Abstract：
OBJECTIVES:To review James Jackson's analysis of bloodletting among pneumonitis patients at the newly founded Massachusetts General Hospital, in which he implemented the numerical method advocated by Pierre-Charles-Alexandre Louis. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:The study sample included 34 cases of clinically diagnosed pneumonitis admitted to Massachusetts General Hospital between April 19, 1825, and May 10, 1835, and discharged alive. Patient data were extracted from meticulously kept case books. Jackson calculated mean number of venesections, ounces of blood taken, and days of convalescence within groups stratified by day of the disease when first bloodletting occurred. He also calculated average convalescence within groups stratified by age, sex, prior health, vesication, and day of the disease when the patients were admitted to the hospital. RESULTS:To Jackson's surprise, it "seemed to be of less importance, whether our patients were bled or not, than whether they entered the hospital early or late" after the onset of the pneumonitis. Bloodletting was ineffective. Our multivariate reanalysis of his data confirms his conclusion. Outstandingly for his time, Jackson ruled out unwarranted effects of covariates by tabulating their numerical relations to the duration of pneumonia. CONCLUSION:Using novel gathering of patient clinical data from hospital records and quantitative analytical methods, Jackson contributed results that challenged conventional wisdom and bridged French therapeutic epistemology and American medical pragmatism.
journal_name
J Clin Epidemioljournal_title
Journal of clinical epidemiologyauthors
Kahn LG,Morabia Adoi
10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.10.013subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-04-01 00:00:00pages
397-404issue
4eissn
0895-4356issn
1878-5921pii
S0895-4356(14)00511-3journal_volume
68pub_type
传,历史文章,杂志文章abstract：:The study assesses the reliability, validity and responsiveness of the UK version of the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ-UK). The instrument was anglicised and administered by self-completed postal questionnaire to 959 patients recruited from general practices in the North East of England. A total of 655 (68.3%) pat...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00352-3
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to examine the proportion of men who died from prostate cancer (PrCa) vs. with PrCa and assess the comorbid conditions associated with other-cause deaths. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We identified all male decedents aged >/=65 years in Jefferson County, AL, in 1993-1995. By crossli...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2003.11.009
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine the concordance between two methods to measure drug exposure duration from pharmacy claim data. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We conducted a cohort study using 2002-2007 US Medicaid data. Initiators of eight drug groups were identified: statins, metformin, atypical antipsychotics, warfarin, proton p...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.05.026
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To explore user perspectives on applying the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) to systematic reviews of complex interventions. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Thirty-three authors of recent (2013 onward) systematic reviews were contacted regarding their perspectives on using...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.09.010
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Data gathered on 262 adults with high-grade soft tissue sarcoma, operated on at the same institution for curative intent, were used to study formally, and to quantitate for the first time, the relationship between local recurrence of the tumor and survival time. Using Cox's proportional hazards model with a time-depen...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(89)90083-8
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to evaluate interrater and intermodality agreement in assessing health status using the Health Utilities Index. A random sample from a Dutch cohort of 14-year-old Very Low Birth Weight children and their parents were invited to participate in a face-to-face (n = 150) or telephone (n = 150) in...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00317-6
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Outcome measures are rapidly becoming standard tools in the assessment of clinical effectiveness and in the measurement of health status in populations. In this article we document the development of a self-administered Chinese version of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and report t...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00104-8
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To identify and summarize published systematic reviews that report results of meta-analyses that combined direct and indirect comparisons. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Narrative review of mixed treatment comparisons (MTCs) reported in systematic reviews of health interventions. MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, Emba...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.07.014
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We assessed the relative responsiveness of generic and specific quality of life instruments in 43 randomized controlled trials that compared head-to-head 31 generic and 84 specific instruments. Using weighted effect size as the metric of responsiveness, we assessed the impact of instrument type, disease category, and ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(02)00537-1
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:More than one odds ratio estimate will often arise from a single epidemiologic study. Examples of designs where this may occur include those where there is more than one case or control group, and investigations of several risk factors as part of the same study. Various methods for presenting multiple interval estimat...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(89)90132-7
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To recommend methodological standards in the prevention and handling of missing data for primary patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We searched National Library of Medicine Bookshelf and Catalog as well as regulatory agencies' and organizations' Web sites in January 2012 for...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.08.013
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The objective of the study is to examine the time from publication of the protocol for a Cochrane review to publication of the Cochrane review for the entire Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGS:Cochrane reviews from the CDSR published between 1995 and 2019 were assessed...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.05.011
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The STAndards for Reporting studies of Diagnostic accuracy (STARD) for investigators and editors and the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) for reviewers and readers offer guidelines for the quality and reporting of test accuracy studies. These guidelines address and propose some solu...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.02.007
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the value of the ankle-brachial systolic pressure index (ABPI) as a test for the diagnosis of peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) in general practice. ABPI measurements on 231 legs of 117 subjects performed in three general practice centers (GPC) were compared with the diagnostic conclusions o...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(96)00275-2
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The aim of the study was to assess the completeness of reporting of methods in overviews. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Assessment of the adequacy of reporting of methods in a random sample of 50 overviews was based on a published framework of methods for conducting overviews. Descriptive summary statistics were...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.09.025
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to assess whether trials with a positive (i.e., statistically significant) outcome are cited more often than negative trials. We reviewed 530 randomized clinical trials on hepato-biliary diseases published in 11 English-language journals indexed in MEDLINE from 1985-1996. From each tria...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00513-3
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently, there has been a great deal of discussion regarding the use of administrative databases to study outcomes of medical care. A major issue in this discussion is how to classify patients in terms of characteristics such as disease-severity, comorbidities, resource needs, stability, etc. Different indices have b...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(94)00202-2
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Regression discontinuity (RD) is a quasi-experimental design that may provide valid estimates of treatment effects in case of continuous outcomes. We aimed to evaluate validity and precision in the RD design for dichotomous outcomes. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We performed validation studies in three large ran...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.02.015
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Articles alleging hazards of electric or magnetic fields, based on epidemiologic studies, have appeared in the popular press. Some of these articles, which contain distortions of the scientific evidence, have been cited in the scientific and medical literature, thereby being given some degree of apparent legitimacy. I...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(92)90154-f
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Loss to follow-up threatens internal and external validity yet little research has examined ways to limit participant attrition. We conducted a systematic review of studies with a primary focus on strategies to retain participants in health care research. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGS:We completed searches of Pu...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.11.023
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to assess the effects of a multicomponent intervention on private pharmacy practice. From 641 private pharmacies in Hanoi, 68 pharmacies were randomly selected and matched into 34 pairs. Each pair consisted of a control and an intervention pharmacy. Three interventions were applied sequ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(02)00458-4
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To test the theory of a U-shaped association between time from the first presentation of symptoms in primary care to the diagnosis (the diagnostic interval) and mortality after diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Three population-based studies in Denmark and the United Kingdom usin...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.12.006
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:In this article, we describe how to include considerations about resource utilization when making recommendations according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGS:We focus on challenges with rating the confidence in effect estima...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.04.012
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper describes a multivariate analysis of a 3-year prospective study of the covariates of age at menopause among women who were randomly sampled from a general population. This approach avoids three problems that may account for the inconsistent results of prior studies: recall bias in retrospectively collected ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(89)90044-9
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To estimate the effect of weight-loss interventions on health-related quality of life (HrQoL) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs); to conduct a meta-analysis of weight-loss treatment on depressive symptoms; and, to examine methodological and presentation issues that compromise study validity. STUDY DESIGN...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.10.015
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the ability of population surveys to estimate the occurrence of maternal morbidities. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, POPLINE references from relevant papers and proceedings of scientific meetings. No restrictions were made regarding language, da...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.04.009
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:We aimed to determine to what extent covariate adjustment could affect power in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a heterogeneous population with traumatic brain injury (TBI). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We analyzed 14-day mortality in 9,497 participants in the Corticosteroid Randomization After Significan...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.08.012
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clinimetrics and psychometrics, two accepted methods for developing multiitem health measurement scales, have fundamentally different aims and methods that have seldom been compared and never prospectively. The purpose of this study was to determine whether these two methodologies provided comparable scales in the dev...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00148-6
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To assess whether short message service (SMS) text messages sent as prenotification or postnotification reminders improve questionnaire response rates in randomized controlled trial (RCT) follow-up. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Three "trials within a trial" assessed text message notifications sent before or aft...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.05.011
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the study was to determine coronary events in a defined Sudanese population. All coronary events occurring in Khartoum, the capital of Sudan, were registered during the calendar year 1989. The cold pursuit method of identifying coronary events by surveillance of routinely collected data was adopted. A total...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(96)00116-3
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
