Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Low cancer awareness contributes to delay in presentation for cancer symptoms and may lead to delay in cancer diagnosis. The aim of this study was to review the evidence for the effectiveness of interventions to raise cancer awareness and promote early presentation in cancer to inform policy and future research. METHODS:We searched bibliographic databases and reference lists for randomised controlled trials of interventions delivered to individuals, and controlled or uncontrolled studies of interventions delivered to communities. RESULTS:We found some evidence that interventions delivered to individuals modestly increase cancer awareness in the short term and insufficient evidence that they promote early presentation. We found limited evidence that public education campaigns reduce stage at presentation of breast cancer, malignant melanoma and retinoblastoma. CONCLUSIONS:Interventions delivered to individuals may increase cancer awareness. Interventions delivered to communities may promote cancer awareness and early presentation, although the evidence is limited.
journal_name
Br J Cancerjournal_title
British journal of cancerauthors
Austoker J,Bankhead C,Forbes LJ,Atkins L,Martin F,Robb K,Wardle J,Ramirez AJdoi
10.1038/sj.bjc.6605388subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-12-03 00:00:00pages
S31-9eissn
0007-0920issn
1532-1827pii
6605388journal_volume
101 Suppl 2pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The antiapoptotic Livin/ML-IAP gene has recently gained much attention as a potential new target for cancer therapy. Reports indicating that livin is expressed almost exclusively in tumours, but not in the corresponding normal tissue, suggested that the targeted inhibition of livin may present a novel tumour-specific ...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6604028
更新日期：2007-11-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Epidemiology has shown an association between exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) and childhood leukaemia. The causal nature and biological basis of this association are however questionable. Studies with aneuploid cell lines raised the hypothesis that ELF EMF may act as a coleukaemo...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6601010
更新日期：2003-06-16 00:00:00
abstract：:The murine dose of i.v. C. parvum (466 microgram) was compared with a single, low, human-equivalent dose of 70 microgram and with repeated weekly low doses. All treatments increased the antibody titre against C. parvum (CP). However, repeated doses stimulated a much higher titre than single doses. In all treated anima...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1980.64
更新日期：1980-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A follow-up study of 1844 renal transplant patients in Italy showed a 113-fold increased risk for Kaposi's sarcoma. Kaposi's sarcoma risk was higher in persons born in southern than in northern Italy. Significant increases were also observed for cancers of the lip, liver, kidney and for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. ...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6602346
更新日期：2005-02-14 00:00:00
abstract：:The tumour suppressor gene p53 has been found to be mutated or inactivated at high frequency in several common human tumours. We have examined a series of exocrine pancreatic carcinomas for over-expression of mutant forms of p53 by immunohistochemistry with a panel of specific antibodies. We found immunodetectable p53...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1991.467
更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is now widely accepted as the primary treatment modality for squamous cell cancer of the anus. While randomised trials have clearly shown CRT to be more effective than radiotherapy alone, there remains uncertainty over the optimal integration of chemotherapy and radiation. We describe a series ...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6600913
更新日期：2003-05-06 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells are prone to metastasise throughout the peritoneal cavity. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a necessary step towards metastatic tumour progression. CA125/MUC16 mucin is a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein overexpressed in the majority of serous carcinom...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.2011.34
更新日期：2011-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:A cytofluorometric assay allowing the measurement of thymidine phosphorylation in single cells had been established (Hengstschläger & Wawra, 1993). This assay enables us to correlate intracellular thymidine kinase (TK) activity with the DNA content of single cells. Enzyme activity levels from neuroblastoma cells and n...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1993.187
更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In compiling official mortality statistics, rules for selecting the underlying cause of death have changed twice in the last 20 years in England. Mortality statistics for most types of cancer were not greatly affected, but there were significant effects on coding for cancers of colon, liver, breast, prostate, testis a...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6601633
更新日期：2004-03-08 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We studied the biological significance of genes involved in a novel t(8;12)(p21.3;p13.31) reciprocal translocation identified in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells. METHODS:The rearranged genes were identified by breakpoint mapping, long-range PCR and sequencing. We investigated gene expression in...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.2012.301
更新日期：2012-08-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal malignancy with a dismal 5-year survival of less than 5%. The scarcity of early biomarkers has considerably hindered our ability to launch preventive measures for this malignancy in a timely manner. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a 24-kDa glycoprotein, was repor...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6604329
更新日期：2008-05-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Data from the Oxford Survey have shown that childhood cancers are causes of in utero deaths which affect leukaemias more than solid tumours and difficult deliveries more than easy ones. As a result of these biases singletons give the impression of being more leukaemia-sensitive than twins. This is a false impression w...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1973.59
更新日期：1973-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies have shown that multidrug resistance (MDR) in the doxorubicin-selected lung tumour cell lines COR-L23/R, GLC4/ADR and MOR/R is associated with overexpression of the MRP gene. In this study we report that resistance to daunorubicin, vincristine and rhodamine 123 can be partially reversed in these cell ...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1995.281
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Anti-PD-1 antibodies and BRAF/MEK inhibitors are the two main groups of systemic therapy in the treatment of BRAFV600-mutant advanced melanoma. Until now, data are inconclusive on which therapy to use as first-line treatment. The aim of this study was to use propensity score matching to compare first-line an...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41416-020-01229-1
更新日期：2021-01-26 00:00:00
abstract：:We evaluated the therapeutic usefulness of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with completely resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We also examined the relation between DNA ploidy pattern and the response to chemotherapy. A total of 267 patients with NSCLC (pathologically documented stage I, II, or IIIA) underw...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6603336
更新日期：2006-10-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Small-cell lung cancers (SCLCs) initially respond to chemotherapy, but are often resistant at recurrence. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin is an inhibitor of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) function. The doxorubicin-resistant MRP1-overexpressing human SCLC cell line GLC(4)-Adr was highly sen...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6604010
更新日期：2007-10-22 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Neuroblastoma is the most common malignancy of infancy but little is known about the aetiological factors associated with the development of this tumour. A number of epidemiological studies have previously examined the risk associated with paternal occupational exposures but most have involved small numbers ...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6605504
更新日期：2010-02-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) is a serine protease involved in cancer invasion and metastasis. uPA acts in vivo by binding to a membrane receptor known as uPAR. In this study, uPA and uPAR levels were semiquantitated by immunocytochemistry in 36 primary breast carcinomas. Using monoclonal antibody HD-UK 1, uPA...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1998.268
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A human prostate tumour cell line, LNCaP C4-2, when injected into athymic male nude mice, produced tumours containing: (1) only human cancer cells similar to those injected; (2) only murine stromal cells containing abnormal chromosome constitutions; or (3) both human prostate cancer cells similar to those injected and...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1997.524
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The presence of succinyl-coenzyme A: acetoacetate CoA--transferase (3-oxo acid-CoA transferase), an initiator of ketone body utilization in non-hepatic tissue was examined in a number of animal and human tumours of peripheral tissues. While enzyme levels in heart, kidney, lymphocytes and bladder were high, the tumours...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1983.38
更新日期：1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although epithelial cell adhesion/activating molecule (EpCAM/CD326) is one of the first tumour-associated antigens identified, it has never received the same level of attention as other target proteins for therapy of cancer. It is also striking that ever since its discovery in the late 1970s the actual contribution of...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6603494
更新日期：2007-02-12 00:00:00
abstract：:No published data are available concerning the activity and tolerability of intramuscularly administered granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in humans. To fill this gap, 19 patients with advanced ovarian cancer previously treated with at least one first-line chemotherapy cycle received the following myelosup...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1994.186
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a form of cancer treatment based on the destruction of cells by the interaction of light, oxygen and a photosensitizer. Aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) is the prodrug of the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). ALA-induced PDT depends on the rate of cellular synthesis of PpIX, which may v...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1998.441
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pancreatic tumours are scirrhous, avascular tumours, suggesting that they may produce angiogenesis inhibitors that suppress the growth of the vasculature to the tumour and metastases. We have sought evidence for the angiogenesis inhibitor, endostatin, in normal and cancerous pancreatic tissue. Using Western blotting, ...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6602234
更新日期：2005-01-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Local infiltrates of eosinophilic leucocytes and macrophages and the deposition of acid mucopolysaccharides (AMPS) in 72 operable primary lung cancers and 17 isolated pulmonary metastases of known origin were correlated to tumour stage (radically or non-radically operable) and clinical course, by following the patient...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1979.196
更新日期：1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Squamous carcinoma of the oropharynx presents with symptoms common to many benign diseases, and this can cause delay in referral to secondary care. We investigate delay in referral, defining this as the time from symptom-onset to date of general practitioners referral letter to secondary care, and the effect of that d...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6603044
更新日期：2006-04-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The formation of cyclic AMP was studied in normal liver, subcutaneous hepatomas derived from MH1C1 cells, and premalignant liver and primary hepatomas induced by the carcinogens 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) and 4-dimethylamino-azobenzene (DAB). While only very slight effects of prostaglandins (PG) were seen in slices o...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1978.281
更新日期：1978-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The secosteroid hormones, all-trans- and 9-cis-retinoic acid and vitamin D3, have demonstrated significant capacity to control proliferation in vitro of many solid tumour cell lines. Cooperative synergistic effects by these two ligands have been reported, and it is, therefore, possible that greater therapeutic effects...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjc.6690018
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) functions specifically to induce lymphangiogenesis. We examined the relationship between expression of VEGF-C and clinicopathological features in patients with colorectal cancer. The expression of VEGF-C in the 99 primary tumours and 18 metastatic lymph nodes from colorect...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1054/bjoc.2000.1396
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bryostatin 1 is a novel macrocyclic lactone activator of protein kinase C (PKC) which has clinical potential as an anti-cancer agent. The mechanism of action of this agent is unknown, but protein kinase C has been implicated. In order to investigate this possibility, we have developed P388 sublines resistant to bryost...
journal_title：British journal of cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjc.1994.353
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
