Abstract：
:This review critically appraises 22 recent articles of trials of physical activity, as a means of reducing blood pressure. The quality of the literature remains poor and of the 13 controlled trials of habitual activity only one did not have a major design fault. Overall, blood pressure was reduced by physical activity in both hypertensive and normotensive persons. This effect was independent of weight loss and in some studies blood pressure reduction occurred in the presence of weight gain. The average reduction in the better designed studies was approximately 6-7 mmHg for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure which compares favourably with studies of pharmacological treatment. The better designed studies reported smaller reductions than studies with poorer design. All activities, including circuit weight training, lowered blood pressure and daily activity produced greater blood pressure reduction than when performed three times per week. It is concluded that physical activity has an independent capacity to lower blood pressure.
journal_name
J Clin Epidemioljournal_title
Journal of clinical epidemiologyauthors
Arroll B,Beaglehole Rdoi
10.1016/0895-4356(92)90093-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-05-01 00:00:00pages
439-47issue
5eissn
0895-4356issn
1878-5921pii
0895-4356(92)90093-3journal_volume
45pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：OBJECTIVES:Complex longitudinal sampling and the observational structure of patient registers in health services research are associated with methodological challenges regarding data management and statistical evaluation. We exemplify common pitfalls and want to stimulate discussions on the design, development, and dep...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.11.001
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To revise 2010 guidance on grading the strength of evidence (SOE) of the effectiveness of drugs, devices, and other preventive and therapeutic interventions in systematic reviews produced by the Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) program, established by the US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AH...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.11.023
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To explore user perspectives on applying the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) to systematic reviews of complex interventions. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Thirty-three authors of recent (2013 onward) systematic reviews were contacted regarding their perspectives on using...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.09.010
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Methods to identify studies for systematic reviews of diagnostic accuracy are less well developed than for reviews of intervention studies. This study assessed (1) the sensitivity and precision of five published search strategies and (2) the reliability and accuracy of reviewers screening the ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.09.011
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Disinvestment is critical for ensuring the long-term sustainability of health-care services. Key barriers to disinvestment are heterogeneity between research and clinical settings, absence of evidence of effectiveness of some health technologies, and exposure of patients and organizations to risks and poor o...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.08.014
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine the effectiveness of interventions designed to prevent or reduce publication and related biases. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We searched multiple databases and performed manual searches using terms related to publication bias and known interventions against publication bias. We dually reviewed cit...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.01.008
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A small variability of exposure in a population, for example small variance in nutrient intake, limits the power of an epidemiologic study. McKeown-Eyssen and Thomas (J Chron Dis 1985; 38:559-568) have shown that by selecting a population with larger exposure variance vs one with smaller variance, the study sample siz...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(94)90190-2
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this paper was to evaluate the combined effect of alcohol, smoking habits and frequency of consumption of selected dietary items, which are the major sources of retinoids and beta-carotene in the Italian diet, on the risk of esophageal cancer (EC). The adequacy of the multiplicative structure for describing...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(92)90035-l
更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To review James Jackson's analysis of bloodletting among pneumonitis patients at the newly founded Massachusetts General Hospital, in which he implemented the numerical method advocated by Pierre-Charles-Alexandre Louis. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:The study sample included 34 cases of clinically diagnosed pne...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.10.013
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To identify key principles of graph construction and to review guidance on graph construction provided by medical journals. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Review of a prevailing model of graph comprehension and survey of authors' instructions for all 120 core medical journals as indexed by PubMed. RESULTS:Graph ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.12.016
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:This study examines the effects of telephone and mail interview methods on the measurement of health-related quality of life. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:One thousand six hundred ninety individuals aged 25-66 were interviewed randomly either by telephone or by mail. Health-related quality of life was assessed w...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.12.003
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We analyzed the 1986-1997 mortality in a cohort of 2065 residents of an Italian municipality which had been exposed to drinking water with a high content of inorganic selenium over a long period of time, and compared it with mortality in the remainder of the municipal population. Mortality from malignant neoplasms inc...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00233-x
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:A large body of comparative effectiveness research (CER) focuses on the use of observational and quasi-experimental approaches. We sought to examine the use of clinical trials as a tool for CER, particularly in mental health. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Examination of three ongoing randomized clinical trials i...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.02.013
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:When contamination is present, randomization on a patient level leads to dilution of the treatment effect. The usual solution is to randomize on a cluster level, but at the cost of efficiency and more importantly, this may introduce selection bias. Furthermore, it may slow down recruitment in ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.10.003
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To systematically review methodological articles which focus on nonpublication of studies and to describe methods of detecting and/or quantifying and/or adjusting for dissemination in meta-analyses. To evaluate whether the methods have been applied to an empirical data set for which one can be reasonably conf...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.04.015
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To address methodologic issues in searching for observational studies by presenting database search methods and results. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Results of two literature searches for publications reporting on observational studies of alcohol consumption and the risk of breast cancer and large bowel cancer ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.03.004
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess agreement between parents' proxy reports of children's respiratory-related health service use and administrative data. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:A retrospective analysis of statistical agreement between clinical and claims data for reports of physician visits, emergency department (ED) visits, and h...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.02.002
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, pulse rate and cigarette smoking on extracranial carotid artery plaque thickness evaluated by B-mode ultrasonography was investigated in a cross-sectional study of 698 white men, 730 white women, 77 black men and 76 black women as part of a clinical ultrasound registry. ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(89)90151-0
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study assesses psychometric properties of the Modified Mini-Mental State Exam (3MS) and present population norms and demographic risk factors for low 3MS scores. The subjects were 885 persons aged 65 and older who took the 3MS as part of the Stirling County Study, a population-based longitudinal study of adult re...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(03)00111-2
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the extent to which meta-analysis publications of drugs and biologics focus on specific named agents or even only a single agent, and identify characteristics associated with such focus. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We evaluated 499 articles with meta-analyses published in 2010 and estimated how many d...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.10.014
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine the relationships between study quality, author prestige, journal impact factors, and citation rates of trials and to examine whether journal impact factors mediated the relationships between study quality and author prestige on citation rates. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We used bibliometric data fr...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.01.028
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To present a new method to estimate a "minimal important change" (MIC) of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) scales, based on predictive modeling, and to compare its performance with the MIC based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. To illustrate how the new method deals with variables t...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.03.015
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Whether or not to treat patients with non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation with anticoagulants to prevent embolic stroke is a dilemma for physicians. If randomized trials, currently underway, demonstrate a beneficial effect, the dilemma will not be solved because not all of the relevant factors can be addressed by trials...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(91)90219-y
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the presence of extreme findings and fluctuation in effect size in endocrinology. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGS:We systematically identified all meta-analyses published in 2014 in the field of endocrinology. Within each meta-analysis, the effect size of the primary binary outcome was compared across...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.10.015
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Claims-based indices of comorbidity and severity, as well as other measures derived from routinely collected administrative data, are developed and tested. The extent to which risk adjustments using claims can be improved by adding information from one well-known measure based on chart review and patient examination (...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(89)90118-2
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mortality rates in Denmark from ischemic heart diseases (IHD), other heart diseases and unknown causes are presented for the period 1968-92. In all age groups, mortality from IHD is higher at the beginning of the period than at the end. For other heart disease, the plot of the mortality rate is U-shaped for the age gr...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(94)00158-m
更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To develop a conceptual model to describe the burden of osteoarthritis in individuals with this condition and on the broader community. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Six concept mapping workshops were undertaken: three with patients (n = 26) and three with health professionals (n = 27) in Australia and Sweden. Th...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.03.012
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Differential recall between compared groups is discussed most often in the context of case-control studies. Cases, compared to controls, are suspected of providing a more complete report of their true exposure to an hypothesized risk factor, thereby biasing upwards the estimate of its effect. The present paper describ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(90)90100-4
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although case-crossover analyses have lately emerged as an alternative to case-control analyses in epidemiological studies, it is not yet known in which situations they give reliable conclusions. In this work, the case-crossover and the case-control designs were first compared on the basis of a dataset from a publishe...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00404-8
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many longitudinal studies attempt to examine changes in outcome measures over time in groups of patients. Applying conventional analytic techniques, such as a single classical linear regression model, to these data will often not result in minimum variance estimates, and may affect the results of tests of significance...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(93)90038-3
更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00
