Abstract：
:Glycine can be substrate for two transporters: GlyT1, largely expressed by astrocytes but also by some non-glycinergic neurons, and GlyT2, most frequently present in glycine-storing nerve endings. In morphological studies, GlyT2 expression had been found to be restricted to caudal regions, being almost undetectable in neocortex and hippocampus. Here, we compared the uptake activities of GlyT1 and GlyT2 in synaptosomes purified from mouse spinal cord, cerebellum, neocortex and hippocampus. Although, as expected, [(3)H]glycine uptake was significantly lower in telencephalic than in caudal regions, selective GlyT2-mediated uptake could be evaluated in all areas. Appropriately, [(3)H]glycine selectively taken up into hippocampal synaptosomes through GlyT2 could be subsequently released by exocytosis. Native GlyT2, which did not contribute to basal release from cerebellum or spinal cord nerve terminals, could mediate release of [(3)H]glycine by transporter reversal in synaptosomes exposed to veratridine. Moreover, GlyT2 transporters could perform Na(+)-dependent homoexchange in response to externally added glycine. In conclusion, transporters of the GlyT2 type exhibited significant uptake also in telencephalic regions, probably because of the elevated driving force related to their stoichiometry. Although glycine release through GlyT2 had been predicted to be a very difficult process, GlyT2 expressed on isolated glycinergic nerve terminals can perform both release by transporter reversal and homoexchange.
journal_name
Neurochem Intjournal_title
Neurochemistry internationalauthors
Romei C,Raiteri Ldoi
10.1016/j.neuint.2016.07.001subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-10-01 00:00:00pages
169-177eissn
0197-0186issn
1872-9754pii
S0197-0186(16)30090-0journal_volume
99pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:It has been reported that skin/muscle incision and retraction (SMIR) in the thigh, produces mechanical allodynia in the hind paw, far from the site of incision/retraction. The mechanical allodynia lasts about 22 days, indicating chronic post-operative pain develops. The precise mechanisms, however, are largely unclear...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2019.04.002
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biochemical abnormalities have been implicated in possible mechanisms underlying the epileptic phenomena. Some of these alterations include changes in the activity of several enzymes present in epileptic tissues. Systemic administration of pilocarpine in rats induces electrographic and behavioral limbic seizures and s...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(95)00153-0
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Succinyl-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide (Suc-LLVY-MCA) hydrolyzing activities of the 20S and 26S proteasomes in the gerbil cortex following transient forebrain ischemia were examined. Using extraction solutions without ATP, only 20S proteasome activity was noted after separation with glycerol gradient centri...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(95)00071-2
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study we determined the changes in the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration, associated with the inhibitory modulation of the exocytotic release of GABA by GABAB receptor activation in rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes. We observed that SK&F 97541 and (-)baclofen both act as agonists of the presynaptic GABAB r...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(95)00021-y
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stroke causes neuronal cell death and destruction of neuronal circuits in the brain and spinal cord. Injury to the brain tissue induces sterile inflammation triggered by the extracellular release of endogenous molecules, but cerebral inflammation after stroke is gradually resolved within several days. In this pro-reso...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2018.10.013
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Age-related and aged memory deficit changes in Nestin-immunoreactive (Nestin-IR) neurons were studied following recent evidence of distinct Nestin-IR neurons within adult rat basal forebrain. Morris water maze task assessed spatial learning capacity of 3- and 24-month rats (aged-impaired and aged-unimpaired groups). N...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2008.08.006
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It was shown previously that pure oligodendrocytes release proteins when maintained in a chemically defined medium. Among these proteins, a 53 kDa glycoprotein was characterized as a component accessible from the external surface of these glial cells. Specific antibodies directed against this glycoprotein were obtaine...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(88)90101-5
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of different dietary fats with varying degrees of unsaturation and essential fatty acid composition, which are commonly consumed in India, on the activity of some important membrane-bound enzymes was assessed in different brain regions of rat. Four groups of male CFY weanling rats were fed nutritionally ade...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0197-0186(97)00037-5
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although the mechanism of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is not clearly known, its effects on hormones have been widely studied. However, there are controversies about the effect of ECT on blood glucose level. In addition, the possible effects of ECT on the blood cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglyceride levels are ign...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2012.07.013
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuroinflammation is an important factor contributing to cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), ischemic injury, and multiple sclerosis (MS). These diseases are characterized by inexorable progressive injur...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104714
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Manganese (Mn) is a widely distributed trace element that is essential for normal brain function and development. However, chronic exposure to excessive Mn has been known to lead to neuronal loss and manganism, a disease with debilitating motor and cognitive deficits, whose clinical syndrome resembling idiopathic Park...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2017.02.008
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a growing body of evidence on the role of nitric oxide (NO) in retinal physiology. Recently, interest has developed in the functional role of an alternative redox form of NO, namely nitroxyl (HNO/NO(-)), because it is formed by a number of diverse biochemical reactions. The aim of the present report was to co...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2007.04.015
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To elucidate the role of Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (K(Ca)) channels in the presynaptic acetylcholine (ACh) release from splanchnic nerve endings and the postsynaptic catecholamine release from chromaffin cells, we applied microdialysis technique to the left adrenal medulla of anesthetized rats and investigated the effects...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2009.10.010
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:ATPase activities in CNS membranes were studied after administration of desipramine (DMI), a noradrenaline (NA) uptake inhibitor. In a previous paper we reported that Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity significantly increased 3 h after DMI administration (10 mg/kg) in hypothalamus and mesencephalus but not in cerebral cortex an...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(94)90133-3
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of thyroid deficiency on the activity of glutamine synthetase (GS) and the number of glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein containing cells (the markers for astroglial cells) and on the 2?, 3?-cyclic nucleotide 3?-phosphohydrolase (CNPase) activity (the marker for oligodendroglial cells) were studied in th...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(89)90107-1
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interactions between endothelin-1 (ET)-induced phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis and agents that increase Ca2+ influx (i.e. A23187 and ionomycin) or induce depolarization (i.e. KCl) were investigated using C6 glioma. A23187 dose-dependently potentiated ET (30 nM)- and ATP (100 microM)-induced [3H]inositol phosphate (IP...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(92)90161-j
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The disposition of labelled [3H]GM1lactone, the inner ester of ganglioside GM1, was studied in the rat. After i.v. administration [3H]GM1lactone was quickly converted to its corresponding open form most likely by plasma esterases, and then displayed a pharmacokinetic profile identical to [3H]GM1. Following intramuscul...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(92)90050-2
更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Local excitation of the hippocampus with N- methyl- d,l -aspartic acid caused a rapid release of specific proteins into the extracellular fluid. The proteins were recovered from the effluent of a small implanted tubing, permeable to macromolecules, and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulphate electrophoresis. ...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0197-0186(86)90031-8
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:GABA is catabolized in the mitochondrial matrix through the GABA shunt, encompassing transamination to succinic semialdehyde followed by oxidation to succinate by the concerted actions of GABA transaminase (GABA-T) and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH), respectively. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a neurotra...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2017.03.008
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The phosphorylation of proteins on tyrosine residues, initially believed to be primarily involved in cell growth and differentiation, is now recognized as having a critical role in regulating the function of mature cells. The brain exhibits one of the highest levels of tyrosine kinase activity in the adult animal and ...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0197-0186(97)00022-3
更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin-1 (PS-1) are not only of importance for the normal functioning of the various neurons, but also play central roles in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Through the use of immunohistochemical and Western blot techniques, the bidirectional axonal transport o...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0197-0186(02)00014-1
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:D-aspartate is present in significant concentrations throughout the nervous tissue but its physiological role is still under discussion. Here, we report the process of d-aspartate release in retinal cells. [(3)H]-d-aspartate release occurs through a glutamate/aspartate exchange mechanism using excitatory amino acid tr...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2011.03.001
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Iron accumulation is considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. To demonstrate the relationship between peripheral iron overload and dopaminergic neuron loss in rat substantia nigra (SN), in the present study we used fast cyclic voltammetry, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry, Pe...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2007.03.006
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The opening of pannexin-1 (Px1) hemichannels is regulated by the activity of P2X(7) receptors (P2X(7)Rs). At present, however, little is known about how extracellular ATP-sensitive P2X(7)Rs regulates the opening and closure of Px1 hemichannels. Several lines of evidence suggest that P2X(7)Rs are activated under pathol...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2010.12.013
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the vesicular accumulation of the excitatory amino-acid (EAA) neurotransmitters, L-glutamate and L-aspartate, together with the non-metabolisable EAA analogue D-aspartate. Synaptosomes derived from whole brain were incubated in various concentrations of [3H]-amino acids under conditions to facilitate vesic...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0197-0186(01)00018-3
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To clarify molecular mechanism for sustained activation of gamma protein kinase C (gammaPKC), a neuron-specific subtype, we investigated the involvement of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) products in the membrane association of gammaPKC upon activation of G protein coupled purinoceptors in CHO-K1 and NG 108-15 cells. In addit...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2003.12.006
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diabetic mice exhibit increased mortality and morbidity following stroke. Recent studies from our laboratory have indicated that increased morbidity in diabetic db/db mice relative to their non-diabetic db/+ littermates is associated with increased levels of MMP-9 protease activity, increased blood-brain barrier (BBB)...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104790
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The presence of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) mRNA and activity in the tissues and cells involved in immune responses prompted us to investigate the level and pattern of AChE components in spleen. AChE activity was higher in mouse spleen (0.46 +/- 0.13 micromol of acetylthiocholine split per hour and per mg protein) tha...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2003.11.019
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To identify whether the process of apoptosis bears a topographic relationship to selected aspects of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, we used an in situ nick translation method (TUNEL) to map DNA fragmentation in hippocampal sections immunostained for abnormally phosphorylated tau, which exists in the neurofibrilla...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0197-0186(96)00158-1
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Major depressive disorder is the leading cause of disability and suicidality worldwide. Here, we evaluated neural metabolic activity in prefrontal cortex (PFC) in C57BL6 mice undergoing a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for three weeks to induce depression. Further, the efficacy of Lanicemine, a low trapping ...
journal_title：Neurochemistry international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104750
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
