Development of the self-concept during adolescence.

abstract：:Political disputes ruin family reunions, scuttle policy initiatives, and spur violence and even terrorism. We summarize recent research indicating that the source of political differences can be found in biologically instantiated and often subthreshold predispositions as reflected in physiological, cognitive, and neur...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Hibbing JR,Smith KB,Peterson JC,Feher B

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two recent articles in this journal made the case for the existence and importance of g and reviewed research on cognitive and psychophysical correlates of psychometric g. This review considers g from a genetic perspective. Multivariate genetic research indicates that g accounts for nearly all of the genetic variance ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Plomin R,Spinath FM

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Successful goal-directed behavior critically depends on performance monitoring, a set of cognitive and affective functions determining whether adaptive control is needed and, if so, which type and magnitude is required. Knowledge of the brain structures involved in such a process has grown enormously, although the tim...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Ullsperger M,Fischer AG,Nigbur R,Endrass T

更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent empirical research has shed new light on the perennial question of human altruism. A number of recent studies suggest that from very early in ontogeny young children have a biological predisposition to help others achieve their goals, to share resources with others and to inform others of things helpfully. Huma...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Warneken F,Tomasello M

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:How much can we perceive and remember at a time? Results from various paradigms traditionally show that observers are aware of surprisingly little of the world around them. However, a recent study by Wu and Wolfe (Curr. Biol. 2018;28:3430-3434) uses a novel technique to reveal that observers have more knowledge of the...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Cohen MA

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent discoveries about the neural system and cellular mechanisms in pathways mediating classical fear conditioning have provided a foundation for pursuing concurrent connectionist models of this form of emotional learning. The models described are constrained by the known anatomy underlying the behavior being simula...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Armony JL,Servan-Schreiber D,Cohen JD,Ledoux JE

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews recently proposed theories postulating that, during simple choices, the brain performs statistically optimal decision making. These theories are ecologically motivated by evolutionary pressures to optimize the speed and accuracy of decisions and to maximize the rate of receiving rewards for correc...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Bogacz R

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Categorization is a fundamental process whereby variable perceptual inputs are reduced progressively to a small number of equivalence classes, called 'categories'. How do theorists frame the categorization problem so that variable face, object and scene information is stabilized for higher-level processing? One approa...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Schyns PG

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The literatures on episodic memory for self-referential and emotional information have proceeded relatively independently, and most studies examining the effects of age on these memory processes have been interpreted within domain-specific frameworks. However, there is increasing evidence for shared mechanisms that co...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Gutchess A,Kensinger EA

更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Electrophysiological recordings on the human scalp provide a wealth of information about the temporal dynamics and nature of face perception at a global level of brain organization. The time window between 100 and 200 ms witnesses the transition between low-level and high-level vision, an N170 component correlating wi...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Rossion B

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent years have seen enormous demand amongst policy makers for new insights from the behavioural sciences, especially neuroscience. This demand is matched by an increasing willingness on behalf of behavioural scientists to translate the policy implications of their work. But can neuroscience really help shape the go...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Seymour B,Vlaev I

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Computational models of human collective behavior offer promise in providing quantitative and empirically verifiable accounts of how individual decisions lead to the emergence of group-level organizations. Agent-based models (ABMs) describe interactions among individual agents and their environment, and provide a proc...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Goldstone RL,Janssen MA

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A small number of discrete choices ('parameters') embedded within a system of otherwise universal principles create the extensive superficial differences between unrelated languages like English, Japanese, and Mohawk. Most current thinking about the evolution of language ignores or denies the existence of these parame...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Baker MC

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the course of evolution, social dominance has been a strong force shaping the organization of social systems in many species. Individuals with a better ability to represent social dominance relationships and to adapt their behavior accordingly usually achieve better access to resources, hence providing benefits in ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Qu C,Ligneul R,Van der Henst JB,Dreher JC

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The perception of social information is crucial for the survival of most animal species. Two recent studies demonstrate the joint contribution of innate mechanisms and perceptual experience to two aspects of social perception--faces and biological motion. Together, they highlight how important it is to consider faces ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Thompson JC,Hardee JE

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this Opinion article we describe a theory that the brain mechanisms underlying working memory for novel information include a buffer in parahippocampal cortices. Computational modeling indicates that mechanisms for maintaining novel information in working memory could differ from mechanisms for maintaining familiar...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Hasselmo ME,Stern CE

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Naturalistic observations show that decisions to avoid or escape predators occur at different spatiotemporal scales and that they are supported by different computations and neural circuits. At their extremes, proximal threats are addressed by a limited repertoire of reflexive and myopic actions, reflecting reduced de...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Mobbs D,Headley DB,Ding W,Dayan P

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A new study shows a leftward asymmetry of the choroid plexus in two-thirds of first-trimester human fetuses. This is the earliest brain asymmetry so far identified and may be a precursor to other asymmetries, including that of the temporal planum, which is evident from the 31st week of gestation. ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Corballis MC

更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many studies have demonstrated that prism adaptation can reduce several symptoms of visual neglect: a disorder in which patients fail to respond to information in contralesional space. The dominant framework to explain these effects proposes that prisms influence higher order visuospatial processes by acting on brain ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Striemer CL,Danckert JA

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although only humans use spoken language, the vocal communication of many animals shares some features with language. Within the context of their family, normal children and young non-human primates develop proficiency in the nuances of their species-specific vocal communication system. Engaging in speech-like phoneti...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Margaret Elowson A,Snowdon CT,Lazaro-Perea C

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Grid cells have been proposed to encode both the self-location of an animal and the relative position of locations within an environment. We reassess the validity of these roles in light of recent evidence demonstrating grid patterns to be less temporally and spatially stable than previously thought. ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Carpenter F,Barry C

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:How do the anatomically consistent functional selectivities of the brain emerge? A new study by Bola and colleagues reveals task selectivity in auditory rhythm-selective areas in congenitally deaf adults perceiving visual rhythm sequences. Here, we contextualize this result with accumulating evidence from animal and h...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Amedi A,Hofstetter S,Maidenbaum S,Heimler B

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The physical energy that we refer to as a word, whether in isolation or embedded in sentences, takes its meaning from the knowledge stored in our brains through a lifetime of experience. Much empirical evidence indicates that, although this knowledge can be used fairly flexibly, it is functionally organized in 'semant...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Kutas M,Federmeier KD

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The brain during healthy aging exhibits gradual deterioration of structure but maintains a high level of cognitive ability. These structural changes are often accompanied by reorganization of functional brain networks. Existing neurocognitive theories of aging have argued that such changes are either beneficial or det...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Naik S,Banerjee A,Bapi RS,Deco G,Roy D

更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Predictive Processing theories hold that the mind's core aim is to minimize prediction-error about its experiences. But prediction-error minimization can be 'hacked', by placing oneself in highly predictable environments where nothing happens. Recent philosophical work suggests that this is a surprisingly serious chal...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Sun Z,Firestone C

更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Traditional explanations of multistable visual phenomena (e.g. ambiguous figures, perceptual rivalry) suggest that the basis for spontaneous reversals in perception lies in antagonistic connectivity within the visual system. In this review, we suggest an alternative, albeit speculative, explanation for visual multista...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Leopold DA,Logothetis NK

更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to predict the likelihood of an aversive event is an important adaptive capacity. Certainty and uncertainty regarding pain cause different adaptive behavior, emotional states, attentional focus, and perceptual changes. Recent functional neuroimaging studies indicate that certain and uncertain expectation a...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Ploghaus A,Becerra L,Borras C,Borsook D

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since its inception, the contextual cueing (CC) paradigm has generated considerable interest in various fields of cognitive sciences because it constitutes an elegant approach to understanding how statistical learning (SL) mechanisms can detect contextual regularities during a visual search. In this article we review ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Goujon A,Didierjean A,Thorpe S

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Depression is characterized by distinct profiles of disturbance in ways autobiographical memories are represented, recalled, and maintained. We review four core domains of difficulty: systematic biases in favor of negative material; impoverished access and responses to positive memories; reduced access to the specific...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Dalgleish T,Werner-Seidler A

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The richness and complexity of data sets acquired from PET or fMRI studies of human cognition have not been exploited until recently by computational neural-modeling methods. In this article, two neural-modeling approaches for use with functional brain imaging data are described. One, which uses structural equation mo...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Horwitz B,Tagamets MA,McIntosh AR

更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00