Abstract:
:Aversive conditioning has been proposed as an important etiologic mechanism in social phobia; however, empirical evidence is scarce and has not relied on a detailed analysis of the acquisition and extinction of the conditioned emotional response. Fourteen men sustaining generalized social phobia and 19 healthy control subjects participated in differential aversive conditioning with two neutral faces as conditioned stimuli and an aversive odor as unconditioned stimulus. Subjective and peripheral physiological responses were obtained. Both groups were successfully conditioned as reflected by differential subjective (valence, arousal, subjective unconditioned stimulus expectancy) and peripheral physiological responses (skin conductance, startle response). There was no evidence for an enhanced conditionability in the social phobics; however, they showed an enhanced unconditioned stimulus expectancy, especially for the nonreinforced conditioned stimuli during acquisition, and a delayed extinction of the conditioned skin conductance response as well as a certain dissociation between subjective and physiological responses.The enhanced unconditioned stimulus expectancy during acquisition and the overall elevated subjective arousal suggest that, under threat, subjects with generalized social phobia may be more prone to associate neutral social cues and an aversive outcome. Furthermore, delayed extinction of the conditioned response seems to contribute to the etiology and maintenance of generalized social phobia.
journal_name
Biol Psychiatryjournal_title
Biological psychiatryauthors
Hermann C,Ziegler S,Birbaumer N,Flor Hdoi
10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01385-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-08-15 00:00:00pages
328-37issue
4eissn
0006-3223issn
1873-2402pii
S0006322302013859journal_volume
52pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Animal and human newborn studies suggest that exposure to cocaine in utero delays glial maturation and white matter myelination. Postmortem data show that in the frontal and temporal lobes, white matter myelination continues into middle age. Recent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data have confirmed continu...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01315-x
更新日期:2002-04-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The interactions among experience, emotion, and memory are considered to be instrumental in the ontogeny and maintenance of acquired emotional and behavioral disorders (e.g., phobias). Here we address the question whether an anxiety-like state can associate with taste to produce conditioned taste aversion (C...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.08.024
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is a critical enzyme in deamination of biogenic amines and may be involved in the pathophysiology of major psychosis, including mood disorder and schizophrenia. Recently, evidence for genetic association between the MAO-A gene and bipolar mood disorder was obtained in Caucasians. MET...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00522-2
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The frequencies of HLA antigens were examined in a sample of 75 patients with schizophrenia and 35 patients with mood disorders. We compared the data obtained from this population with data obtained in another study with 3731 healthy subjects. Statistically significant increases were observed in the frequencies of HLA...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00223-5
更新日期:1996-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of oral contraceptive use and hospitalization stress on the results of the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) were assessed. This test, in which 1 mg dexamethasone is given at 11:00 p.m., and blood cortisol is analyzed the following day, is used as an indicator or major or endogenous depression, as oppos...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(87)90113-2
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of two putative attention-engaging maneuvers on tracking performance were studied in three groups of subjects: inpatients (n = 19), outpatients (n = 19), and controls (n = 20). One method involved realerting subjects during tracking by repeating instructions to track carefully. The second method, a signal ...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1979-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sleep homeostasis and circadian function are important maintaining factors for optimal health and well-being. Conversely, sleep and circadian disruptions are implicated in a variety of adverse health outcomes, including substance use disorders. These risks are particularly salient during adolescence. Adolescents requi...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.11.035
更新日期:2018-06-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Most depressed adults exhibit dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, including cortisol hyperreactivity to psychosocial challenge. In contrast, remarkably little is known about hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in response to psychosocial challenge among at-risk children and ado...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.04.004
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dietary administration of L-tryptophan to rats failed to increase blood platelets. Instead platelet counts were decreased after feeding either a tryptophan-deficient or tryptophan-enriched (10%) diet, but were unchanged in animals on a 1% tryptophan diet. Platelet median volumes were not affected by any of these dieta...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Selective localization of dopamine D(4) receptors in the prefrontal cortex and preferential affinity of clozapine for the dopamine D(4) receptor over the D(2) receptor led to the hypothesis that the superior efficacy of clozapine may be mediated via blockade of the D(4) receptor. This hypothesis was tested b...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.10.004
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interpersonal factors play significant roles in the onset, maintenance, and remission of psychiatric conditions. In the current major diagnostic classification systems for psychiatric disorders, some conditions are defined by the presence of impairments in social interaction or maintaining interpersonal relationships;...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.03.033
更新日期:2012-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty-three inpatients who met DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia were selected for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurochemical study of tardive dyskinesia (TD). Ten inpatients had tardive dyskinesia, and the remaining 13 patients without TD served as controls. There were no intergroup differences in sex, age, duration o...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(89)90243-6
更新日期:1989-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Eighteen unmedicated patients suffering from major depressive disorder with melancholia (DSM-III) were examined for abnormalities in peripheral serotonin (5-HT) and related metabolites. Serotonin in platelet-free plasma and in platelets from melancholics was significantly reduced to 30% and 60% of their respective con...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(87)90100-4
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous studies indicate that adverse childhood events are associated with persistent changes in corticotropin-releasing factor neuronal systems. Our aim was to determine whether altered glucocorticoid feedback mediates the neuroendocrine sequelae of childhood trauma. METHODS:Standard and low-dose dexameth...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00692-9
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review describes the strategy of using elementary phenotypes for neurobiological and genetic linkage studies of schizophrenia. The review concentrates on practical aspects of selecting the phenotype and then understanding the confounds in its measurement and interpretation. Examples from the authors' studies of d...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00085-2
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Reduced P300 amplitude is a robust finding in patients with schizophrenia. In previous investigations, we reported reductions of specific subcomponents of the auditory oddball P300 that were independent of acute symptomatology and persistent over time, consistent with a trait abnormality. To clarify whether ...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00290-5
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Fatigue is highly prevalent and causes serious disruption in quality of life. Although the underlying biological mechanism is unknown, increases in inflammation have been implicated. This prospective study examined the association between C-reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker of systemic inflammation, and fa...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.06.008
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has efficacy for binge eating disorder (BED) but not obesity. No controlled studies have tested whether adding obesity medication to CBT facilitates weight loss. We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled study of orlistat administered with guided self-help CBT (CBTgsh)....
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.03.001
更新日期:2005-05-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Accurate recognition of facial expressions is crucial for social functioning. In depressed individuals, implicit and explicit attentional biases away from happy and toward sad stimuli have been demonstrated. These may be associated with the negative cognitions in these individuals. METHODS:Using event-relat...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.10.028
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Reduction of P300 amplitude in children and adolescents at high risk for developing alcoholism has frequently been reported. It has been hypothesized that this reduction represents a developmental delay in reaching age-appropriate levels in P300 amplitude. Using latent growth analysis of longitudinal data ob...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00032-3
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Knockout (KO) mice invalidated for the dopamine transporter (DAT) constitute a powerful animal model of neurobiological alterations associated with hyperdopaminergia relevant to schizophrenia and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS:Because of continuously increasing evidence for a neuro...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.08.019
更新日期:2006-03-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hyperactivity of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been shown to increase with symptom provocation and to normalize with treatment-induced symptom reduction. Although the functional significance of anterior cingulate involvement in OCD remains unknow...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.10.038
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The smooth pursuit responses to 5 degrees and 20 degrees/sec constant-velocity stimuli were recorded from 23 patients with schizophrenia, 16 affective disorder patients, and 21 normals using low-noise infrared oculography. Pursuit gain, catch-up saccade (CUS) rate and amplitude, and their interrelationships were exami...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(91)90248-k
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::EEG sleep measures in 35 depressed and 33 normal control adolescents were examined in relation to stressful life events occurring in the year before sleep studies. There was a significant interaction between stressful life events and diagnostic status for REM latency and total REM time. In the normal controls, the pre...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(94)00240-4
更新日期:1995-06-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is well-known heterogeneity in affective mechanisms in depression that may extend to positive affect. We used data-driven parsing of neural connectivity to reveal subgroups present across depressed and healthy individuals during positive processing, informing targets for mechanistic intervention. METH...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.06.023
更新日期:2017-02-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Oculomotor tasks are a well-established means of studying executive functions and frontal-striatal functioning in both nonhuman primates and humans. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is thought to implicate frontal-striatal circuitry. We used oculomotor tests to investigate executive functions ...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.02.029
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neutrophils from 22 patients (11 men, 11 women) under chronic lithium therapy and from 22 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were assessed for the activity of the agonist-stimulated inositol-phospholipid second messenger-producing system. [3H]inositol-labeled cells were stimulated with the chemotactic peptide formy...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(91)90305-6
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is recognition that the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia have the most substantial impact on illness outcome. Domains of cognition reported to be significantly affected include serial learning, executive function, vigilance, and distractibility, to name a few. Dopamine activity at D1 receptors mediates many c...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00287-x
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To explore the domain-general risk factor of early-life social stress in mental illness, rearing rodents in persistent postweaning social isolation has been established as a widely used animal model with translational relevance for neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. Although chan...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.12.010
更新日期:2018-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies of the haloperidol-induced increase in dopamine (DA) receptor number have not emphasized the existence of individual differences. The present study evaluated DA receptor number in individual rat and mouse caudates after haloperidol or drug-free feeding. After 3 months of haloperidol treatment of rats ...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1981-11-01 00:00:00