Abstract:
:In responding to Drs Calabrese and Baldwin's question, 'At what point, if ever, should hormesis be employed as the principal dose response default assumption in risk assessment?', we examined the benefits of replacing traditional dose-response with hormesis. In general, hormesis provides more complete useful information for risk assessment than does traditional dose-response. A major limitation of using hormesis as a default assumption in risk estimation is the difficulty of differentiating complex low-level hormetic responses from the placebo effect. A second limitation is that hormesis merely further defines one response. Most toxicoses have many responses. The most complete information takes all responses and their connections into account.
journal_name
Hum Exp Toxicoljournal_title
Human & experimental toxicologyauthors
Pickrell JA,Oehme FWdoi
10.1191/0960327105ht521oasubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-05-01 00:00:00pages
259-64issue
5eissn
0960-3271issn
1477-0903journal_volume
24pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Periostin is an extracellular matrix protein from the fasciclin family that guides cellular trafficking and extracellular matrix organization. Periostin stimulates mature cardiomyocytes to reenter the cell cycle. The molecular mechanism behind such stimulation remains to be explored. A DNA microarray technology consti...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327118802617
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of fendiline on cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentrations ([Ca(2+)](i)) and proliferation has not been explored in human oral cancer cells. This study examined whether fendiline altered Ca(2+) levels and caused cell death in OC2 human oral cancer cells. [Ca(2+)](i) and cell viability were measured using the fluo...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327108097436
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diallyl sulfide, a sulfur-containing volatile compound present in garlic (Allium sativum), exerts anticarcinogenic activity in various rodent tumor models. In the present study, apoptosis-inhibiting effects of diallyl sulfide against a carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, 7,12-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene (DMBA...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327108088978
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhalation of zinc fumes may lead to the acute respiratory distress syndrome. The mechanisms of pulmonary zinc toxicity are not yet understood. Therefore we investigated zinc-dependent depression of protein and RNA synthesis in rat and human lung cell lines. 1. After exposure to 120 or 150 micromol/l zinc, RNA synthes...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/096032719801701203
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, genotoxic activities of four halogenated anesthetics (halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane) were investigated in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and sperm cells in vitro by alkaline comet assay. For this purpose, sperm or lymphocyte suspension was exposed to different concentratio...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327112446818
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Predictive toxicology plays a critical role in reducing the failure rate of new drugs in pharmaceutical research and development. Despite recent gains in our understanding of drug-induced toxicity, however, it is urgent that the utility and limitations of our current predictive tools be determined in order to identify...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327115605440
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is used extensively as a disinfectant or bleaching agent. Most studies describe ingestion or inhalation route of this product with rare complication and fatalities. Despite global daily exposures, data about bleach injection is limited. Here we report intentional infusion of 20 mL, sodium h...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327111432506
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient required for proper growth and maintenance of numerous biological systems. At high levels it is known to be neurotoxic. While focused research concerning the transport of Mn across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is on-going, the exact identity of the transporter(s) responsible is...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/0960327107070496
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:A single dose of monocrotaline, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid, was injected into rats in order to produce 25 (Group I) and 45 (Group II) days later a progressive and so called delayed liver injury. The present study investigated the prostanoid production of Kupffer cells and endothelial cells separated from Monoc...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/096032719801701007
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Carbofuran was administered orally to adult male rats at dose levels of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 or 0.8 mg kg-1 body weight, 5 d wk-1 for 60 days. A dose dependent decrease was observed in body weight of rats treated with 0.2-0.8 mg carbofuran kg-1 body weight. 2. A significant decrease in the weight of epididymides, seminal ...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/096032719501401106
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Deregulated cancer cell metabolism plays an important role in cancer progression. Cancer cell metabolism has been in the centre of attention in therapeutical cancer cell targeting. Repurposed chemical agents, such as metformin and aspirin, have been studied extensively as preventive and therapeutic agents. Metformin i...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327117747025
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Morphine-6-glucuronide, the active metabolite of morphine, and to a lesser extent morphine itself are known to accumulate in patients with renal failure. A number of cases on non-lethal morphine toxicity in patients with renal impairment report high plasma concentrations of morphine-6-glucuronide, suggesting that this...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327110388962
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Poisoning from organophosphates and carbamates is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Concerns have been expressed over the safety and efficacy of the use of oximes such as pralidoxime (2-PAM) in patients with carbamate poisoning in general, and more so with carbaryl poisoning specifi...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327107070849
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition of the intestine with unknown etiology involving multiple immune, genetic and environmental factors. We were interested in examining the effect of a total extract from Ziziphora clinopoides, an Iranian folk herbal medicine, in the prevention and control of experi...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327105ht626oa
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Results obtained in long-term carcinogenicity studies with animals should be evaluated, first and foremost, by statistical comparisons of the data obtained from the treated group with that from the concurrent control group. Often the results are compared with data from so-called historical control groups in order to t...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1191/0960327103ht394oa
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Dettol liquid (chloroxylenol 4.8%, pine oil, isopropyl alcohol), a household disinfectant, has a corrosive action on the gastrointestinal mucosa when swallowed. The incidence of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage and gastroscopic findings following Dettol poisoning was studied in 89 patients. 2. Five patients (5.6%...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/096032719501400104
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cultures of bovine pulmonary endothelial (BPE) cells were exposed to LC70 doses of ricin or abrin (15.5 and 4.5 pM respectively) over a period of up to 40 h. The viability of the cultures (as determined by the neutral red (NR) dye retention assay) declined after 6 h exposure to the toxins. From 15 h onwards, cellular ...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/096032719601500513
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two previously healthy women developed nausea, vomiting, headache and dizziness for several days, a massive hair loss about 2 weeks later and a discoloration of the fingernails. Detailed diagnostic procedures did not reveal any pathological results. Therapeutic measures did not show any effect. Thallium and arsenic we...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327109360046
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Six healthy male volunteers received intravenous injections of 26Al as citrate. Accelerator mass spectrometry and gamma-ray spectrometry were used to determine levels of the tracer in blood and excreta at times up to 5-6 d. 2. There was a rapid clearance from blood (mean 2% of injection remaining after 1 d) and maj...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/096032719501400707
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is compelling evidence in support of positive associations between zinc (Zn) deficiency and high accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in biological samples of different cancerous patients. The incidence of mouth cancer has been increased among people who possess habit of drinking alcohol, tobacco smoking and chewing wit...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327109360045
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The common effects of acetaminophen (paracetamol), isopropylantipyrine (propyphenazone) and caffeine on fetal development were examined in rats. The mixture was given in Tween 80 solution once daily, in a constant proportion of 5:3:1, during days 8-14 of gestation in three different doses. Dose S1 - 3.5 mg/kg acetamin...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327102ht224oa
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyanate and its active form isocyanate are formed mainly in the process of nonenzymatic urea biodegradation. Cyanate is capable of protein S- and N-carbamoylation, which can affect their activity. The present studies aimed to demonstrate the effect of cyanate on activity of the enzymes implicated in anaerobic cysteine...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327110394225
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of acute administration of dietary levels of ethanol and the garlic oil extract, diallyl sulphide (DAS), on cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) activity in volunteers were studied using the selective probe substrate, chlorzoxazone (CZX). The ratio of the CZX metabolite 6- hydroxychlorzoxazone (6-OHCZX) to CZX was...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/096032701680350587
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), there is extensive overproduction of free radicals to the extent that endogenous anti-oxidants are overwhelmed, permitting oxidative cell damage. The present study examined the benefit of the anti-oxidant compound N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in the management of ARDS by measur...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/0960327107083452
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. A chronic alcoholic with severe metabolic acidosis presents a difficult diagnostic problem. The most common cause is alcoholic ketoacidosis, a syndrome with a typical history but often misleading laboratory findings. This paper will focus on this important and probably underdiagnosed syndrome. 2. The disorder occur...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/096032719601500604
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phenomenon of subtoxic stimulation of organism response is not uncommon in aquatic toxicology experiments. We describe the presence of hormesis in both growth and reproduction experiments in aquatic toxicology where these responses are observed in both animals and plants and at different trophic levels of an ecosy...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/096032719801700505
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The National Toxicology Program (NTP) Technical Reports online database was reviewed to find chemicals that were reported to show clear evidence of carcinogenicity in the NTP rodent studies and for which data on human exposure could be found. Six representative compounds were selected. Three volatile compounds: ethyl ...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327103ht374oa
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The principal impediment to gene therapy is the development of efficient, nontoxic gene carriers that can handle and deliver foreign genetic materials into various cell types, including healthy and cancerous cells. Poly-l-lysine (PLL) polymers are one of the most favorable gene carriers among nonviral vectors, and PLL...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327119846924
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Benzydamine is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, currently available as mouthwash, aerosol, dermal cream, vaginal douche preparation, pills and otic drops. Up to now no cases of poisoning due to this drug have been reported. A 6-year-old girl with an accidental poisoning with benzydamine is described. The episode...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/096032799678840264
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lead exposure was assessed in a random cohort of 70 male papier mâché workers and compared with 35 age and sex matched controls. Blood-lead levels in workers were significantly higher than in controls (Mean 68.07 +/- 44.64 ug/dl vs 25.52 +/- 16.56 ug/dl respectively; P < 0.001). Urinary lead was also higher in workers...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/096032719701600510
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00