Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common psychiatric disorder of childhood, with average worldwide prevalence of 5.3%, varying by region. METHODS:We assessed the relationship between the prevalence of ADHD and solar intensity (SI) (kilowatt hours/square meters/day) on the basis of multinational and cross-state studies. Prevalence data for the U.S. were based on self-report of professional diagnoses; prevalence data for the other countries were based on diagnostic assessment. The SI data were obtained from national institutes. RESULTS:In three datasets (across 49 U.S. states for 2003 and 2007, and across 9 non-U.S. countries) a relationship between SI and the prevalence of ADHD was found, explaining 34%-57% of the variance in ADHD prevalence, with high SI having an apparent preventative effect. Controlling for low birth weight, infant mortality, average income (socioeconomic status), latitude, and other relevant factors did not change these findings. Furthermore, these findings were specific to ADHD, not found for the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders or major depressive disorder. CONCLUSIONS:In this study we found a lower prevalence of ADHD in areas with high SI for both U.S. and non-U.S. data. This association has not been reported before in the literature. The preventative effect of high SI might be related to an improvement of circadian clock disturbances, which have recently been associated with ADHD. These findings likely apply to a substantial subgroup of ADHD patients and have major implications in our understanding of the etiology and possibly prevention of ADHD by medical professionals, schools, parents, and manufacturers of mobile devices.
journal_name
Biol Psychiatryjournal_title
Biological psychiatryauthors
Arns M,van der Heijden KB,Arnold LE,Kenemans JLdoi
10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.02.010subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-10-15 00:00:00pages
585-90issue
8eissn
0006-3223issn
1873-2402pii
S0006-3223(13)00175-3journal_volume
74pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:Intracellular deposition of tau protein is a hallmark lesion of Alzheimer's disease. Although it is known this event is secondary to excessive tau phosphorylation, the mechanisms involved remain unknown. We previously reported that the enzyme 5-Lipoxygenase (5LO) acts as a modulator of Aβ peptides formation ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.12.012
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study was undertaken to investigate if acute anxiety can affect plasma concentrations of homovanillic acid (pHVA). Since elevated pHVA levels have been associated with severity of schizophrenic symptoms, the results of this study will help determine if the pHVA elevations are directly related to psychosis ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(95)00390-8
更新日期：1996-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Pregnancy and the postpartum period are a time of increased risk for women to develop mood disorders. As such, the reproductive safety data on antidepressant use during pregnancy have rapidly expanded over the last decade; however, there is relatively sparse information on maternal/fetal exchange of these me...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00958-6
更新日期：2000-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The P300 response to an auditory two-tone discrimination task has previously been reported to have prolonged latency and reduced amplitude in schizophrenia and borderline personality disorder. In this study, P300 was recorded from 23 subjects with borderline personality disorder, 12 subjects fulfilling criteria for bo...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(89)90117-0
更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Reduction of P300 amplitude in children and adolescents at high risk for developing alcoholism has frequently been reported. It has been hypothesized that this reduction represents a developmental delay in reaching age-appropriate levels in P300 amplitude. Using latent growth analysis of longitudinal data ob...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00032-3
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Studies in elderly patients demonstrate antipsychotic efficacy and favorable safety profiles for olanzapine. We report results from two placebo-controlled, double-blind studies of olanzapine for treatment of dopamimetic drug-induced psychosis in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS:Patients were ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01392-6
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The microtubule-associated protein tau accumulates in neurodegenerative diseases known as tauopathies, the most common being Alzheimer's disease. One way to treat these disorders may be to reduce abnormal tau levels through chaperone manipulation, thus subverting synaptic plasticity defects caused by tau's t...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.02.027
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relation of stress to cancer is the subject of considerable controversy. We studied the possible influence of chronic stress on the time of development and frequency of tumors induced in rats after a single exposure to ethylnitrosourea during prenatal life. Time of development, localization, incidence, type, and s...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(89)90103-0
更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Association of the G72/G30 locus with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder has now been reported in several studies. The G72/G30 locus may be one of several that account for the evidence of linkage that spans a broad region of chromosome 13q. However, the story of G72/G30 is complex. Our meta-analysis of published assoc...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.019
更新日期：2006-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Concentrations of the three main monoamines (5-HT, NA, and DA), their metabolites (5-HIAA, DOPAC, and HVA), and the serotonin precursor 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan were simultaneously measured in frontal cortex, gyrus cinguli, and hypothalamus from 23 controls and 18 suicide victims. Overall suicides did not show significa...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(96)00239-9
更新日期：1997-05-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00138-3
更新日期：1998-07-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01315-x
更新日期：2002-04-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.01.021
更新日期：2013-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Recent evidence from clinical studies and animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) suggest that neuronal and glial loss might progress after the initial insult in selectively vulnerable regions of the brain such as the hippocampus. There is also evidence that hippocampal dysfunction plays a role in the ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.07.024
更新日期：2007-08-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(94)00238-X
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Norepinephrine and dopamine mediate important aspects of alcoholism and alcohol withdrawal. Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DbetaH) converts dopamine to norepinephrine. A recent study demonstrated a strong association between variance in plasma DbetaH activity and a novel polymorphism (DBH-1021C-->T) at the struc...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01427-0
更新日期：2002-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Several epidemiologic and clinical factors have been shown to predict long term outcome in major depressive disorder (MDD). The value of biological predictors has not been extensively studied. This study examined whether plasma norepinephrine may be useful in predicting outcome in MDD. METHODS:Forty patient...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00134-1
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has shown promising antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant depression, but the mechanisms of action are not known. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies in epilepsy patients show that VNS alters concentrations of monamines and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), neurotransmitter ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.06.025
更新日期：2004-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Diabetes, obesity, and overweight are prevalent pregnancy complications that predispose offspring to neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia. Although male individuals are three to four times more likely than female individuals to develop th...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.12.025
更新日期：2017-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most acutely effective treatment for depression, but is limited by cognitive side effects. However, research on their persistence, severity, and pattern is inconsistent. We aimed to quantify ECT-associated cognitive changes, specify their pattern, and determine progress...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.06.009
更新日期：2010-09-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(00)01042-8
更新日期：2000-11-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.08.021
更新日期：2013-02-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.02.008
更新日期：2010-06-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.03.032
更新日期：2016-04-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(94)91214-9
更新日期：1994-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of short- and long-term administration of a low dose of tranylcypromine on brain and urine levels of several biogenic amines and on brain activity of monoamine oxidases (MAO) A and B were investigated. MAO-A and MAO-B were inhibited by greater than 85% on day 1, and this inhibition continued to increase ov...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(88)90033-9
更新日期：1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Five fixed doses of the atypical antipsychotic "Seroquel" (quetiapine) were evaluated to delineate a dose-response relationship, as measured by changes from baseline in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Clinical Global Impression (CGI), and Modified Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) summary sco...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00190-x
更新日期：1997-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:A novel, high-affinity (.7-2.0 nmol) compound that selectively activates the alpha2, alpha 3, and alpha 5 (but not alpha1) gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA(A)) receptor subtypes, TPA023B (2',6-difluoro-5'-[3-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl) imidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl][1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carbonitrile) was pharma...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.01.021
更新日期：2008-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:How clozapine exerts superior antipsychotic efficacy in treatment-resistant schizophrenia is not known. Moderate (rather than "full") occupancy of D2 postsynaptic receptors may be crucial, perhaps by achieving a more effective D1/D2 or serotonin-2a/D2 ratio. The objective of this study was to test the modera...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00226-1
更新日期：1998-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The levels of the synaptic vesicle-associated proteins, synapsin and synaptophysin, were examined in human postmortem hippocampus from the brains of schizophrenics and age-matched controls using a quantitative western blot analysis. The schizophrenic samples had significantly lower levels of synapsin I than controls. ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(93)90195-j
更新日期：1993-10-15 00:00:00
