Abstract:
:In an unprecedented approach to viral discovery, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) was cloned before it was established by conventional methods of viral detection or by genomic characterization. Hepatitis C virus is a small (10-kb), single-stranded RNA virus with a genomic organization that places it in the family Flaviviridae. The virus is global in distribution, with a prevalence between 0.3% and 1.5%. The same agent causes parenterally acquired and sporadic non-A, non-B hepatitis. Nonparenteral modes of spread are poorly defined, but low-level sexual transmission is probable. There is a strong association between the presence of antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) and hepatocellular carcinoma; a causal role for HCV is suspected but has not been proved. Hepatitis C virus accounts for at least 85% of the cases of transfusion-associated hepatitis; an anti-HCV-reactive donor was retrospectively identified in nearly 90% of cases. Among donors confirmed by recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) to be anti-HCV positive, 80% to 90% are infectious. Hepatitis C virus RNA can be detected within 1 to 2 weeks of exposure and persists throughout the course of infection. Generally, the presence of anti-HCV cannot be confirmed until 9 to 20 weeks after exposure, creating a window period of seronegativity and potential infectivity. It is anticipated that the anti-HCV assay will reduce the number of cases of transfusion-associated hepatitis by 50% in the United States; a 70% reduction has been documented in Spain.
journal_name
Ann Intern Medjournal_title
Annals of internal medicineauthors
Alter HJdoi
10.7326/0003-4819-115-8-644subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-10-15 00:00:00pages
644-9issue
8eissn
0003-4819issn
1539-3704journal_volume
115pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::This statement summarizes the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations on screening for family and intimate partner violence, based on the USPSTF's examination of evidence specific to family and intimate partner violence, and updates the 1996 recommendations on this topic. In 1996, the USPSTF found...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 指南,杂志文章,实务指引
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-140-5-200403020-00014
更新日期:2004-03-02 00:00:00
abstract::Two patients with profound decrease of alpha1-antitrypsin (PiZZ) presented with severe pannicultis (Weber-Christian disease); one had systemic panniculitis including pancreatitis. Another possible case is quoted from the literature. Although milder forms of panniculitis can have normal Pi phenotypes and alpha1-antitry...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-86-6-742
更新日期:1977-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasma lipids were measured in 78 uremic patients receiving either chronic peritoneal dialysis or haemodialysis. Type IV hyperlipemia was found in 60% of patients. The lipid level was not influenced by dietary habits or patient's age. Patients on chronic peritoneal dialysis had a significantly higher and more sustaine...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-85-1-29
更新日期:1976-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Between September 1972 and January 1976 an outbreak of dialysis dementia affected 20 patients maintained by long-term hemodialysis. The clinical picture was characterized by an insidious onset of altered behaviour, dementia, speech disturbance, myoclonus, and convulsions. Nineteen patients died, but one patient has su...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-88-4-502
更新日期:1978-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A lack of national health goals has allowed physician manpower policy to be dominated by an expansionist philosophy. Scarce resources have been channeled into the production of specialist physicians trained to provide complex and expensive care for uncommon diseases, using other scare and expensive resources and addin...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-90-2-249
更新日期:1979-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although thyroid nodules are common, few are malignant and require surgical treatment. A systematic approach to their evaluation is important to avoid unnecessary surgery. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy has resulted in substantial improvements in diagnostic accuracy, cost reductions, and higher malignancy yield at time...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-142-11-200506070-00011
更新日期:2005-06-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Homeless persons have high mortality rates. OBJECTIVE:To ascertain causes of death in a group of homeless persons. DESIGN:Cohort study. PATIENTS:17,292 adults seen by the Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program from 1988 to 1993. MEASUREMENTS:Cause-specific mortality rates adjusted for race and rate ...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-126-8-199704150-00007
更新日期:1997-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Elevated serum digoxin concentrations and clinical toxicity have been reported in patients receiving quinidine. The present study was undertaken to ascertain whether a similar interaction occurs between quinidine and another cardiac glycoside, digitoxin, and if so to evaluate the pharmacokinetic basis in five healthy ...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-94-1-35
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl) guanine (ganciclovir) was used to treat 41 patients (median age, 37 years) with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and cytomegalovirus gastrointestinal infection. Sites of infection were the colon in 31, the esophagus in 5, the rectum in 4, and the small bowel in 1. Patients recei...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-107-2-133
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In two patients with thyroiditis caused by Coccidioides immitis, presented thyroid symptoms and findings were characteristic of subacute thyroiditis. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid proved useful in establishing the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis. This is the first report of coccidioidomycosis presenting...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-91-3-409
更新日期:1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Relapsing polychondritis, an uncommon, chronic, multisystem disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of inflammation of cartilaginous tissues, can be life-threatening, debilitating, and difficult to diagnose. This review is based on the authors' experience with 36 patients with relapsing polychondritis who were fo...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-129-2-199807150-00011
更新日期:1998-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Exercise rehabilitation programs increase treadmill walking performance in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and intermittent claudication. However, it is unknown whether patients with PAD who walk for exercise regularly have less functional decline than those with less walking activity. OBJEC...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-144-1-200601030-00005
更新日期:2006-01-03 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the efficacy and safety of fluconazole treatment of coccidioidal meningitis. DESIGN:Uncontrolled clinical trial. SETTING:Four university-based treatment centers in California, Arizona, and Texas. Most therapy was conducted without hospitalization. PATIENTS:Fifty consecutive patients with activ...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-119-1-199307010-00005
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Meningitis caused by enteric gram-negative bacilli is relatively uncommon but is very difficult to treat despite susceptibility in vitro to many antimicrobics. A major problem appears to be poor entry of many drugs into the central nervous system. Moxalactam is an investigational cephalosporin that attains concentrati...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-95-3-302
更新日期:1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tissues from guinea pigs inoculated intraperitoneally with the Legionnaires' disease (LD) bacterium were studied with light, immunofluorescent, and electron microscopy. The principal gross lesion was diffuse peritonitis of varying severity. Microscopically, the peritonitis of covered by a mixed inflammatory infiltrate...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-90-4-671
更新日期:1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:SOURCE CITATION:Mahady SE, Margolis KL, Chan A, et al. Major GI bleeding in older persons using aspirin: incidence and risk factors in the ASPREE randomised controlled trial. Gut. 2020. [Epub ahead of print.] 32747412. ...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/ACPJ202101190-004
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::HemoQuant, an assay based on heme-derived porphyrin, quantifies both total fecal hemoglobin ant that fraction already converted to porphyrin by gut flora (the intestinal converted fraction). Recovery by HemoQuant of blood added to stools exceeded 99% and was not affected by ascorbic acid, iron, or other additives. Hem...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-101-3-297
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four hemodialysis patients receiving deferoxamine for metal overload had fatal rhinocerebral rhizopus infections. Serious fungal infections are not commonly seen in patients on dialysis, and none of these patients had the usual risk factors for rhizopus infection. Deferoxamine is being used with increased frequency in...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-107-5-678
更新日期:1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polysaccharide vaccines against diseases caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A and C meningococci are now licensed in the United States. They are prepared as monovalent and as bivalent antigens. This statement summarizes available information on these antigen and offers guidance regarding their role in the con...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1976-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Levels of circulating platelet aggregates and plasma beta-thromboglobulin reflect the degree of platelet activation in vascular injury and repair. Both values were evaluated in 38 patients with scleroderma and 18 control subjects matched for age, sex, and race. Circulating platelet aggregates (expressed as percentage ...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-96-5-610
更新日期:1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four hundred sixty patients and staff from 15 U.S. dialysis centers were surveyed by the immune adherence hemagglutination technique for antibody to hepatitis A antigen (anti-HA). The age-standardized anti-HA prevalence was 42.9% in patients and 42.1% in staff. These rates are almost identical to those of socioeconomi...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-87-1-8
更新日期:1977-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The long-term risk for fatal pulmonary embolism (PE) after treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) may be an important factor in the decision to discontinue this treatment. OBJECTIVE:To provide reliable and precise estimates of the annual risk for fatal PE and the case-fatality rate of disease recurrence ...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-147-11-200712040-00007
更新日期:2007-12-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Indinavir, a protease inhibitor widely used to treat patients with HIV infection, has been associated with nephrolithiasis. Distinctive urinary crystals and a spectrum of urologic disorders were noted in patients receiving indinavir. OBJECTIVE:To determine the composition of urinary crystals and the frequen...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-127-2-199707150-00004
更新日期:1997-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Asthma is characterized by inflammation, reversible airway obstruction, and increased airway responsiveness to various stimuli. It has received wide public attention in recent years because of increasing morbidity and deaths, particularly among black persons. The important role of inflammation in the immunopathogenesi...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 共识发展会议,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-121-9-199411010-00011
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the incidence and symptoms of and risk factors for biliary sludge and gallstones during pregnancy and to assess the natural history of these conditions in the first year after delivery. DESIGN:Cohort study. PATIENTS:A total of 272 pregnant women recruited in the first trimester. MEASUREMENTS:Bi...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-119-2-199307150-00004
更新日期:1993-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Screening for hereditary hemochromatosis is traditionally done by using serum iron studies. However, mutation analysis of the hemochromatosis-associated HFE gene has recently become available. OBJECTIVE:To compare the cost-effectiveness of no screening with four screening strategies that incorporate HFE gen...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-132-4-200002150-00003
更新日期:2000-02-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite convincing evidence that lowering blood pressure decreases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, the hypertension burden remains high and control rates are poor in developing countries. OBJECTIVE:To assess the effectiveness of 2 community-based interventions on blood pressure in hypertensive adult...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-9-200911030-00004
更新日期:2009-11-03 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In AIDS, nodular skin disease can result from various causes. OBJECTIVE:To report a new manifestation of microsporidial infection presenting as nodular skin disease with underlying osteomyelitis. DESIGN:Case report. SETTING:Tertiary-care military medical center in Washington, D.C. PATIENT:A 36-year-old w...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-128-11-199806010-00009
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is well recognized that physicians' relationships with their patients can have healing effects, but the skills in this area of medical practice are understudied. This article reports on research designed to identify a core set of healing skills. The authors interviewed 50 practitioners, who were identified by their...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-149-10-200811180-00006
更新日期:2008-11-18 00:00:00
abstract::Adult T-cell leukemia associated with human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is characterized by a clonal expansion of a CD4-positive subset of T lymphocytes that constitutively express high numbers of interleukin-2 receptors and that frequently infiltrate the skin; osteolytic bone lesions, and hypercalcemia. Usi...
journal_title:Annals of internal medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.7326/0003-4819-109-4-274
更新日期:1988-08-15 00:00:00