Neuromodulation of central pattern generators in invertebrates and vertebrates.

abstract：:The basal ganglia, with their inhibitory efferents, control motor outputs either directly by their projections to the midbrain motor regions or indirectly through the thalamic nuclei. Neural mechanisms in the basal ganglia act selectively to remove or enhance the inhibition so that different combinations of motor sign...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Hikosaka O

更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recent application of molecular biological techniques to taste cells has led to the identification and cloning of a number of proteins that are involved in signal transduction. Some of these are expressed only in taste cells, whereas others are expressed at higher levels in taste cells than in other, non-sensory l...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Margolskee RF

更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Schizophrenia is a disorder of cognitive neurodevelopment. At least some of the core cognitive deficits of the illness appear to be the product of impaired gamma frequency oscillations which depend, in part, on the inhibitory actions of a subpopulation of cortical GABA neurons that express the calcium binding protein ...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Lewis DA

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sensory neurons are usually described with an encoding model, for example, a function that predicts their response from the sensory stimulus using a receptive field (RF) or a tuning curve. However, central to theories of sensory processing is the notion of 'efficient coding'. We argue here that efficient coding implie...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Deneve S,Chalk M

更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:At least one non-human primate species-the marmoset monkey-exhibits developmental processes similar to human vocal development. These processes include babbling-like early vocal output and a role for social feedback in changing this output into mature-sounding vocalizations. Such parallel behaviors provide a window th...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Ghazanfar AA,Zhang YS

更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite considerable effort over a century and the benefit of remarkable technical advances in the past few decades, we are still far from understanding mammalian cerebral neocortex. With its six layers, modular architecture, canonical circuits, innumerable cell types, and computational complexity, isocortex remains a...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Fournier J,Müller CM,Laurent G

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pruning, a process by which neurons selectively remove exuberant or unnecessary processes without causing cell death, is crucial for the establishment of mature neural circuits during animal development. Yet relatively little is known about molecular and cellular mechanisms that govern neuronal pruning. Holometabolous...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Yu F,Schuldiner O

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurons utilize mRNA transport and local translation as a means to influence development and plasticity. The molecular mechanisms for this mRNA sorting involve the recognition of cis-acting sequences by distinct mRNA binding proteins that have a dual role, acting in both mRNA transport and translational regulation. Ot...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Bassell GJ,Kelic S

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Developing axons appear to navigate to their targets partly in response to long-range diffusible chemoattractants secreted by target cells. The past year has seen the identification of the first target-derived attractants for developing axons, the netrins. Target-derived diffusible factors have also been implicated in...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Kennedy TE,Tessier-Lavigne M

更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neural oscillations are ubiquitous in olfactory systems of mammals, insects and molluscs. Neurophysiological and computational investigations point to common mechanisms for gamma or odor associated oscillations across phyla (40-100Hz in mammals, 20-30Hz in insects, 0.5-1.5Hz in molluscs), engaging the reciprocal dendr...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Kay LM

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The search for quantifiable biological mediators of genetic risk or 'intermediate phenotypes' is an essential strategy in psychiatric neuroscience and a useful tool for exploring the complex relationships between genes, neural circuits and behaviors. In recent years, the examination of connectivity-based intermediate ...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Cao H,Dixson L,Meyer-Lindenberg A,Tost H

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many constituents of Wnt signaling pathways are expressed in the developing and mature nervous systems. Recent work has shown that Wnt signaling controls initial formation of the neural plate and many subsequent patterning decisions in the embryonic nervous system, including formation of the neural crest. Wnt signalin...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Patapoutian A,Reichardt LF

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Perception, action, cognition, and emotion can now be mapped in the brain by a growing family of techniques. Positron emission tomography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, event-related electrical potentials, event-related magnetic fields, and other non-invasive imaging techniques are rapidly evolving and provid...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Fox PT,Woldorff MG

更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human children benefit from a possibly unique set of adaptations facilitating the acquisition of knowledge about material culture. They represent artifacts (human-made objects) as tools with specific functions and seek for functional information about novel objects. Even young infants pay attention to functionally rel...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Hernik M,Csibra G

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Coordinated excitatory and inhibitory activity is required for proper brain functioning. Recent computational and experimental studies have demonstrated that activity patterns in recurrent cortical networks are dominated by inhibition. Whereas previous studies have suggested that inhibitory plasticity is important for...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Herstel LJ,Wierenga CJ

更新日期：2020-08-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Thermal information about skin surface temperature is a key sense for the perception of object identity and valence. The identification of ion channels involved in the transduction of thermal changes has provided a genetic access point to the thermal system. However, from sensory specific 'labeled-lines' to multimodal...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Bokiniec P,Zampieri N,Lewin GR,Poulet JF

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The large capacity of episodic memory is thought to be supported by the emergence of distinct hippocampal cell assemblies for unrelated memories, such that interference is minimized. In large-scale population recordings, the orthogonal nature of hippocampal representations across environments is evident in the complet...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Sasaki T,Leutgeb S,Leutgeb JK

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Accurate neural crest cell (NCC) migration requires tight control of cell adhesions, cytoskeletal dynamics and cell motility. Cadherins and RhoGTPases are critical molecular players that regulate adhesions and motility during initial delamination of NCCs from the neuroepithelium. Recent studies have revealed multiple ...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Clay MR,Halloran MC

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cloning of the Huntington's disease gene uncovered huntingtin, which is remarkable for its lack of similarity with known proteins despite its large size, approximately 350 kDa. Subsequent experiments established that huntingtin has an as yet unknown function, crucial for embryonic development and neurogenesis. Recent ...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Gusella JF,MacDonald ME

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review focuses on the neurobiological processes involved in achieving successful abstinence from drugs of abuse. While there is clinical and public health value in knowing if the deficits associated with drug use correct with abstinence, studying the neurobiology that underlies successful abstinence can also illu...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Garavan H,Brennan KL,Hester R,Whelan R

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The lateral line system is simple (comprising six cell types), its sense organs form according to a defined and reproducible pattern, and its neurons are easily visualized. In the zebrafish, these advantages can be combined with a wealth of genetic tools, making this system ideally suited to a combined molecular, cell...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Ghysen A,Dambly-Chaudière C

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ample evidence suggests that upon their retrieval, items in long-term memory enter a transient special state, in which they might become prone to change. The process that generates this state is dubbed 'reconsolidation'. The dominant conceptual framework in this revitalized field of memory research focuses on whether ...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Dudai Y

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Our ability to learn and control the motor aspects of complex laryngeal behaviors, such as speech and song, is modulated by the laryngeal motor cortex (LMC), which is situated in the area 4 of the primary motor cortex and establishes both direct and indirect connections with laryngeal motoneurons. In contrast, the LMC...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Simonyan K

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:New discoveries challenge the long-held view that aging is characterized by progressive loss and decline. Evidence for functional reorganization, compensation and effective interventions holds promise for a more optimistic view of neurocognitive status in later life. Complexities associated with assigning function to ...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Reuter-Lorenz PA,Lustig C

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:How does auditory cortex represent auditory stimuli, and how do these representations contribute to behavior? Recent experimental evidence suggests that activity in auditory cortex consists of sparse and highly synchronized volleys of activity, observed both in anesthetized and awake animals. Many neurons are capable ...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Hromádka T,Zador AM

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent data show that the ventral premotor cortex in both humans and monkeys has motor and cognitive functions. The cognitive functions include space perception, action understanding and imitation. The data also show a clear functional homology between monkey area F5 and human area 44. Preliminary evidence suggests th...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Rizzolatti G,Fogassi L,Gallese V

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent experiments on the retina have examined the effectiveness of various factors (e.g. growth factors, neurotrophins and cytokines) for enhancing survival and reducing injury of retinal neurons, such as photoreceptors and ganglion cells, whose death leads to blindness in degenerative retinal diseases. It has also b...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Steinberg RH

更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the past years, major advances have been made in understanding the sequential events involved in neural plate patterning. Positional information is already conferred to cells of the neural plate at the time of its induction in the ectoderm. The interplay between the BMP- and the Fgf- signaling pathways leads to...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Rhinn M,Picker A,Brand M

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The importance of the medial temporal lobe to episodic memory has been recognized for decades. Recent human fMRI findings have begun to delineate the functional roles of different MTL regions, most notably the hippocampus, for the retrieval of episodic memories. Importantly, these studies have also identified a networ...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Rugg MD,Vilberg KL

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Plasma membrane neurotransmitter transporters for monoamines, GABA, glycine and excitatory amino acids are homologous to two sizable families of bacterial amino acid transporters. Recently, a high resolution structure was determined for a thermophilic glutamate transporter. Also, a bacterial tryptophan transporter rel...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Sonders MS,Quick M,Javitch JA

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00