Abstract：
:Exposure to high levels of manganese (Mn) results in a neurological disorder, termed manganism, which shares a similar phenotype to Parkinson's disease due to the involvement of the basal ganglia circuitry in both. The initial symptoms of manganism are likely due to the involvement of the globus pallidus, a region rich in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) projections, while those of Parkinson's disease are related to the degeneration of the substantia nigra, a dopaminergic nucleus. Additionally, it is known that glutamate regulation is affected by increases in brain Mn levels. As Mn predominantly accumulates in the basal ganglia, it potentially could affect the regulation and interactions of all three neurotransmitters. This review will focus on the circuitry of these neurotransmitters within the basal ganglia and address potential sites for, as well as the temporal relationship, between Mn exposure and changes in the levels of these neurotransmitters. While most research has focused on perturbations in the dopaminergic system, there is evidence to support that early consequences of manganism also include disturbances in GABA regulation as well as glutamatergic-related excitotoxicity. Finally, we suggest that current research focus on the interdependence of these basal ganglial neurochemicals, with a greater emphasis on the GABAergic and glutamatergic systems.
journal_name
Neurochem Intjournal_title
Neurochemistry internationalauthors
Fitsanakis VA,Au C,Erikson KM,Aschner Mdoi
10.1016/j.neuint.2005.10.012subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-05-01 00:00:00pages
426-33issue
6-7eissn
0197-0186issn
1872-9754pii
S0197-0186(06)00033-7journal_volume
48pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The coenzyme functions of the B vitamins in intermediatry metabolism are well established; nevertheless, for none of them is it possible to determine precisely the connection between the biochemical lesions associated with deficiency and the neurological consequences. Although there is convincing evidence of a neurosp...
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journal_title：Neurochemistry international
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2006.06.008
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journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Neurochemistry international
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journal_title：Neurochemistry international
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journal_title：Neurochemistry international
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journal_title：Neurochemistry international
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Neurochemistry international
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journal_title：Neurochemistry international
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