Abstract:
:Neural stem cells (NSCs) transplantation has been proposed as a means of restoring damaged brain tissue, a possibility rendered more likely by reports of low NSCs immunogenicity in various experimental models because of low expression of MHC class I and II as well as co-stimulatory molecules. We investigated the immunogenicity of a human NSC line grown in normal culture conditions and in the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha by one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) experiments with peripheral blood lymphocytes from eight HLA-incompatible donors. NSCs stimulated lymphocyte proliferation in almost all donors tested, with stimulation indices in the range of the low-end distribution curve of MLR between donors. The healthy subject that gave negative MLR results was the best compatible donor with respect to NSC haplotype. Since we observed low MLR responses overall, we studied if NSCs might exert any immunomodulatory activity. We detected transcription and release of the immunomodulatory molecule transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta)-1; moreover, the addition of TGF-beta1 in MLR experiments down-regulated proliferative responses. To further confirm the immunological potential of human NSCs, we studied xenogeneic recognition of NSCs by immunocompetent cells derived from C57BL/6 mice, showing that NSCs can elicit an allo(xeno) response ex vivo. Our data indicate that NSCs have low but not negligible immunogenic potential that is sufficient to activate peripheral lymphocytes. Secretion of TGF-beta1 might balance the immunogenicity of NSCs. Nevertheless, the possibility that allo-NSCs grafting might induce in the long term an immune activation, thus vanishing their therapeutical effect, should not be overlooked and deserves further investigation.
journal_name
Int Immunoljournal_title
International immunologyauthors
Ubiali F,Nava S,Nessi V,Frigerio S,Parati E,Bernasconi P,Mantegazza R,Baggi Fdoi
10.1093/intimm/dxm079subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-09-01 00:00:00pages
1063-74issue
9eissn
0953-8178issn
1460-2377pii
dxm079journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Dendritic cells (DC) are key players in the initiation and modulation of adaptive immune responses due to their ability to acquire and present antigen and stimulate T cells. For the induction of effector T cell functions, antigen must be presented by activated DC. In this study, we have compared uptake of antigen by m...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/dxp053
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Schnurri (Shn)-2 is a large zinc finger-containing protein, which plays a critical role in cell growth, signal transduction and lymphocyte development. In Shn-2-deficient (Shn-2(-/-)) CD4 T cells, the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB is up-regulated and their ability to differentiate into Th2 is enhanced. Here, we ...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/dxm042
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) are able to inhibit the intracellular growth of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv after activation with recombinant (r) IFN and growth inhibition is mediated by reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) derived from L-arginine. We now demonstrate that tum...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/6.5.693
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to develop predictive markers for a beneficial humoral immune response, we evaluated the in vivo and in vitro response to the pandemic (p)H1N1 vaccine in young and elderly individuals. We measured serum antibody response and associated this with the in vitro B-cell response to the vaccine, measured by activat...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/dxr123
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recombination activating genes Rag-1 and Rag-2 were isolated on the basis of their ability to confer V(D)J recombination activity when co-expressed in fibroblasts. The mode of action of the confer V(D)J recombination activity when co-expressed in fibroblasts. The mode of action of the products of these genes is not kn...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/5.2.231
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human CD83 is a cell surface protein expressed predominantly by dendritic cells (DC) and lymphoid cells. So far, there exists no information on the function and distribution of mCD83. Here we demonstrate that mCD83 is moderately expressed on resting T cells and DC, but strongly increases in its expression on T cells f...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/12.9.1347
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antigen-coupled antigen-presenting cells (APC) serve as potent tolerogens for inhibiting immune responses in vivo and in vitro, apparently by providing an antigen-specific signal through the TCR in the absence of co-stimulation. Although this approach has been well studied in rodents, little is known about its effects...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/12.1.57
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Linomide (LS-2616, quinoline-3-carboxamide) has strong immunomodulating effects in animal models, inhibiting toxic shock, progressive autoimmune disease and cancer. In humans, linomide strongly reduced the appearance of new lesions in multiple sclerosis yet enhanced immune responses after bone marrow transplantation. ...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/8.10.1603
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Macrophages are heterogeneous and plastic, and play several diverse functions in immune responses. Emerging data provide evidence of multiple roles for metabolic pathways in the control of macrophage effector functions. The diverse functions of macrophages are categorized into two main subsets: classical activated mac...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/intimm/dxaa017
更新日期:2020-06-26 00:00:00
abstract::The previously defined binding motif of MHC class I H-2Kd-restricted antigenic peptides consists of a Y residue in position P2 and a hydrophobic residue with a large aliphatic side chain (L, I, or V) in position P9/P10 of optimal 9- or 10-mer peptides. We show now that the presence of a charged or a F residue in posit...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/5.11.1489
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Liver and activation-regulated chemokine (LARC)/CCL20 is expressed by surface-lining epithelial and epidermal cells, and is likely to link innate and acquired immunity by attracting immature dendritic cells, effector memory T cells and B cells via CCR6. Here we examined the mechanism of LARC expression in epithelial-t...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/13.10.1255
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soluble recombinant (r) P-selectin and rP-selectin immobilized on plastic surfaces were tested for their capacity to activate neutrophils to produce superoxide anion. Soluble rP-selectin was incapable of activating leukocytes, whereas immobilized rP-selectin was able to induce leukocyte activation. When neutrophils we...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/12.4.487
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mounting evidence has demonstrated that NOD-Shi/scid/γc(null) (NOG) mice are one of the most suitable mouse strains for humanized mouse technologies, in which various human cells or tissues can be engrafted without rejection and autonomously maintained. We have characterized and analyzed various features of the human ...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/dxs045
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::During brain development, the generation of neurons and glial cells is rigorously regulated by diverse mechanisms including the immune system. Dysfunction of the developing system results in the onset of neurodevelopmental disorders and psychological disorders. Recent studies have demonstrated that the immune system i...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/intimm/dxy041
更新日期:2018-09-25 00:00:00
abstract::In humans, the thymus is the primary lymphoid organ able to support the development of T cells through its three-dimensional (3D) organization of the thymic stromal cells. Since a remarkable number of similarities are shared between the thymic epithelial cells (TECs) and skin-derived keratinocytes and fibroblasts, in ...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/dxt035
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::IL-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in NK cell activation and T(h)1 response. IL-18 has a structural homology to IL-1, particularly IL-1beta. IL-18R, composed of IL-1R-related protein (IL-18Ralpha) and IL-1R accessory protein-like (IL-18Rbeta), belongs to the IL-1R family. Furthermore, IL-...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/12.2.151
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously shown that the surface alphabeta T cell antigen receptor (TCR).CD3 complex borne by human CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes can be distinguished using mAbs. Using two unrelated sets of antibodies, we have now extended this finding to the surface alphabetaTCR.CD3 of seven additional mammalian species (...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/dxn081
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dendritic cells (DC) are highly potent activators of the immune response. The precise mechanisms that give rise to the DC phenotype are not known. To investigate the mechanisms that contribute to the generation of the DC phenotype, precursor DC were freshly isolated from human blood and allowed to mature in vitro. The...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/10.11.1713
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::NK cells limit the emergence of cancers and viral infections by surveillance of 'missing-self' and 'induced-self' ligands, and by direct recognition of pathogen-associated molecules. We examined individual roles for Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-7 and -8 in human NK-cell activation using synthetic, small molecule agonist...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/dxl046
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toll-like receptors (TLRs) traffic to distinct membranes for signaling. TLR7 and TLR9 recognize viral nucleic acids in the endosomes and induce robust anti-viral program. Signaling from these TLRs bifurcate at the level of distinct endosomal compartments, namely VAMP3(+) and LAMP(+) endosomes, to mediate the induction...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/dxv021
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A Plasmodium falciparum schizont lysate has been previously described as being a powerful inducer of proliferation for human peripheral T lymphocytes. In this report we study the phenotype of cycling T cells from unexposed donors and examine how the P. falciparum lysate compares with the conventional T cell mitogen ph...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/4.3.361
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Organs of transgenic pigs that express human complement regulatory proteins are under assessment as an alternative to transplantation. A major barrier to the transplantation of pig organs is the hyperacute rejection caused by pre-existing antibodies and complement. Pig cells are very susceptible to human complement, p...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/9.6.869
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired type hemolytic disorder. Hematopoietic cells of patients with PNH are deficient in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored membrane proteins. Since some membrane-bound complement inhibitors, such as CD59 and decay accelerating factor (DAF), are GPI anchored ...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/4.11.1263
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Members of protein kinase D (PKD) family serine/threonine kinases (PKD1, PKD2 and PKD3) are expressed in wide range of cells and regulate various cellular responses including immune responses. We have previously shown that PKD is involved in the signaling pathways of a human CD4(+) T cell clone stimulated with its cog...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/dxl108
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quantitative expression of class I genes varies widely in different tissues, during development and in some neoplastic cells. Regulatory DNA sequences controlling levels of transcription of class I genes have been characterized in the murine and swine promoters. Although some regulatory features appear to be retained ...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/6.10.1485
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metazoan species, from sponges to insects and mammals, possess successful defence systems against their pathogens and parasites. The evolutionary origins of these diverse systems are beginning to be more comprehensively investigated and mapped out. We have collected 1811 metazoan immunity genes from literature and gen...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/dxm109
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R) is composed of at least two polypeptides--a 55 kd protein (the L chain, p55, or alpha chain) and a 75 kd protein (the H chain, p75 or beta chain). The high-affinity binding of IL-2 results in the formation of a ternary complex consisting of IL-2 and the L and H chains. We found that ...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/2.12.1167
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A central tenet of vaccine development is to identify immune correlates of protection. Both plasmid-encoded gD as well as recombinant protein gD can protect mice from lethal herpes simplex virus (HSV) challenge. It is known that different vaccine modalities should induce different immune phenotypes. Yet, paradoxically...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/11.11.1763
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::IL-12 has been shown to play a central role in cell-mediated inflammatory reactions through direct activation of T cells and NK cells. IL-12 also strongly influences humoral immunity but these effects have been thought to be indirect and caused by intermediary cytokines. Using flow cytometry, we now show that IL-12 di...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/8.12.1955
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) in respiratory tract tissues provide a first line of defense against invading pathogens. These cells often secrete IgA that is efficiently transcytosed across epithelial barriers into the airway lumen where pathogens can be blocked at their point of entry. Previous literature has report...
journal_title:International immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/intimm/dxw035
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00