Abstract:
:Cytokine synthesis and release is an essential component of the innate immune system, but inappropriate, excessive production results in a generalized systemic inflammatory response which damages distant organs. Recent research has identified an immunomodulatory function of the vagus nerve whereby activation of the efferent arm results in regulation of cytokine production. Termed the 'cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway', this neuro-immune communication provides the host with a fast, discrete, and localized means of controlling the immune response and preventing excessive inflammation. Stimulation of the vagus nerve attenuates cytokine production and improves survival in experimental sepsis, haemorrhagic shock, ischaemia-reperfusion injury, and other conditions of cytokine excess and research is now underway in developing new and novel therapeutics aimed at stimulating the vagus nerve either directly or targeting specific components of the pathway.
journal_name
Br J Anaesthjournal_title
British journal of anaesthesiaauthors
Johnston GR,Webster NRdoi
10.1093/bja/aep037subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-04-01 00:00:00pages
453-62issue
4eissn
0007-0912issn
1471-6771pii
S0007-0912(17)34466-5journal_volume
102pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent studies have shown that ultrasound guidance for paediatric regional anaesthesia can improve the quality of upper extremity and neuraxial blocks. We therefore investigated whether ultrasound guidance for sciatic and femoral nerve blocks prolongs sensory blockade in comparison with nerve stimulator guid...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/bja/aem092
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have compared bispectral index (BIS), 95% spectral edge frequency (SEF) and approximate entropy (ApEn) in 37 patients during induction and recovery from a short general anaesthetic. Heart rate variability (HRV) was also compared during induction only. These indices were noted at the start of induction, when a syrin...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/82.5.666
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to explore difficulties at work from anaesthetists' own perspective and to examine how anaesthetists handle and cope with situations that are perceived as difficult and potentially stressful. METHODS:Two sets of interviews were conducted with 19 specialist anaesthetists in Sweden. ...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/bja/aem233
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The choice of an i.v. anaesthetic induction poses problems for the anaesthetist confronted with a patient with one of the acute porphyrias. We undertook a prospective clinical trial in 13 variegate porphyric subjects using propofol as an anaesthetic induction agent. Urinary porphyrin precursors and porphyrins were mea...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/66.1.60
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this report we present the case of a 77-yr-old man who underwent resection of the upper lobe of the left lung for a carcinoma, six weeks after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) with stenting of the left anterior descending (LAD) and circumflex coronary arteries. Antiplatelet therapy with clopido...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/aeh110
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Laryngeal Tube (LT) performs similarly to the classic laryngeal mask airway during controlled ventilation but with an improved airway seal. We compared the laryngeal tube with the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway (PLMA) throughout anaesthesia. METHODS:Thirty-two patients were studied using a randomized cro...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/bja/aeg239
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We developed a new neuromuscular transmission monitor, the compressomyograph (CMG, European patent number: EP 06018557.6, US patent number: US 60/824.541). This is the first preliminary report comparing neuromuscular block monitored by CMG and the Relaxometer mechanomyograph (MMG). METHODS:The two monitors ...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/bja/aem379
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Abnormal serum sodium concentrations are common in patients presenting for surgery. It remains unclear whether these abnormalities are independent risk factors for postoperative mortality. METHODS:This is a secondary analysis of the European Surgical Outcome Study (EuSOS) that provided data describing 46 53...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/aev373
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::As the route of breathing and use of airway apparatus such as mask, mouthpiece and noseclip can alter breathing pattern, this study has used the helium dilution method to estimate the effects of mouthpiece and mask breathing on functional residual capacity (FRC) in the supine position, and the change in FRC that occur...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/bja/76.4.560
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein kinase C (PKC) is a key regulatory enzyme that has been implicated as a molecular target for the action of general anaesthetics. We have determined the effects of halothane on the translocation and down-regulation of conventional PKC (cPKC) by analysing the subcellular distribution of PKC activity, [3H]phorbol...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/78.2.189
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We defined the nature of the pharmacological interaction after intrathecal co-administration of ginsenosides with clonidine, and clarified the contribution of the α-2 adrenoceptors on the effect of ginsenosides. METHODS:Pain was evoked by injection of a formalin solution (5%, 50 μl) into the hindpaw of male...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/aeq367
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have compared the effects of inhalation of aerosolized surfactant on experimental acute respiratory distress syndrome. Escherichia coli endotoxin (55 (SD 20) mg kg(-1)) was injected into the tracheas of 36 adult rats anaesthetized and mechanically ventilated with pure oxygen. When the Pa(O(2)) decreased to 11.3 (3....
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/87.2.266
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have studied the effects of flow and dobutamine on systemic haemodynamic variables, oxygen delivery (DO2) and oxygen consumption (VO2) in 20 patients during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with mild hypothermia (34 degrees C). In a subgroup of seven patients, we also studied the effects on gastric microcirculatory blo...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/76.1.5
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several risk scores have been developed to calculate the probability of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). However, the power to discriminate which individual will suffer from PONV is still limited. Thus, we wondered how the number of predictors in a score affects the discriminating power and how the characteri...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/86.6.822
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the dog, pancuronium 0.2 mg/kg increased left ventricular systolic pressure and systemic arterial pressure, but did not change central venous pressure. Repeated doses produced diminishing responses and eventually no change in arterial pressure. After tachyphylaxis was established, a pressor response to pancuronium ...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/48.12.1143
更新日期:1976-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Early clot amplitudes measured on thromboelastometry (ROTEM®) predict maximum clot firmness (MCF) in adults. In this multicentre, retrospective study, we aimed to confirm the suspected relationship between early ROTEM® variables and MCF, in children undergoing cardiac or non-cardiac surgery. METHODS:4762 RO...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/bja/aev369
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We investigated the effects of total i.v. anaesthesia (TIVA) and balanced anaesthesia (BAL) with sevoflurane on postoperative lung function in patients undergoing surgery in the prone position. METHODS:Sixty patients, aged 21-60 yr, undergoing elective lumbar disc surgery in the prone position were randomly...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/bja/aeq321
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Five hundred and seventeen women in labour receiving extradural analgesia, using bupivacaine plain solution, were randomly allocated to one of three groups. Group A received 6-8ml of 0.5% solution, group B 10-14ml of 0.25% solution, and group C 6-8 ml of 0.25% solution. Spontaneous delivery occurred in 31.7% of patien...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/bja/53.9.933
更新日期:1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a prospective study, patients undergoing abdominal surgery were allocated randomly to receive intermittent morphine 10 mg i.m. (n = 41) or a single injection of buprenorphine 0.3 mg i.m. followed by sublingual buprenorphine 0.4 mg every 6 h (n = 39) for 3 days following operation. Patients receiving buprenorphine w...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/bja/56.8.855
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have investigated 60 patients in a prospective double-blind, placebo-controlled study to assess the efficacy of EMLA (Eutectic Mixture of Local Anaesthetics) cream to provide analgesia during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) with a second generation lithotriptor. Before operation, EMLA or placebo cream ...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/69.4.399
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have compared the effects of sevoflurane and halothane on the discharge frequencies of 19 slowly adapting and four rapidly adapting lung receptors in the rabbit by recording from single vagal fibres. Both agents reduced the discharge frequency of slowly adapting receptors during expiration (P < 0.0005), halothane h...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/80.2.257
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A method for the assessment and management of factors both causing and maintaining a primary metabolic alkalosis is presented. During a 2-year period 65 patients with metabolic alkalosis were treated with saline and potassium chloride infusions. In four patients the alkalosis was refractory and required additional the...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/49.8.811
更新日期:1977-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pressure recording analytical method (PRAM) is a novel, arterial pulse contour-based method for measuring cardiac output (CO). Validation studies of PRAM in children are few, and have not assessed both absolute accuracy and ability to track changes in CO across a broad case mix. We aimed to compare CO as mea...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/aes420
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical understanding of the dynamics of myocardial contraction is hampered by an over-simplified interpretation of the intramural pattern of force generation. This limits the anaesthetist's knowledge of the direct effects of commonly used anaesthetics. A discrimination between a negative inotropic effect and cha...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/bja/60.suppl_1.2s
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to test whether non-invasive assessment of respiratory stroke volume variation (ΔrespSV) by oesophageal Doppler monitoring (ODM) can predict fluid responsiveness during surgery in a mixed population. The predictive value of ΔrespSV was evaluated using a grey zone approach. ME...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/aes301
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The perioperative period may be associated with a marked neurohumoral stress response, significant fluid losses, and varied fluid replacement regimes. Acute changes in serum sodium concentration are therefore common, but predictors and outcomes of these changes have not been investigated in a large surgical ...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/aeu409
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have used mivacurium in four myasthenic patients presenting for thymectomy. Supramaximal single twitch stimulation was applied to the ulnar nerve at the wrist and the force of contraction of the adductor pollicis was measured. After an initial bolus dose of 30 micrograms kg-1 (approximately one-fifth of the normal ...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/73.4.494
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:One major risk factor of the sitting position for neurosurgery is air embolism, especially in patients with persistent foramen ovale (PFO). The first aim of this prospective study was to evaluate a bedside method for detecting PFO using transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) with contrast medium. A second aim...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/ael015
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Procaine has been advocated in the treatment of malignant hyperpyrexia, whereas lignocaine has been shown to worsen the condition. Using muscle from patients susceptible to malignant hyperpyrexia in vitro, it has been demonstrated that muscle contracture can occur with procaine on its own, and in one patient the halot...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/bja/47.1.17
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serum concentrations of the cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), increase after surgical trauma. IL-6 mediates the synthesis of acute phase proteins and stimulates secretion of pituitary hormones. We have examined the time course of circulating IL-6, and cortisol and growth hormone responses in patients undergoing hysterec...
journal_title:British journal of anaesthesia
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/bja/72.3.272
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00