Abstract:
:1. A chronic alcoholic with severe metabolic acidosis presents a difficult diagnostic problem. The most common cause is alcoholic ketoacidosis, a syndrome with a typical history but often misleading laboratory findings. This paper will focus on this important and probably underdiagnosed syndrome. 2. The disorder occurs in alcoholics who have had a heavy drinking-bout culminating in severe vomiting, with resulting dehydration, starvation, and then a beta-hydroxybutyrate dominated ketoacidosis. 3. Awareness of this syndrome, thorough history-taking, physical examination and routine laboratory analyses will usually lead to a correct diagnosis. 4. The treatment is simply replacement of fluid, glucose, electrolytes and thiamine. Insulin or alkali should be avoided. 5. The most important differential diagnoses are diabetic ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis and salicylate, methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning, conditions which require quite different treatment. 6. The diagnostic management of unclear cases should always include toxicological tests, urine microscopy for calcium oxalate crystals and calculation of the serum anion and osmolal gaps. 7. It is suggested here, however, that the value of the osmolal gap should be considered against a higher reference limit than has previously been recommended. An osmolal gap above 25 mosm/kg, in a patient with an increased anion gap acidosis, is a strong indicator of methanol or ethylene glycol intoxication.
journal_name
Hum Exp Toxicoljournal_title
Human & experimental toxicologyauthors
Höjer Jdoi
10.1177/096032719601500604subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-06-01 00:00:00pages
482-8issue
6eissn
0960-3271issn
1477-0903journal_volume
15pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:INTRODUCTION:Anthrax is a bacterial disease caused by the aerobic sporeforming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. It has been suggested that oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of B. anthracis. The aim of this study was to investigate serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, catalase activity, malondial...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327116661020
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abstract::Methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen) is widely available in many over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions or medicated oils for the relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains. Ingestion of methyl salicylate poses the threat of severe, rapid-onset salicylate poisoning because of its liquid, concentrated form and...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/096032719601500905
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abstract::The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of Juglans regia kernel extract against cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced lung toxicities in Wistar rats. Prophylactic treatment of methanolic extract of J. regia kernel at the doses of 50 mg/kg b.wt. and 100 mg/kg b.wt was given by gavage to Wistar...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
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abstract::Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) is a skin-penetrating solvent able to induce hepatic damage after chronic exposure. Previous research has indicated that metabolism may be saturated at its present TLV/TWA (10 ppm). Biological monitoring of monomethylacetamide (MMAc), the primary metabolite of DMAc, might therefore underestima...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/096032719301200206
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Naringenin is a naturally occurring flavanones and has been found to exhibit free radical scavenging, enzyme inhibition, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. Present study was designed to evaluate the protective role of naringenin against benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)-induced oxidative stress and pulmo...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
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abstract::1. Following the establishment, in the USA, of the first poisons information centre, in 1953, the movement has grown globally. Originally, such a service was intended to meet an emergency need. Its efficacy has still not been objectively audited. 2. The suggestion now is that clinical toxicology has become such a dive...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
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abstract::Experimental studies have shown that prenatal exposure to lead (Pb) produces morphological changes related to extracellular matrix remodelling. To analyse whether the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly MMP-2, MMP-9, and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2), are associated with morphologica...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
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abstract::This study was carried out on rodents, to explore the neurobehavioral effects of acrylonitrile (AN) administered in drinking water. Thirty, male, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: two exposure groups (50 and 200 ppm AN), and one control group (tap water without AN). Three tests, including th...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The methods used to evaluate the toxicological effects of PCBs in animals have been reviewed. 2. The data show that Toxic Equivalency Factors (TEFs) could be developed to assess the potential toxicity of PCB mixtures for certain specific target organ effects (such as the liver and immune system) but would be inappr...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Southern Africa, the medicinal plant Warburgia salutaris is commonly used for the treatment of inflammatory and other diseases. The methanol extracts of W. salutaris were investigated with regard to a) production of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interferon-gamma; b) a...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
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更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) is a progressive neuropathic disorder that manifests in days to weeks following exposure to an acute dose of organophosphates. The precise mechanism involved in the development of OPIDN is not clear as it develops after many days of the cessation of cholinergic crisis...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327112446842
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clobenpropit, an H( 3) receptor antagonist, has been reported to modulate both the release of neurotransmitters and also the activity of histidine decarboxylase (HDC). Therefore, a decarboxylase-positive modulator, namely pyridoxine, was taken for interaction studies with clobenpropit in the electroshock (ES) model of...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327110372398
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cultures of bovine pulmonary endothelial (BPE) cells were exposed to LC70 doses of ricin or abrin (15.5 and 4.5 pM respectively) over a period of up to 40 h. The viability of the cultures (as determined by the neutral red (NR) dye retention assay) declined after 6 h exposure to the toxins. From 15 h onwards, cellular ...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
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更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is compelling evidence in support of positive associations between zinc (Zn) deficiency and high accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in biological samples of different cancerous patients. The incidence of mouth cancer has been increased among people who possess habit of drinking alcohol, tobacco smoking and chewing wit...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tripartite motif-containing protein 24 (TRIM24) has currently emerged as a crucial cancer-related gene present in a wide range of human cancer types. However, the involvement of TRIM24 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has not been well investigated. The present study aims to investigate the significance, cellular funct...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
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journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/096032719301200108
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Periostin is an extracellular matrix protein from the fasciclin family that guides cellular trafficking and extracellular matrix organization. Periostin stimulates mature cardiomyocytes to reenter the cell cycle. The molecular mechanism behind such stimulation remains to be explored. A DNA microarray technology consti...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
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doi:10.1177/0960327118802617
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Diphenhydramine (DPHM) overdose is a frequent cause of acute poisoning. Although its clinical features are well known, information about the dose-dependent toxicity of DPHM is still scarce. The objective of this study was to investigate the dose-dependent toxicity of DPHM in patients with acute DPHM poisonin...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/096032700671040438
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Morphine-6-glucuronide, the active metabolite of morphine, and to a lesser extent morphine itself are known to accumulate in patients with renal failure. A number of cases on non-lethal morphine toxicity in patients with renal impairment report high plasma concentrations of morphine-6-glucuronide, suggesting that this...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
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journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
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更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
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更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we aimed to investigate disulfide/thiol homeostasis in trichloroethylene (TCE) exposure. The study was carried out in 30 nonsmoker TCE-exposed workers with a variety of occupations. Additionally, 30 healthy nonsmoker volunteers were recruited as the control group. TCE exposure was determined by measurin...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Six healthy male volunteers received intravenous injections of 26Al as citrate. Accelerator mass spectrometry and gamma-ray spectrometry were used to determine levels of the tracer in blood and excreta at times up to 5-6 d. 2. There was a rapid clearance from blood (mean 2% of injection remaining after 1 d) and maj...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
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更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The common effects of acetaminophen (paracetamol), isopropylantipyrine (propyphenazone) and caffeine on fetal development were examined in rats. The mixture was given in Tween 80 solution once daily, in a constant proportion of 5:3:1, during days 8-14 of gestation in three different doses. Dose S1 - 3.5 mg/kg acetamin...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
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更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to compare simultaneously obtained arterial and capillary blood gas (CBG) values in comatose-poisoned patients presented with stable vital signs. Forty-five adult patients with a diagnosis of coma because of poisoning and stable vital signs were included in this prospective study. With respec...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
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更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of moderate lead exposure on testicular endocrine function were evaluated in a group of 90 males who were occupationally exposed to inorganic lead. Lead concentrations in blood and bone were measured as indices of short-term and long-term, cumulative exposure, respectively. The results of this study show t...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
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更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coronary heart disease and in particular its most serious form - acute myocardial infarction (AMI) - represents the most common cause of mortality in developed countries. Better prognosis may be achieved by understanding the etiopathogenetic mechanisms of AMI. Therefore, a catecholamine model of myocardial injury, whi...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
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doi:10.1177/0960327109350665
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Comparisons on a linear and the Rozman logarithmic scale for dosage versus carcinogenicity in rodents are presented for methyl eugenol (ME), nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), ethyl carbamate (EC) and 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF). Each of these chemicals has been shown to be carcinogenic in experimental animals and, in additi...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
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更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00