Abstract：
:The study aim was to determine whether low level exposure to organophosphate pesticides (OPs) causes neuropsychological or psychiatric impairment. Methodological weaknesses of earlier studies were addressed by: recruiting participants who had retired on ill health grounds; excluding participants with a history of acute poisoning, medical or psychiatric conditions that might account for ill health; and exploring factors which may render some individuals more vulnerable to the effects of OPs than others. Performance on tests of cognition and mood of 127 exposed sheep farmers (67 working, 60 retired) was compared with 78 unexposed controls (38 working, 40 retired) and published test norms derived from a cross section of several thousand adults in the general population. Over 40% of the exposed cohort reported clinically significant levels of anxiety and depression compared to less than 23% of controls. Exposed subjects performed significantly worse than controls and standardisation samples on tests of memory, response speed, fine motor control, mental flexibility and strategy making, even after controlling for the effects of mood. The pattern was similar for both working and retired groups. The cognitive deficits identified cannot be attributed to mood disorder, malingering, a history of acute exposure or genetic vulnerability in terms of PON1(192) polymorphisms. Results suggest a relationship may exist between low level exposure to organophosphates and impaired neurobehavioural functioning and these findings have implications for working practice and for other occupational groups exposed to OPs such as aviation workers and Gulf War veterans.
journal_name
Neurotoxicol Teratoljournal_title
Neurotoxicology and teratologyauthors
Mackenzie Ross SJ,Brewin CR,Curran HV,Furlong CE,Abraham-Smith KM,Harrison Vdoi
10.1016/j.ntt.2010.03.004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-07-01 00:00:00pages
452-9issue
4eissn
0892-0362issn
1872-9738pii
S0892-0362(10)00037-1journal_volume
32pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:We have studied the reactive responses of both astrocytes and microglia to dopaminergic denervation of the striatum by MPTP. Following MPTP treatment, increased GFAP immunoreactivity reached a peak at 2 days and persisted for at least 6 weeks. Immunoreactivity to vimentin was also markedly increased in astrocytes 48 h...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0892-0362(94)00048-i
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Animals exposed prenatally to alcohol (4 g/kg/day) via maternal peroral intubation or control offspring were reared after weaning either alone in standard steel/wire cages or in groups of eight, for 6 weeks. Rats exposed prenatally to alcohol and reared in isolation had a dysmetric stride length indicative of an ataxi...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0892-0362(93)90007-b
更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Disruptive Behavior Disorders (DBD) exhibit a sex-biased prevalence rate favoring boys, and prenatal testosterone exposure appears to be part of the complex etiology of these disorders. The current study examines whether high prenatal testosterone exposure may heighten the risk for DBD symptoms in males by increasing ...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ntt.2014.05.001
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Maternal smoking during pregnancy greatly enhances perinatal morbidity/mortality and is the major risk factor for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Studies in developing rodents indicate that nicotine is a neuroteratogen that targets monoamine pathways involved in the responses to hypoxia that are in turn, hypothes...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ntt.2011.02.001
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Research suggests that use and abuse of marijuana can be especially harmful if it occurs during adolescence, a period of vast developmental changes throughout the brain. We examined the effects of 2mg/kg (9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) administered daily via intra-peritoneal injections during juvenile/early adolescence...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ntt.2010.05.001
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The reduction in growth resulting from lead (PB) exposure in weanling rats is consistent with a lowering of the biological set-point for food intake. In this study the effects of lead on the patterns of food intake were examined. For 10 days (from ages 26 to 36 days), female rats were provided with drinking water cont...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0892-0362(94)90040-x
更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The concurrence of prenatal alcohol exposure with other drug exposure, low socioeconomic status and environmental risk factors may obscure associations, if any, between prenatal cocaine exposure and child outcomes. This study evaluates the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on child behavior in analyses str...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ntt.2004.10.005
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lead (Pb) is a well-known poison interfering with calcium homeostasis and dopaminergic pathway. We hypothesized that environmental Pb exposure can interact with prolactin (PRL) secretion, regulated by calcium and dopamine, during pregnancy and in fetus. The objective of this longitudinal study was to determine the rel...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ntt.2005.03.009
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of administration by inhalation of metallic mercury vapour (Hg0) to pregnant rats, approximately corresponding to doses of 0.2 mg Hg0/kg/day (high dose) or 0.07 mg Hg0/kg/day (low dose), on the developmental and behavioural repertoire of the offspring were studied. Exposure occurred during days 11-14 plus ...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0892-0362(93)90056-t
更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurobehavioral studies often employ test batteries and confront issues of multiple testing and comparability between batteries. We have organized our battery of 12 tests into areas of neurobehavioral function to reduce the number of reported results, provide greater statistical power, and improve interpretability of ...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0892-0362(96)00026-8
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hazard information essential to guide developmental neurotoxicity risk assessments is limited for many chemicals. As developmental neurotoxicity testing using rodents is laborious and expensive, alternative species such as zebrafish are being adapted for rapid toxicity screening. Assessing the developmental neurotoxic...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ntt.2009.04.065
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have utilized a mouse model of transplacental cocaine exposure to investigate the effects of cocaine dose and gestational timing in altering brain and body growth and postnatal behavior in exposed offspring. Pregnant dams were injected with cocaine HCl at 40 mg/kg/day (COC 40) or 20 mg/kg/day (COC 20), or 10 mg/kg/...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0892-0362(97)00127-x
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Researchers in the Netherlands have reported that the associations of prenatal polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure with poorer cognitive performance in childhood are generally stronger and statistically significant only among non-breast-fed children. This paper reports a similar pattern of greater vulnerability am...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0892-0362(02)00197-6
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Male Fischer 344 rats received either tap water or water containing 250 ppm lead for 90 days prior to training in either Pavlovian fear conditioning or consummatory contrast, an aversive reward reduction paradigm. In Experiment 1, lead-exposed and -unexposed rats were trained in operant chambers over a 6-min session. ...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0892-0362(02)00265-9
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study we used a rat model of graded perinatal asphyxia to study the long-term consequences of this manipulation on rat maternal behavior at adulthood. Rats were delivered by cesarean (C) section and the pups, still in the uterus horns, were placed into a water bath at 37 degrees C for periods of 0 (controls) o...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0892-0362(03)00035-7
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin critical for many developmental and physiological aspects of CNS function. Severe hypothyroidism in the early neonatal period results in developmental and cognitive impairments and reductions in mRNA and protein expression of BDNF in a number of brain regions....
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ntt.2011.04.001
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Zidovudine (AZT) is the main therapeutic agent against HIV vertical transmission and is routinely administered to seropositive pregnant women and their newborns. Toxicity after chronic administration as well as citogenetic effects following developmental AZT exposure has been reported. Furthermore, recent animal data ...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ntt.2004.09.008
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Electrical kindling of the amygdala and hippocampus was used to evaluate the effects of two formamidines, chlordimeform (CDF) and amitraz (AMZ), upon seizures susceptibility in the rat. Male Long-Evans rats were implanted with electrodes in the amygdala or dorsal dentate gyrus, and injected IP daily with 40 mg/kg CDF,...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0892-0362(88)90021-9
更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The developmental neurotoxicity of organophosphates such as chlorpyrifos (CPF) involves multiple mechanisms that ultimately compromise the function of specific neurotransmitter systems, notably acetylcholine (ACh) and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT). Studies in mammalian models incorporate both direct effects on ...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ntt.2008.02.005
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The synthetic neurotoxicant 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induces a Parkinsonian-like syndrome in humans and nonhuman primates, and also causes movement disorders in rodents, fish, amphibians and lizards. To date, the effects of MPTP have not been characterized in snakes. In this study, the behav...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0892-0362(02)00204-0
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In spite of significant efforts, the neurobehavioral deficits in infants born from cocaine-abusing mothers have not been clearly defined. In the present study, we examined the presence of these abnormalities in a rhesus monkey model of prenatal cocaine exposure using a nonhuman primate adaptation of the Neonatal Behav...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ntt.2003.08.003
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dysmorphologic and anthropometric assessments were performed on 154 6-year-old children prenatally exposed to cocaine (PCE) and 131 high-risk controls (NCE) of similar race and social class. Adjusted mean height z scores demonstrated a dose-response with metahydroxybenzoylecgonine above a threshold of 100 ng/g of meco...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ntt.2005.09.003
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A multidisciplinary study to investigate 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD)-induced CNS-neurotoxicity and its proposed potentiation by acetone (AC) was conducted. Neurobehavioral testing, estimation of the brain-swelling reaction, neuropathological and morphometric measurements as well as synaptosomal 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0892-0362(91)90089-f
更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:A number of studies suggest that Pb exposure increases cardiovascular disease risk in humans. As a potential mechanism for this effect, we recently reported a significant association between early childhood Pb levels and cardiovascular response to acute stress. The current study considers the association betw...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ntt.2010.10.001
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During 1991, the Middle Atlantic Reproduction and Teratology Association (MARTA) conducted a survey of laboratories performing behavioral evaluations as part of GLP developmental toxicity studies. This survey was conducted to determine the extent to which an "industry standard" had evolved for behavioral test batterie...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0892-0362(94)90009-4
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To assess teratogenic effects of cocaine exposure and maternal psychological distress on birth outcomes, we conducted a longitudinal prospective study of 415 infants (218 cocaine-exposed--CE, 197 nonexposed--NE). Drug exposure was determined through a combination of maternal self-report, urine, and meconium screens. M...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0892-0362(01)00208-2
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epidemiologic studies suggested a possible link between prenatal exposure to organophosphate insecticides (OP) and long-term mental delay and some behavioral troubles. Experimental studies in rats and mice have confirmed that a relatively short exposure to low doses of OP such as chlorpyrifos (CPF) during specific per...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ntt.2009.08.008
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Methylmercury (MeHg), an environmental contaminant primarily found in fish and seafood, may pose long-term health risks to pregnant women and their developing children. The objective of this study was to determine whether co-consumption of nutritional supplements would alter the effects of MeHg on reproductive and dev...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ntt.2005.11.002
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The discovery of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) leads to the hypothesis that Parkinson's disease (PD) is maybe initiated or precipitated by environmental or endogenous toxins by the mechanism similar to that of MPTP in genetically-predisposed individuals. Endogenous analogs of MPTP, such as beta-c...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0892-0362(02)00212-x
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Roles of age and withdrawal were explored in mechanisms underlying the action of amphetamine (Amph), by monitoring the serotonergic and GABAergic expression in key brain regions of the rat. Postnatal 21 and 60 day-old male rats were intraperitoneally injected with D-Amph, 5 mg/kg, or saline, three times daily for 14 d...
journal_title：Neurotoxicology and teratology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ntt.2006.10.001
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
