Abstract:
:Antiviral agents aimed at treating HSV-2 chronically infected individuals have proven to be effective in the prevention of symptomatic genital herpes and the reduction of viral shedding. These agents play a key role in current HIV prevention trials that will assess the role of suppression of HSV-2 infection on the risk for HIV acquisition and transmission. An added clinical benefit of treating HSV-2/HIV-coinfected individuals is the potential survival benefit, as suggested by earlier studies and by the recent findings that HSV-2/HIV dually infected individuals have higher viral loads. The results of the current HSV-2 suppression trials may provide additional tools to fight the global spread of HIV infection. Treatment of HSV-2/HIV dually infected individuals may prove to be a low-cost intervention to improve clinical outcomes and delay the need for antiretroviral therapy.
journal_name
Infect Dis Clin North Amjournal_title
Infectious disease clinics of North Americaauthors
Reynolds SJ,Quinn TCdoi
10.1016/j.idc.2005.04.005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-06-01 00:00:00pages
415-25issue
2eissn
0891-5520issn
1557-9824pii
S0891-5520(05)00036-Xjournal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Oral lesions are easily visualized and often are signs of systemic diseases. Clinical diagnosis of viral and fungal infections can sometimes be confusing because many lesions will have similar clinical presentations. This article reviews the more common viral- and fungal-associated lesions found in the oral cavity in ...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70110-0
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Animal models have proven to be invaluable in bridging the gap between in vitro susceptibility testing of an antibiotic and anticipating results obtained in clinical studies. Variables such as antibiotic concentration, inoculum of organism, and pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug can be carefully controlled to prov...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Invasive candidiasis is a collective term that refers to a group of infectious syndromes caused by a variety of species of Candida, 5 of which cause most cases. Candidemia is the most commonly recognized syndrome associated with invasive candidiasis. Certain conditions may influence the likelihood for one species vers...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.idc.2015.10.013
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vaccine recommendations continue to evolve as a result of new vaccines, safety considerations, changing disease incidence (e.g., polio), and public health priorities. The pace of discovery is accelerating and advisory committees will need to respond accordingly. Each vaccine, new or old, will be required to earn its p...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70264-6
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews the microbiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, and recent advances in the therapy of protozoan and helminthic infections of the central nervous system, with more emphasis given to protozoan than to helminthic infections. ...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Norovirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis. In older adults, it is responsible for an estimated 3.7 million illnesses; 320,000 outpatient visits; 69,000 emergency department visits; 39,000 hospitalizations; and 960 deaths annually in the United States. Older adults are particularly at risk for severe outc...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.idc.2017.07.012
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary or extrapulmonary tuberculosis occurs in 5 to 35 per cent of AIDS patients, frequently precedes the diagnosis of AIDS, and is increasing in incidence. Clinically, AIDS-associated tuberculosis is similar in presentation to progressive, primary tuberculosis and can be treated effectively with standard antitube...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Emerging tick-borne infections continue to be observed in the United States and elsewhere. Current information on the epidemiology, clinical and laboratory features, and treatment of infections due to Ehrlichia muris-like agent, deer tick virus, Borrelia miyamotoi sensu lato, and Heartland virus was provided and criti...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.idc.2015.02.009
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The desideratum of "appropriate" antibiotic therapy include efficacy, safety, and low cost. Strategies for achieving these goals include education, control of the hospital formulary, written justification forms and automatic stop orders, ongoing utilization review, restriction, required consultation, control of labora...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coccidioides, a fungus, is endemic to specific parts of the Western Hemisphere. This article examines the prevalence, pathogenesis and host defense, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of coccidioidomycosis. ...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0891-5520(02)00040-5
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reactive arthritis is classified as a spondyloarthropathy. Current concepts of disease suggest an infectious trigger, followed by inflammatory arthritis. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the interaction of host susceptibility and microorganism. Diagnosis relies on a compatible clinical syndrome and mic...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.idc.2017.01.002
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many functional, demographic, and immunologic changes associated with aging are responsible for increasing the incidence and severity of infectious diseases in the elderly. Management is complicated by age-related organ system changes. Because many of the elderly are on multiple medications for underlying illnesses, a...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.idc.2007.07.006
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nosocomial diarrhea due to infection with C. difficile is a major health care problem, causing 20% to 30% of institutionally acquired diarrhea and affecting up to 8% of hospitalized patients. The clinical microbiology laboratory should be able to provide both diagnostic and epidemiologic services for institutions wher...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Throughout history, infectious diarrhea has been associated with crowding, poor sanitation, and war. Although descriptions of infectious diarrhea exist in the earliest records of civilization, effective measures for prevention were not widely or consistently used until the modern era of active public health promotion....
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.idc.2004.01.006
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traditionally, imaging of renal infections was largely through a multimodality approach. Excretory urography, ultrasonography, nuclear scintigraphy, and CT all played major roles; however, in recent years, CT has increased in prominence in the imaging and evaluation of renal infection. Part of the reason for this tren...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70380-9
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::An ever-increasing population of immunocompromised individuals, including not only the burgeoning AIDS population but also those patients whose host defenses have been damaged by a wide variety of diseases and their therapies, requires prophylaxis against infectious diseases. Existing vaccines can provide some benefit...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::HTLV-1 infection is endemic in several Latin American countries. HTLV-1-associated myelophathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and adult T-cell leukemia lymphoma (ATLL) are emerging diseases in the region. Documented risk factors for acquiring the virus include breast-feeding, contaminated blood transfusion, an...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70225-7
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this article, gynecologic conditions of increased importance in the HIV-infected woman are discussed. Women living with HIV may have an increase in menstrual disorders, lower genital tract neoplasias, gynecologic surgery, and sexually transmitted infections. The literature relevant to choosing a method of contracep...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.idc.2008.05.006
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anti-varicella-zoster virus serum antibody assays and their use in vaccine development are described. Of particular interest are FAMA and neutralization assays and the gpELISA. These and other assays are compared and summarized in terms of characteristics including biologic relevance, sensitivity, specificity, and sui...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70311-1
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The emergence of antimicrobial resistance among several common bacterial pathogens requires that clinical microbiology laboratories have the ability to promptly and accurately recognize resistance in patients' isolates. Laboratories have several options for performing routine susceptibility testing, including the brot...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70390-1
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since the beginning of the epidemic, extensive research has been conducted in the field of HIV infection. Original research and subsequent meta-analyses have contributed to a better understanding of the disease. Epidemiologic research has shown, for example, that male circumcision reduces the risk of female-to-male tr...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.idc.2009.01.013
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In healthy adults and children in developed countries, most foodborne and water-borne infections are short-lived and resolve without specific treatment. In developing areas, these infections may produce acute mortality and chronic morbidity caused by developmental impairment. Immune-compromised hosts are at increased ...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.idc.2013.05.006
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Improvements in donor selection, testing of donors for markers of infection, and viral inactivation of plasma-derived products have helped reduce the risk of transfusion-associated infections, including hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV). The potential for transmission of em...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70419-0
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amebiasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica. This protozoan organism is the third leading parasitic cause of death in the developing world and is an important health risk to travelers in endemic areas. Amebiasis most commonly results in asymptomatic colonization of the gastrointestinal ...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70121-5
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preventing traveler's diarrhea is usually a matter of common sense, good luck, and the host's ability to defend against enteric pathogens, particularly enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Untreated tap water, ice cubes, unpasteurized milk products, salads, food from street vendors, and dining in unhygienic-appearing res...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infection with HIV is a problem of growing magnitude among women and children in the United States. During 1991, AIDS will be among the five leading causes of death for women of childbearing age. Over 80% of children with HIV have acquired the infection vertically, and AIDS is now a leading cause of death of children ...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Viral hepatitis is a major global public health problem affecting hundreds of millions of people and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Five major biologically unrelated hepatotropic viruses cause most of the global burden of viral hepatitis. Hepatitis B and hepatitis C are associated with a signi...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.idc.2019.08.004
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The combination of molecular pathogen diagnostics and the biomarker procalcitonin (PCT) are changing the use of antimicrobials in patients admitted to critical care units with severe community-acquired pneumonia, possible septic shock, or other clinical syndromes. An elevated serum PCT level is good supportive evidenc...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.idc.2017.05.003
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antimicrobial resistance is a natural evolutionary process, which in the case of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is based on spontaneous chromosomal mutations, meaning that well-designed combination drug regimens provided under supervised therapy will prevent the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Unfortunately, limited ...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.idc.2016.02.010
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The identification of characteristic clinical, serologic, and immunologic responses to primary HIV infection has contributed greatly to our understanding of the natural history of HIV infection. Subjects usually present with a mononucleosis-like illness and during the period of primary infection there is a characteris...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00