Abstract：
:A visible result of the 20-year old applied ethics movement is the use of moral philosophers as quotable newspaper sources. In situations like the op-ed page, adequate space and time allows for serious reflection, and the columns provide accessible, quality ideas for the general public. Quality usually disappears when the newspaper interviews an ethicists for the next day's story. Reporters want a short, pithy quote, confirming their belief that alarming events really are alarming events. A conservative viewpoint usually results: new developments become troubling, not because of careful analysis, but because it challenges accepted wisdom. The New York times provided readers with immediate resistance to the idea that a family may decide to have a 2nd child in the hopes that that child will provide compatible bone marrow cells (a 1 in 4 chance) needed to save the life of the 1st-born child after a 2-year search for a suitable donor, with plans to love their baby. The Times quoted an ethicist saying: "It's outrageous that people would go to this length." But consider the question. Is it really better to let the older child die for some vague ethical fear? Parents choose to reproduce for many reasons unrelated to the unrealistic ideal of wanting to have a child solely for "that child's own welfare...each person [being] an end in...herself..." As commentators of public events, philosophers would do well to challenge the prevailing orthodoxy, questioning assumptions unthinkingly made. Instead they frequently serve as orthodoxy's most sophisticated defenders, assuming that the existing social consensus must be right and articulating its theoretical "justification." Or they rely on the "slippery slope" doctrine of fear, where departure form business-as-usual leads inextricably to frighteningly extreme consequences. The silliness of previous facile ethical pronouncements suggests the need for future caution.
journal_name
J Clin Epidemioljournal_title
Journal of clinical epidemiologyauthors
Rachels Jdoi
10.1016/0895-4356(92)90058-usubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-07-01 00:00:00pages
799-801issue
7eissn
0895-4356issn
1878-5921pii
0895-4356(92)90058-Ujournal_volume
45pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:There is no population-based prospective study concerning the relation between serum albumin and mortality in a non-Western population, and few previous studies included the subgroup analysis stratified by serum cholesterol level. METHODS:A 13.7-year cohort study was conducted on 6,957 males and females age...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.02.019
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine which simple index of overweight and obesity is the best discriminator of cardiovascular risk factors. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:This is a meta-analysis of published literature. MEDLINE was searched. Studies that used receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis and published area unde...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.08.012
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess measurement equivalence of the Singaporean English and Chinese versions of the EuroQol Group's 5-domain questionnaire (EQ-5D) in cancer patients. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Seven hundred and seventy-one ethnic Chinese patients in Singapore were recruited, and they answered either an English or a Chin...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.03.007
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders. There continues to be a need for community-based research into this condition. Unfortunately, response rates in community-based IBS surveys have typically been very low. In this study, we explore the use of incentives and multiple-res...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(02)00586-3
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review critically appraises 22 recent articles of trials of physical activity, as a means of reducing blood pressure. The quality of the literature remains poor and of the 13 controlled trials of habitual activity only one did not have a major design fault. Overall, blood pressure was reduced by physical activity...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(92)90093-3
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The traditional approach in epidemiology of relating exposure to an environmental agent such as a drug or infective agent has been to measure an overall risk (i.e., average and then "adjust risk for demographic variables and other confounders"). An attempt is sometimes made to define a "susceptible" subgroup. The anal...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00052-8
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess agreement between parents' proxy reports of children's respiratory-related health service use and administrative data. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:A retrospective analysis of statistical agreement between clinical and claims data for reports of physician visits, emergency department (ED) visits, and h...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.02.002
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Differences in the rate of metacarpal bone loss were evaluated in a 9 year population based follow-up study among 799 women initially aged 45-64 years, using initial and follow-up radiographs of the hands. Metacarpal bone loss started around the age of 50 years and was present in more than 95% of the women. The averag...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(90)90162-i
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the ability of population surveys to estimate the occurrence of maternal morbidities. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, POPLINE references from relevant papers and proceedings of scientific meetings. No restrictions were made regarding language, da...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.04.009
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether elements signifying relative insulin sensitivity (IS) were prospectively linked to accidents and suicides in 14,976 Helsinki Heart Study (HHS) screenees. The main outcome measure was hospitalizations and deaths from accidents and suicide attempts determined from Finnis...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(02)00407-9
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although developed societies have undergone many profound changes during recent decades, including urbanization, increased traffic and aging of the populations, epidemiologic information on secular trends in profiles of injuries is limited. We investigated such trends in Finland by selecting from the National Hospital...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00346-2
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to develop an index derived from the Medication Appropriateness Index (MAI) items that is suited for clinical studies evaluating appropriateness of psychotropic drug use (PDU) for neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in patients with dementia in nursing homes and to test its reliability ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.03.012
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the responsiveness of generic and mapped preference-based measures based on the anchor of global change in health condition of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:A baseline sample of 333 Chinese CRC patients was recruited between September 2009 and July 2010 and was surve...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.08.011
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To identify and summarize published systematic reviews that report results of meta-analyses that combined direct and indirect comparisons. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Narrative review of mixed treatment comparisons (MTCs) reported in systematic reviews of health interventions. MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, Emba...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.07.014
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a clinical judgement analysis study, 27 general practitioners, 22 cardiologists, and 21 medical students assessed 40 case vignettes with regard to the probability of heart failure, in order to study the weights of different kinds of information (cues) measured by the regression coefficients in a multiple regression...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00241-9
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare methods commonly used to derive minimal important differences and recommend a rule for defining patients as clinically improved on the low back pain-specific Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ). METHODS:447 primary care low back pain consulters completed a questionnaire at consultation a...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.03.018
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A truly international and systematic review (SR) identifies and synthesizes relevant evidence regardless of the geographical provenance or language of publication. Despite recommendations, international SRs continue to exclude papers in languages other than English (LOE) at searching, screening, and analysis phases ei...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.03.004
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In middle-aged people, social class is one of the strongest predictors of mortality. However, to date, research prospectively evaluating the relationship between social class and mortality in the older persons has produced conflicting results. This may be due to the lack of clinical covariates in many analyses. The ob...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(02)00464-x
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To demonstrate the value of item response theory (IRT) and differential item functioning (DIF) methods in examining a health-related quality-of-life measure in children and adolescents. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:This illustration uses data from 5,429 children using the four subscales of the PedsQL 4.0 Generic...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.05.002
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:There is considerable actual and potential waste in research. Using evidence-based research (EBR) can ensure the value of a new study. The aim of this article, the third in a series, is to describe an EBR approach to putting research results into context. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:EBR is the us...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.07.021
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Various measures have been proposed to express the excess risk of an outcome attributable to one particular risk factor, such as attributable risk and risk fraction. However, there is sometimes a need, both in epidemiological studies and in awarding compensation in legal cases, to simultaneously consider the contribut...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(02)00388-8
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article reports on the development and validation of the Italian SF-36 Health Survey using data from seven studies in which an Italian version of the SF-36 was administered to more than 7000 subjects between 1991 and 1995. Empirical findings from a wide array of studies and diseases indicate that the performance ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00094-8
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serum cholesterol has been increasing in recent years in Japan. There is concern that risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) may be increasing too, but there is little information on validated fatal CHD trends in the Japanese population. We identified 1,056 deaths from heart disease and other deaths possibly hiding CHD ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00516-9
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Timely and comprehensive reporting of clinical trial results builds the backbone of evidence-based medicine and responsible research. The proportion of timely disseminated trial results can inform alternative national and international benchmarking of university medical centers (UMCs). STUDY DESIGN AND SETT...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.06.002
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:In many observational studies, the association between drugs and disease is analyzed with information from a baseline interview. We investigated the magnitude and direction of exposure misclassification by comparing interview data at baseline with prospectively gathered pharmacy data. METHODS:...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2003.12.017
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the prevalence of iron deficiency and overload in the adult population in Iceland, a developed Scandinavian country. The study population consisted of 4240 individuals aged 25-74 years randomly selected from the national roster. Basic hematological, S-iron, S-total...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(91)90090-v
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antiretroviral therapy (ART) use was examined in a cohort of homosexual men infected with HIV-1 for long periods. Multivariate logistic regression models, stratified by clinical indication (below and above 500 CD4 cells/microl or prior AIDS), were used to determine predictors of ART naivete. Of the 673 men seen at vis...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00274-2
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Individuals who do and do not participate in studies often have different characteristics. The profile of nonparticipants may vary by type of nonparticipation. Few cross-sectional or longitudinal studies of chronically ill individuals identify these differences at baseline and of those that do; many do not h...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.11.002
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The "iatrotropic stimulus" is a typical example of Alvan Feinstein's terminology and his clinical way of thinking about medical research. Feinstein specified "interiatric referral" as an additional important factor affecting "the likelihood that patients will appear at the particular setting in which research is being...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(02)00528-0
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:This study compares three major elements of evidence-based medicine (EBM) practices, namely evidence synthesis, clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), and real-world prescriptions in the United States, regarding antidepressant treatments of major depression over the past 3 decades. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.12.023
更新日期：2021-01-06 00:00:00
