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Family discord, parental depression, and psychopathology in offspring: 20-year follow-up.

Abstract：

OBJECTIVE:To determine the independent effects of parental depression and family discord on offspring psychopathology among children at high and low risk of depression. METHOD:Family discord factors were assessed when subjects were approximately 17 years old, and offspring diagnoses were assessed about 20 years later. Parental and offspring psychopathology was assessed by interviewers blind to parents' clinical status. The following dimensions of family discord were assessed: poor marital adjustment, parent child discord, low family cohesion, affectionless control, and parental divorce. RESULTS:Most family discord factors were associated with parental depression. Among children of depressed parents, none of the measures of family discord had a statistically significant association with offspring major depressive disorder or anxiety disorders. Among children of nondepressed parents, parental affectionless control was associated with an almost fivefold increased risk of major depressive disorder (odds ratio [OR] = 4.8; p < or = .05) and with more than a 14-fold increased risk of substance use disorders (OR = 14.3; p < or = .01). CONCLUSIONS:Parental depression is associated with family discord and is a consistent risk factor for offspring major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders, as shown over a 20-year follow-up of offspring of depressed and nondepressed parents. Family discord factors may be a risk factor for major depressive disorder and substance use disorders in offspring of nondepressed parents.

journal_name

J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry

journal_title

Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

authors

Pilowsky DJ,Wickramaratne P,Nomura Y,Weissman MM

doi

10.1097/01.chi.0000198592.23078.8d

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2006-04-01 00:00:00

pages

452-60

issue

4

eissn

0890-8567

issn

1527-5418

pii

S0890-8567(09)62065-7

journal_volume

45

pub_type

杂志文章

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