Abstract：
:Categorization is a fundamental process whereby variable perceptual inputs are reduced progressively to a small number of equivalence classes, called 'categories'. How do theorists frame the categorization problem so that variable face, object and scene information is stabilized for higher-level processing? One approach suggests that perception delivers a fixed set of features that are treated as inputs to categorization processes. This paper questions this unidirectionality and argues instead that perceptual organization is linked intimately with the categorization being accomplished. An example is presented where it can be shown that the history of categorization changes the featural analysis and the perception of identical, but unfamiliar, inputs. Flexible percepts are then generalized to real-world scene categorization in the space of multiple spatial scales. This evidence suggests that a bidirectional framework, with direct interactions between concepts and percepts, is a more appropriate framework for categorization.
journal_name
Trends Cogn Scijournal_title
Trends in cognitive sciencesauthors
Schyns PGdoi
10.1016/S1364-6613(97)01056-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-08-01 00:00:00pages
183-9issue
5eissn
1364-6613issn
1879-307Xpii
S1364-6613(97)01056-5journal_volume
1pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Although only humans use spoken language, the vocal communication of many animals shares some features with language. Within the context of their family, normal children and young non-human primates develop proficiency in the nuances of their species-specific vocal communication system. Engaging in speech-like phoneti...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1364-6613(97)01115-7
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:by Nestor A. Schmajuk, Cambridge University Press, 1997. £29.95 (xii+340 pages) ISBN 0 521 45086 1. ...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1364-6613(98)01192-9
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ease with which highly developed brains can generate representations of a virtually unlimited diversity of perceptual objects indicates that they have developed very efficient mechanisms to analyse and represent relations among incoming signals. Here, we propose that two complementary strategies are applied to cop...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S1364-6613(97)01079-6
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The richness and complexity of data sets acquired from PET or fMRI studies of human cognition have not been exploited until recently by computational neural-modeling methods. In this article, two neural-modeling approaches for use with functional brain imaging data are described. One, which uses structural equation mo...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1364-6613(99)01282-6
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recognizing images requires sorting them into the correct perceptual categories. Without categories, apples could not be discriminated from oranges. A fundamental question is whether categories are innate or learned, and if learned, how well such discriminations generalize. A recent finding by Notman et al. demonstrat...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2005.07.005
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Usage of the term 'theory of mind' (ToM) has exploded across fields ranging from developmental psychology to social neuroscience and psychiatry research. However, its meaning is often vague and inconsistent, its biological bases are a subject of debate, and the methods used to study it are highly heterogeneous. Most c...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2014.11.007
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of decoding skills has traditionally been viewed as a stage-like process during which children's reading strategies change as a consequence of the acquisition of phonological awareness. More explicit accounts of the mechanisms involved in learning to read are provided by recent connectionist models in ...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S1364-6613(97)89053-5
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurological disorder characterized by vocal and motor tics. TS is associated with impairments in behavioral inhibition, dysfunctional signaling of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, and alterations in the balance of excitatory and inhibitory influences within brain networks implicated i...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2015.08.006
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cognitive science might almost be defined as several disciplines communicating their different perspectives on the mind, the common object of study. However, domain-specific concepts and techniques can prevent, rather than foster, a communication of viewpoints. In this article, we develop a new framework for visual ca...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01838-6
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A persistent metaphor in decision-making research casts people as intuitive statisticians. Popular explanations based on this metaphor assume that the way in which people represent the environment is specified and fixed a priori. A major flaw in this account is that it is not clear how people know what aspects of an e...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2020.09.005
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Brain evolution has often been correlated with the cognitive demands of social life. Further progress depends on our ability to link cognitive processes to corresponding brain part sizes and structures, and, ultimately, to demonstrate causality. Recent research suggests that fishes are suitable to test general hypothe...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2014.04.005
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We present an integrated view of interval timing and reinforcement learning (RL) in the brain. The computational goal of RL is to maximize future rewards, and this depends crucially on a representation of time. Different RL systems in the brain process time in distinct ways. A model-based system learns 'what happens w...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2018.08.004
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this Opinion article we describe a theory that the brain mechanisms underlying working memory for novel information include a buffer in parahippocampal cortices. Computational modeling indicates that mechanisms for maintaining novel information in working memory could differ from mechanisms for maintaining familiar...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2006.09.005
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:"Executive function" is an umbrella term for functions such as planning, working memory, impulse control, inhibition and mental flexibility, as well as for the initiation and monitoring of action. The primacy of executive dysfunction in autism is a topic of much debate, as are recent attempts to examine subtypes of ex...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2003.11.003
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:General anesthesia provides an invaluable experimental tool to probe the essential neural circuits that underlie consciousness. A new study reports that cholinergic stimulation of the prefrontal cortex restores wake-like behaviors in anesthetized rodents, suggesting that cholinergic inputs to the prefrontal cortex pla...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2018.07.016
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Experiencing oneself as the cause of an action is a fundamental building block for a sense of self. A recent study by Sato and Yasuda provides evidence that motor prediction contributes to the experience of agency. Their findings demonstrate that agency is experienced not only for intended, but also for erroneous, uni...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2005.04.006
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Predictive Processing theories hold that the mind's core aim is to minimize prediction-error about its experiences. But prediction-error minimization can be 'hacked', by placing oneself in highly predictable environments where nothing happens. Recent philosophical work suggests that this is a surprisingly serious chal...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2020.02.006
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since its inception, the contextual cueing (CC) paradigm has generated considerable interest in various fields of cognitive sciences because it constitutes an elegant approach to understanding how statistical learning (SL) mechanisms can detect contextual regularities during a visual search. In this article we review ...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2015.07.009
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:From its academic beginnings the theory of human action control has distinguished between endogenously driven, intentional action and exogenously driven, habitual, or automatic action. We challenge this dual-route model and argue that attempts to provide clear-cut and straightforward criteria to distinguish between in...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2017.09.009
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) noninvasively measures human brain activity at millimeter resolution. Scientists use different approaches to take advantage of the remarkable opportunities presented by fMRI. Here, we describe progress using the computational neuroimaging approach in human visual cortex, wh...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2015.03.009
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Textbooks teach us that the removal of sensory input to sensory cortex, for example, following arm amputation, results in massive reorganisation in the adult brain. In this opinion article, we critically examine evidence for functional reorganisation of sensory cortical representations, focusing on the sequelae of arm...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2017.01.002
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heavy prenatal alcohol exposure can have lifelong, disabling effects on brain and cognition. Unlike animal studies, research on light-to-moderate drinking in humans demonstrates less consistent impact. Discussions of negative research findings in popular media underestimate potential adverse outcomes and complicate de...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2015.09.011
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Behavioral analyses are a natural choice for understanding the wide-ranging behavioral consequences of racial stereotyping and prejudice. However, studies using neuroimaging and electrophysiological research have recently considered the neural mechanisms that underlie racial categorization and the activation and appli...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2009.10.002
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Delays in sensorimotor loops have led to the proposal that reaching movements are primarily under pre-programmed control and that sensory feedback loops exert an influence only at the very end of a trajectory. The present review challenges this view. Although behavioral data suggest that a motor plan is assembled prio...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01537-0
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Artificial life provides important theoretical and methodological tools for the investigation of Piaget's developmental theory. This new method uses artificial neural networks to simulate living phenomena in a computer. A recent study by Parisi and Schlesinger suggests that artificial life might reinvigorate the Piage...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1364-6613(03)00034-2
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been hypothesized that the human visual system can use temporal synchrony for the perceptual grouping of image regions into unified objects, as proposed in some neural models. It is argued here, however, that previous psychophysical evidence for this hypothesis is due to stimulus artifacts, and that earlier stu...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1364-6613(02)01927-7
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A recent study by Zhang and Gläscher (2020) in humans examines learning from one's own versus others' actions under reward uncertainty. Comparing findings from this and non-human studies on learning under perceptual uncertainty suggests a unified role for confidence in learning under different types of uncertainty acr...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2020.09.011
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The manner by which the human brain learns and recognizes stimuli is a matter of ongoing investigation. Through examination of meta-analyses of task-based functional MRI and resting state functional connectivity MRI, we identified a novel network strongly related to learning and memory. Activity within this network at...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2015.07.004
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ratio of men to women in a given ecology can have profound influences on a range of interpersonal processes, from marriage and divorce rates to risk-taking and violent crime. Here, we organize such processes into two categories - intersexual choice and intrasexual competition - representing focal effects of imbala...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2019.11.008
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Music and speech share many acoustic cues but not all are equally important. For example, harmonic pitch is essential for music but not for speech. When birds communicate is their song more like speech or music? A new study contrasting pitch and spectral patterns shows that birds perceive their song more like humans p...
journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tics.2016.02.004
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
