Abstract:
:A phenomenological model of biocide action against microbial biofilms was derived. Processes incorporated in the model include bulk flow in and out of a well-mixed reactor, transport of dissolved species into the biofilm, substrate consumption by bacterial metabolism, bacterial growth, advection of cell mass within the biofilm, cell detachment from the biofilm, cell death, and biocide concentration-dependent disinfection. Simulations were performed to analyze the general behavior of the model and to perform preliminary sensitivity analysis to identify key input parameters. The model captured several general features of antimicrobial agent action against biofilms that have been observed widely by experimenters and practitioners. These included (1) rapid disinfection followed by biofilm regrowth, (2) slower detachment than disinfection, and (3) reduced susceptibility of microorganisms in biofilms. The results support the plausibility of a mechanism of biofilm resistance in which the biocide is neutralized by reaction with biofilm constituents, leading to a reduction in the bulk biocide concentration and, more significantly, biocide concentration gradients within the biofilm. Sensitivity experiments and analyses identified which input parameters influence key response variables. Each of three response variables was sensitive to each of the five input parameters, but they were most sensitive to the initial biofilm thickness and next most sensitive to the biocide disinfection rate coefficient. Statistical regression modeling produced simple equations for approximating the response variables for situations within the range of conditions covered by the sensitivity experiment. The model should be useful as a tool for studying alternative biocide control strategies. For example, the simulations suggested that a good interval between pulses of biocide is the time to minimum thickness. (c) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
journal_name
Biotechnol Bioengjournal_title
Biotechnology and bioengineeringauthors
Stewart PS,Hamilton MA,Goldstein BR,Schneider BTdoi
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(19960220)49:4<445::AID-BITsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-02-20 00:00:00pages
445-55issue
4eissn
0006-3592issn
1097-0290journal_volume
49pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Cell lines derived from Trichoplusia ni (Tn) are widely used as hosts in the baculovirus-insect cell system (BICS). One advantage of Tn cell lines is they can produce recombinant proteins at higher levels than cell lines derived from other insects. However, Tn cell lines are persistently infected with an alphanodaviru...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.27494
更新日期:2020-07-14 00:00:00
abstract::RNA viruses are capable of undergoing extremely rapid evolution due to their high rates of reproduction, small genome size, and a high frequency of spontaneous mutagenesis. Here we demonstrate that a virus-like, evolutionary state can be created by propagating a phagemid population in a hypermutator strain of Escheric...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(20000405)68:1<121::aid-bit
更新日期:2000-04-05 00:00:00
abstract::Mammalian cell lines for recombinant protein production need to maintain productivity over extended cultivation times. Long-term stability studies are time and resource intensive, but are widely performed to identify and eliminate unstable candidates during cell line development. Production instability of manufacturin...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.23216
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A propanologenic (i.e., 1-propanol-producing) bacterium Escherichia coli strain was previously derived by activating the genomic sleeping beauty mutase (Sbm) operon. The activated Sbm pathway branches out of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle at the succinyl-CoA node to form propionyl-CoA and its derived metabolites o...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.27276
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The majority of influenza vaccines are manufactured using embryonated hens' eggs. The potential occurrence of a pandemic outbreak of avian influenza might reduce or even eliminate the supply of eggs, leaving the human population at risk. Also, the egg-based production technology is intrinsically cumbersome and not eas...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.22753
更新日期:2010-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Yeasts capable of fermenting both D-xylose and cellobiose to ethanol were screened. Of 213 species of yeasts surveyed, Kluyveromyces cellobiovorus sp. nov., a new species belonging to genus of Kluyveromyces, was selected as the sole strain. This strain accumulated 32, 22, and 19 g/L of ethanol from 8% glucose, D-xylos...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260270417
更新日期:1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxygenases catalyze, among other interesting reactions, highly selective hydrocarbon oxyfunctionalizations, which are important in industrial organic synthesis but difficult to achieve by chemical means. Many enzymatic oxygenations have been described, but few of these have been scaled up to industrial scales, due to ...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.10637
更新日期:2003-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::Enzymatic depolymerization of polysaccharides with alpha-amylase has been studied in mixed aqueous dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)/water solvents. Polysaccharide substrate chemical compositions, configurational structures, and bonding pattersn are known to affect observed enzymatic reaction kinetics. The branching structures...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260460106
更新日期:1995-04-05 00:00:00
abstract::Penicillinase (beta-lactamase I, EC 3.5.2.6) secreted by Bacillus cereus, strain 569/H, was covalently attached to aminoethyl cellulose via glutaraldehyde. The immobilized derivative shows increased thermostability and decreased susceptibility to conformational changes induced by certain substrates of penicillinase. T...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260210512
更新日期:1979-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cellulolytic fungi, such as Trichoderma reesei, T. lignorum, and Chaetomium cellulolyticum reach a low packing density of mycelia when grown on straw under conditions of solid substrate fermentation. The low packing density is shown to be caused partially by the geometric limitation of the growth of mycelia in the sub...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260271209
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::An alkali stable polyamidase was isolated from a new strain of Nocardia farcinica. The enzyme consists of four subunits with a total molecular weight of 190 kDa. The polyamidase cleaved amide and ester bonds of water insoluble model substrates like adipic acid bishexylamide and bis(benzoyloxyethyl)terephthalate and hy...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.22139
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pretreatment plays an important role in the efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass into fermentable sugars for biofuels. A highly effective pretreatment method is reported for corn stover which combines mild alkali-extraction followed by ionic liquid (IL) dissolution of the polysaccharides and regeneration (recover...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.23281
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of new gene delivery technologies is a prerequisite towards gene therapy clinical trials. Because gene delivery mediated by viral vectors remains of limited scope due to immunological and propagation risks, the development of new non-viral gene delivery systems is of crucial importance. We have synthes...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Working conditions of a biochemical fuel cell formed by an oxygen cathode and a platinum bioanode in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae suspension metabolizing glucose are described. The biocell response in terms of bioanode potential and current drainage under different fermentation conditions is reported. A kinetic equation...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260171011
更新日期:1975-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effectively releasing the locked polysaccharides from recalcitrant lignocellulose to fermentable sugars is among the greatest technical and economic barriers to the realization of lignocellulose biorefineries because leading lignocellulose pre-treatment technologies suffer from low sugar yields, and/or severe reaction...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.21386
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The treatment of large segmental bone defects remains a challenge as infection, delayed union, and nonunion are common postoperative complications. A three-dimensional printed bioresorbable and physiologically load-sustaining graft substitute was developed to mimic native bone tissue for segmental bone repair. Fabrica...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.26780
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The key to achieving successful, reproducible results following the introduction of beneficial microbes into soil relies on the survival rate of the inoculated bacteria in a heterogeneous soil environment and hence an improved encapsulation method was developed. Owing to the constraints associated with the inoculum fo...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.20957
更新日期:2006-09-05 00:00:00
abstract::Steady-state simulations using our previously developed structured kinetic model of antibody synthesis and secretion by hybridoma cells are used here in conjunction with factorial design analysis to identify intracellular parameters important in determining the specific antibody secretion rate and predict the dependen...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260390302
更新日期:1992-02-05 00:00:00
abstract::RNA sequencing (RNASeq) has been widely used to associate alterations in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell gene expression with bioprocess phenotypes; however, alternative messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing, has thus far, received little attention. In this study, we utilized RNASeq for transcriptomic analysis of a monoclona...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.27365
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Addition of Tween 85 to aqueous suspensions of Anabaena variabilis induced photosynthetic evolution of hydrogen over a time span of several weeks: As much as 148 nmol H(2)/h . mg dry weight was produced in the first week by a suspension containing 4.2 mg dry weight of cells and 77 mM Tween 85. The chemical structure o...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260420812
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A facile methodology has been developed for covalently derivatizing the surfaces of common materials with a designed antibacterial polycation, poly(vinyl-N-pyridinium bromide), wherein the first, key step involves surface coating with a nanolayer of silica. Various commercial synthetic polymers derivatized in this man...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.10299
更新日期:2002-08-20 00:00:00
abstract::A soil with aged contamination from lubricating oil (LO) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was treated in a bioslurry reactor to investigate in-soil biosurfactant production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the most abundant indigenous, culturable, hydrocarbon-degrading microorganism. After 2 days of growth on LO, a depl...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.20295
更新日期:2004-12-30 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the present study is to demonstrate the use of controlled bioreactors for toxicological studies. As a model system the effect of linoleic acid on hybridoma cells is studied in two well-controlled continuously operated bioreactors placed in series. In the first reactor the effect on rapid proliferating cells...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.20897
更新日期:2006-10-20 00:00:00
abstract::The insect larvae/baculovirus protein production process was dramatically simplified by expressing fusion proteins containing green fluorescent protein (GFP) and the product-of-interest. In this case, human interleukin-2 (hIL-2) and chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase (CAT) were model products. Specifically, our fusion...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19991105)65:3<316::aid-bit
更新日期:1999-11-05 00:00:00
abstract::In the present investigation molecular sieve has been found to be a suitable carrier for the immobilization of enzymes. From the present study it may be specifically found that trypsin and pappain can be immobilized by molecular sieve type 4a following a very simple techniqure. The immobilized enzyme can be used both ...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260190902
更新日期:1977-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several synthetic metabolic pathways for butanol synthesis have been reported in Escherichia coli by modification of the native CoA-dependent pathway from selected Clostridium species. These pathways are all dependent on the O2 -sensitive AdhE2 enzyme from Clostridium acetobutylicum that catalyzes the sequential reduc...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.25324
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cells usually spread on a synthetic substrate through bonds between receptors and chemical groups on the substrate (ligands). Therefore, it is valuable to study the effects of the average number density of these chemical groups and the average distance between them to model and predict the cell behavior. Poly(ethylene...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.22889
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mobility of water in intact biofilms was measured with pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG-NMR) and used to characterise their diffusive properties. The results obtained with several well-defined systems, viz. pure water, agar, and agar containing inert particles or active bacteria were compared ...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19981105)60:3<283::aid-bit
更新日期:1998-11-05 00:00:00
abstract::Porcine pancreatic lipase and Fusarium solani cutinase were used to catalyze transesterification reactions between methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, and a series of primary alcohols at high temperatures in a continuous packed-bed gas-solid reactor, in which the solid phase is composed of the enzyme and the substrat...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260390415
更新日期:1992-02-20 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of the factors acetic acid, furfural, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid on the ethanol yield (YEtOH) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, bakers' yeast, S. cerevisiae ATCC 96581, and Candida shehatae NJ 23 was investigated using a 2(3)-full factorial design with 3 centrepoints. The results indicated that acetic acid inh...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19990405)63:1<46::aid-bit5
更新日期:1999-04-05 00:00:00