Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Around the globe, work has a heavy impact on health. To better advise policy makers, we assessed the global burden of disease and injury due to selected occupational hazards. This article presents an overview, and describes the methodology employed in the companion studies. METHODS:Using the World Health Organization (WHO) Comparative Risk Assessment methodology, we applied relative risk measures to the proportions of the population exposed to selected occupational hazards to estimate attributable fractions, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Numerous occupational risk factors had to be excluded due to inadequate global data. RESULTS:In 2000, the selected risk factors were responsible worldwide for 37% of back pain, 16% of hearing loss, 13% of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 11% of asthma, 8% of injuries, 9% of lung cancer, and 2% of leukemia. These risks at work caused 850,000 deaths worldwide and resulted in the loss of about 24 million years of healthy life. Needlesticks accounted for about 40% of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C infections and 4.4% of HIV infections in health care workers. CONCLUSIONS:Exposure to occupational hazards accounts for a significant proportion of the global burden of disease and injury, which could be substantially reduced through application of proven risk prevention strategies.
journal_name
Am J Ind Medjournal_title
American journal of industrial medicineauthors
Nelson DI,Concha-Barrientos M,Driscoll T,Steenland K,Fingerhut M,Punnett L,Prüss-Ustün A,Leigh J,Corvalan Cdoi
10.1002/ajim.20211subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-12-01 00:00:00pages
400-18issue
6eissn
0271-3586issn
1097-0274journal_volume
48pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:For truck drivers, distracted driving is a workplace behavior that increases occupational injury risk. We propose safety climate as an appropriate lens through which researchers can examine occupational distracted driving. METHODS:Using a mixed methods study design, we surveyed truck drivers using the Safet...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.22473
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The use of biopesticides in agriculture may implicate new risks of work-related allergic reactions. METHODS:Sera were tested from the BIOGART project, a longitudinal respiratory health study among >300 Danish greenhouse workers. IgE was measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with extracts of biopesticide prod...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.20086
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Between 1987 and 1992, the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH) initiated and implemented the Asbestos Program that aimed at reducing asbestos-related risks. It was a cooperative effort between government authorities, labor market organizations, and health care and labor protection personnel. MET...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.20282
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies describing respiratory health hazards for workers in swine production facilities have been published in the United States, Sweden, Canada, the Netherlands, and Denmark. Up to 50% of these workers experience bronchitis, organic dust toxic syndrome, hyper-reactive airways disease, chronic mucous membrane irritat...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199601)29:1<33::AID-AJIM5>
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Very sensitive and precise analytical methods for measuring total porphyrin excretion and the relative amounts of different porphyrins in urine are required in order to monitor the biological effects of porphyrinogenic substances in workers and the general population. Many analytical steps of a HPLC method for measuri...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.4700040409
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To study their socioeconomic and health status, 1,770 workers in the organized electronics industry in India were surveyed. Mean age of the workers employed in this industry was 32.5 +/- 6.01 years. The average per capita income/month was Rupees 333, indicating a higher socioeconomic status, compared with the status o...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.4700230209
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The community of Libby, Montana has recently been the focus of national attention secondary to widespread amphibole contamination associated with vermiculite mining and processing. METHODS:Patients who had occupational and non-occupational exposure to amphibole asbestos in Libby, Montana were evaluated for ...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.20053
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) proposes to issue citations for non-compliance with the exposure limit for respirable coal mine dust when measured exposure exceeds the exposure limit with a "high degree of confidence." This criterion threshold value (CTV) is derived from the sampling and ana...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.20318
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to grain dust has been associated with a neutrophilic bronchitis. In vitro studies suggest several possible mechanisms for recruitment of neutrophils, including direct chemotaxis to aqueous grain dust extracts and release of chemotactic activity by bronchial epithelial cells in response to challenge with grai...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.4700250122
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
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更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Scholarly understanding of the nature of the science around silicosis has been strongly influenced, in recent years, by the idea that the mine doctors were responsible for hiding an epidemic, on the mines and in the countryside. In this paper, I try to show that the opposite was in fact the case, and that the science ...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.22505
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Nearly one of every three workers in the United States is low-income. Low-income populations have a lower life expectancy and greater rates of chronic diseases compared to those with higher incomes. Low- income workers face hazards in their workplaces as well as in their communities. Developing integrated pu...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.22174
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A program of medical evaluation for former Savannah River Site (SRS) workers at health effects due to exposures to hazardous or radioactive agents was conducted. METHODS:This study includes data from 1,368 participants aged 45 years or older who were assessed regarding work-history and exposures to industri...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.20224
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.1090
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199801)33:1<61::aid-ajim8>
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Working conditions in poultry slaughter/processing plants may expose workers to zoonotic pathogens. We explored exposure to pathogens among poultry slaughter/processing plant workers including job duties as risk factors. METHODS:We collected questionnaire data on job duties and nasal swabs from 110 workers ...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.22594
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Demographic, labor market and economic forces are combining to produce increases in the number and percentage of U.S. workers 55 and older. In some ways these workers will be our most skilled and productive employees but in others the most vulnerable. METHODS:The literature on aging and work was reviewed, i...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/ajim.20569
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Sheet Metal Occupational Health Institute Trust (SMOHIT) was formed in 1985 to examine the health hazards of the sheet metal industry in the U.S. and Canada through an asbestos disease screening program. A study of mortality patterns among screening program participants was undertaken. METHODS:A cohort ...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.20725
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.4700100208
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.4700180418
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eight healthy volunteers were exposed to purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by controlled inhalation. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) 3 hours after exposure revealed a pronounced neutrophilia, increase in lymphocytes, fibronectin concentration, and decrease in alveolar macrophage phagocytosis, as compared to a reference B...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.4700250127
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Both subcutaneous and hepatic hemangiosarcomas were induced in mice exposed to vinyl chloride monomer, and for the first time, the ultrastructure of hemangiosarcomas related to vinyl chloride exposure has been described. The subcutaneous hemangiosarcoma developed in a mouse's ear 29 weeks after exposure to 10 ppm viny...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.4700020205
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Existing research suggests that workplace injuries can have significant economic and social consequences for workers; but there are no quantitative studies on complete populations. METHODS:The British Columbia Linked Health Database (BCLHD) was used to examine 1994 injured workers who lost work time due to ...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.20503
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Animal studies show that antimony may cause lung cancer and heart and lung disease in rodents. In exposed humans, ECG abnormalities and heart and lung disease have been reported. This mortality study of 1,014 men employed between 1937 and 1971 in a Texas antimony smelter consisted primarily of workers of Spanish ances...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.4700270510
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Respiratory health variables were studied cross-sectionally in 227 employees of a plastics molding facility where numerous complaints had been apparently associated with the use of azodicarbonamide foaming agent in injection molding. Pre- and postshift respiratory status measures and azodicarbonamide concentrations we...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.4700110109
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 30 year-old male polyurethane worker was exposed to an accidental spill of 4,4'-methylene-bis-2-chloroaniline (MBOCA) at a plant producing MBOCA-cured plastic products. Exposure to MBOCA is significant in that this compound is a known animal carcinogen and a suspected human carcinogen. The employee was sprayed over ...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajim.4700180508
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two workers (23 and 28 years old) developed rhinitis and bronchial asthma after occupational contact with the isocyanate MDI. Positive skin prick test results for MDI-HSA and IgE antibodies to all isocyanate-HSA conjugates were obtained in both cases, and the inhalation challenge test with MDI produced immediate and l...
journal_title:American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199605)29:5<467::AID-AJIM5
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00