Abstract：
:The recent deliberations by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regarding the relationship between antidepressants and suicidality in children have incited debates about the safety of these medications for the treatment of pediatric depression. In light of these events, this review discusses four issues pertaining to pharmacotherapy for pediatric depression. First, we summarize pertinent data from randomized controlled trials of antidepressants for pediatric depression. These data provide strong support for fluoxetine and modest support for the other antidepressants. Second, we examine the outcome of the FDA meta-analysis of the data on antidepressant-induced suicidality, with specific emphasis on the methodological limitations of this analysis. Third, we consider the collective implications of the antidepressant efficacy and suicidality data on clinical practice. Specifically, we present several compelling arguments that justify the continued use of antidepressants for pediatric depression, despite the inherent limitations of these medications. Finally, we review several pathophysiological factors that might provide insights into treatment response and impact the design of future pharmacotherapy studies of depression. These factors relate to diagnostic heterogeneity, developmental consistency, and psychobiology. Potentially novel pharmacotherapies are also discussed.
journal_name
Biol Psychiatryjournal_title
Biological psychiatryauthors
Vasa RA,Carlino AR,Pine DSdoi
10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.10.010subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-06-01 00:00:00pages
1021-8issue
11eissn
0006-3223issn
1873-2402pii
S0006-3223(05)01275-8journal_volume
59pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Velocity of blood flow in the middle cerebral artery was measured with transcranial Doppler flowmeter before, during, and 1 hr after smoking a marijuana cigarette and a placebo cigarette during two separate visits to the laboratory. Ten healthy, right-handed male volunteers with a history of marijuana smoking took par...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(92)90019-v
更新日期：1992-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Suvorexant is an orexin receptor antagonist for treatment of insomnia. We report results from two pivotal phase 3 trials. METHODS:Two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, 3-month trials in nonelderly (18-64 years) and elderly (≥65 years) patients with insomnia. Suvorexant doses of 4...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.10.003
更新日期：2016-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The prodromal phase of schizophrenic disorders has been described prospectively. The present study aimed to determine the short-term efficacy and safety of olanzapine treatment of prodromal symptoms compared with placebo. METHODS:This was a double-blind, randomized, parallel-groups, placebo-controlled trial...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00321-4
更新日期：2003-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The acoustic startle response (ASR) and midlatency auditory evoked potentials (AEP) have been utilized in the measurement of sensory inhibition. Using these different paradigms, abnormalities suggesting a lack of normal inhibition have been noted in a number of psychiatric syndromes. To date, the most commonly used se...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(93)90023-7
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hyperactivity of the hypothalamic--pituitary--adrenal (HPA) axis has been reliably observed in patients with major depression. One of the primary features of this HPA axis hyperactivity is reduced sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone on the production of adrenocorticotropic hormone...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(00)01088-x
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Reduced P300 amplitude is a robust finding in patients with schizophrenia. In previous investigations, we reported reductions of specific subcomponents of the auditory oddball P300 that were independent of acute symptomatology and persistent over time, consistent with a trait abnormality. To clarify whether ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00290-5
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Autoantibodies against amyloid beta (A beta) peptide found in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) also occur naturally in the general population independently of the cognitive status. METHODS:We compared serum A beta(1-42) autoantibody levels (A beta(1-42)-AL) of 96 AD patients and 30 healthy elderly con...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.12.008
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:A recent analysis of 25 historical candidate gene polymorphisms for schizophrenia in the largest genome-wide association study conducted to date suggested that these commonly studied variants were no more associated with the disorder than would be expected by chance. However, the same study identified other ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.06.033
更新日期：2017-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Reduction of P300 amplitude in children and adolescents at high risk for developing alcoholism has frequently been reported. It has been hypothesized that this reduction represents a developmental delay in reaching age-appropriate levels in P300 amplitude. Using latent growth analysis of longitudinal data ob...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00032-3
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Cognitive reappraisal is a form of emotion regulation that alters emotional responding by changing the meaning of emotional stimuli. Reappraisal engages regions of the prefrontal cortex that support multiple functions, including visceral control functions implicated in regulating the immune system. Immune ac...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.10.012
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Direct current potentials measured on the scalp suprajacent to the midline prefrontal cortex appear to monitor the metabolic activity, via CO2 production, of this portion of the cerebrum. Changes in the frontal potential 90 min after oral administration of 2.0 g L-tryptophan and of 50 mg cortisol were studied in group...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A group of 759 patients with final DSM-I and -II diagnoses of schizophrenia was identified among a cohort of 1494 adults who were hospitalized between 1965 and 1972. Admission EEG recordings were done in each patient during waking, activation procedures, drowsiness, and sleep. All cases were reclassified according to ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mood disorders are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children and adolescence. As a result, many adolescents are treated with psychopharmacologic agents such as antidepressants and mood stabilizers. To date, research into the safety and efficacy of these medications has lagged behind clinical practice. ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01149-0
更新日期：2001-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been proposed that the nailfold subpapillary plexus visibility score (PVS) may be a marker of susceptibility to schizophrenia. To further investigate this hypothesis, we evaluated plexus visibility in a sample of 61 chronic schizophrenics, a large sample of first-episode psychotic patients and their first-degre...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(92)90231-n
更新日期：1992-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common psychiatric disorder of childhood, with average worldwide prevalence of 5.3%, varying by region. METHODS:We assessed the relationship between the prevalence of ADHD and solar intensity (SI) (kilowatt hours/square meters/day) on the basis of ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.02.010
更新日期：2013-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The cAMP signaling pathway, and its downstream neurotrophic factor BDNF, are major targets of antidepressant medications. Abnormalities in this pathway have previously been reported in postmortem brain of subjects with mood disorders. This study was designed to test whether the diagnosis of a mood disorder, ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01083-6
更新日期：2001-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Performance on tasks tapping automatic and voluntary aspects of memory, attention, and motor speed was examined in 14 patients with major depressive disorder, before and after 3 weeks of treatment with clomipramine (150 mg/day), a potent serotonin and noradrenaline uptake blocker with anticholinergic side effects. Per...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(91)90179-p
更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Psychomotor retardation is a frequently observed clinical feature of depressive states. This study attempted to assess the relationship between response slowness and central nervous system (CNS) activity by examining cortical evoked potentials (EPs) during psychomotor task performance. Patients consisted of 21 women w...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(87)90149-1
更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aversive conditioning has been proposed as an important etiologic mechanism in social phobia; however, empirical evidence is scarce and has not relied on a detailed analysis of the acquisition and extinction of the conditioned emotional response. Fourteen men sustaining generalized social phobia and 19 healthy control...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01385-9
更新日期：2002-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:As many as 30% of individuals diagnosed with depression are nonresponsive to traditional antidepressant medication. Augmentation and combination strategies have emerged in an attempt to address this issue. Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., olanzapine), when added to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (e.g...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.02.012
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stable schizophrenic and schizoaffective outpatients underwent abrupt withdrawal from a fixed dose of neuroleptic. Prolactin concentrations were determined preceding and following drug withdrawal. Basal prolactin concentrations were significantly lower 3, 4, or 5 days following drug withdrawal than on subsequent days....
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(89)90016-4
更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Methylphenidate has been shown elsewhere to improve hyperactivity in about half of treated children who have pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) and significant hyperactive-inattentive symptoms. We present secondary analyses to better define the scope of effects of methylphenidate on symptoms that define...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.09.028
更新日期：2007-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is a genetic multisystemic disease with muscular, endocrine, ocular, cardiac and cognitive impairment. The molecular basis of the disease has been identified in an unstable base triplet (CTG)n repeat located in the 3' untranslated region of the miotonin protein-kinase (MT-PK) gene on ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00016-5
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Major depressive disorder (MDD) in the adolescent demonstrates a unique clinical profile, and pathogenic serotonergic dysregulation is hypothesized. Parenteral clomipramine (CMI) is known to distinguish adult MDD from control, but neurochallenge data are lacking in adolescent MDD. METHODS:Thirteen drug-free...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00447-2
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An experimental paradigm employed by several workers in the field of schizophrenic eye movements has involved finding sequences of stimuli that induce saccadic smooth pursuit in the eye movements of normal individuals. It is hoped that the identification of such stimuli will lead to clues concerning the etiology or na...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(90)90457-d
更新日期：1990-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Postmortem cerebellar and frontal cortical membrane homogenates from human alcoholics, control subjects without neurological or psychiatric illnesses, and rats that chronically drank alcohol were studied to determine the binding characteristics of an imidazobenzodiazepine, [3H]Ro 15-4513. This ligand binds to classica...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(92)90309-n
更新日期：1992-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Multiple neuropsychiatric disorders, e.g., depression, are linked to imbalances in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission and prefrontal cortical dysfunction, and are concomitant with chronic stress. METHODS:We used electrophysiologic (n = 5-6 animals, 21-25 cells/group), neuroanatomic (n = 6-8/group),...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.03.2101
更新日期：2016-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The cortisol response to ipsapirone (a 5-HT1A-partial agonist that produces a dose-dependent increase in plasma cortisol secretion in man) is blunted in major depression. Buspirone is another 5-HT1A agonist that increases cortisol secretion in man. This study investigated cortisol and prolactin (PRL) responses to busp...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(94)90035-3
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluvoxamine in the treatment of pathologic gambling (PG). METHODS:A 16-week randomized double-blind crossover design insured that each subject received 8 weeks of fluvoxamine and 8 weeks of a placebo. Fifte...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00241-9
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) subserves complex cognition and is impaired by stress. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), through CRF receptor 1 (CRFR1), constitutes a key element of the stress response. However, its contribution to the effects of stress in the mPFC remains unclear. METHODS:Mice were...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.03.2106
更新日期：2016-11-15 00:00:00
