Abstract：
:The identification of characteristic clinical, serologic, and immunologic responses to primary HIV infection has contributed greatly to our understanding of the natural history of HIV infection. Subjects usually present with a mononucleosis-like illness and during the period of primary infection there is a characteristic four-phase T cell response. Early serologic findings of infection include IgM antibody and free HIV p24 antigen. Tests for mononucleosis yield negative results, but atypical lymphocytosis may be present. We believe there are three primary goals for future research into primary HIV infection: to further define the features of this phase of infection, to develop early intervention strategies effective against HIV, and to further develop and foster education strategies that will prevent primary HIV infection.
journal_name
Infect Dis Clin North Amjournal_title
Infectious disease clinics of North Americaauthors
Tindall B,Cooper DA,Donovan B,Penny Rsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-06-01 00:00:00pages
329-41issue
2eissn
0891-5520issn
1557-9824journal_volume
2pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:This article reviews the changing epidemiology of infections associated with injection drug use, perceived barriers to care, features of successful programs for outpatient antimicrobial treatment, models of shared decision making at the time of discharge, and linkage to preventative care after antimicrobial completion...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2020.06.009
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In older adults, pathophysiologic, clinical, and environmental factors all affect the presentation of infections. We explore how age-related changes influence the manifestation and evaluation of infections in this population. Specific topics include immunosenescence, age-related organ-specific physiologic changes, and...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2017.07.017
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Herpes zoster (HZ) is the result of reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus (VZV) and occurs most frequently in older adults. Classically, HZ presents as a unilateral, selflimited, dermatomal rash. Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a common sequela, presenting as severe pain that persists after the rash has resolv...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2017.07.016
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Norovirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis. In older adults, it is responsible for an estimated 3.7 million illnesses; 320,000 outpatient visits; 69,000 emergency department visits; 39,000 hospitalizations; and 960 deaths annually in the United States. Older adults are particularly at risk for severe outc...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2017.07.012
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vaccine recommendations continue to evolve as a result of new vaccines, safety considerations, changing disease incidence (e.g., polio), and public health priorities. The pace of discovery is accelerating and advisory committees will need to respond accordingly. Each vaccine, new or old, will be required to earn its p...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70264-6
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bronchiolitis is a lower respiratory tract illness caused by viral infection in children 2 years of age and younger, frequently associated with wheezing on physical examination. It is a common cause of hospitalization, particularly in patients with risk factors for more serious disease. The diagnosis can be made based...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2017.10.002
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antiretroviral management of treatment-naive patients begins with the decision of when to start treatment. Current treatment guidelines suggest starting therapy in anyone with AIDS, HIV-related symptoms, or a CD4 cell count less than 200/mm3 regardless of symptoms. Starting treatment in asymptomatic patients with CD4 ...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2007.01.002
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Campylobacter is now known to be a major cause of gastrointestinal illness throughout the world. There are seven species known to be associated with enteritis, and it is likely that more will be described. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for more than 95 per cent of the cases of diarrhea due to Campylobacter. Cont...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oral mucositis is a serious complication of cancer therapy and in severely immunosuppressed patients. In immunosuppressed patients, the signs and symptoms of infection often are muted because of limited host response, and accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment may be difficult. Prevention of mucosal breakdown, s...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2007.03.003
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent decades have witnessed the emergence and spread of parasites resistant to standard drug therapies, particularly malaria. Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum has now spread to most malarial areas, and resistance to other antimalarial drugs, including mefloquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, have become ...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70400-1
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article discusses two tick-borne illnesses: Powassan encephalitis, a rare cause of central nervous system infection caused by the Powassan virus, and Colorado tick fever, an acute febrile illness caused by the Colorado tick fever virus common to the Rocky Mountain region of North America. ...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2008.03.001
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although a small number of infections in total joint replacements are blood borne from distant sources, most infections appear to have been derived at operation. Strenuous attempts to reduce this risk by cleaning the air in the wound environment, coupled with prophylactic antibiotics, have reduced infection rates by a...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Injection drug use is the most common transmission route for hepatitis C. High rates of infection are observed among individuals on opioid agonist therapy. Although people who inject drugs carry the highest burden, few have initiated treatment. We present a comprehensive review of the evidence on the efficacy of HCV m...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2018.02.001
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock remains a challenge as we approach the next millennium. Although more attention is being given to guidelines and care pathways for sepsis, these are unfortunately based primarily on consensus opinion. Additional research into supportive interventions in this potentially ...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70088-x
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a deadly zoonotic disease caused by the Ebola virus. There is no specific treatment approved for EVD. Supportive care and management of complications are mainstays of treatment. Effective outbreak control requires a multidisciplinary team effort applying case management, infection preventi...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2019.08.005
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antimicrobial resistance is a natural evolutionary process, which in the case of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is based on spontaneous chromosomal mutations, meaning that well-designed combination drug regimens provided under supervised therapy will prevent the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Unfortunately, limited ...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2016.02.010
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:HTLV-1 infection is endemic in several Latin American countries. HTLV-1-associated myelophathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and adult T-cell leukemia lymphoma (ATLL) are emerging diseases in the region. Documented risk factors for acquiring the virus include breast-feeding, contaminated blood transfusion, an...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70225-7
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Compromised travelers represent a diverse and challenging group of individuals. They include HIV-infected patients who are at risk for potentially adverse reactions to immunizations, and new exposures to enteric water-borne opportunistic pathogens associated with chronic infections. Such travelers may encounter unfami...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70010-6
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serum protein binding of antimicrobials can reduce antimicrobial activity, restrict tissue distribution, and delay drug elimination. Binding percentages of 80 per cent or more have the potential to significantly reduce free drug levels and affect therapeutic efficacy in patients. However, binding-induced alterations i...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many functional, demographic, and immunologic changes associated with aging are responsible for increasing the incidence and severity of infectious diseases in the elderly. Management is complicated by age-related organ system changes. Because many of the elderly are on multiple medications for underlying illnesses, a...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2007.07.006
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Histoplasmosis is a fungus disease of nearly worldwide distribution. Because of its wide distribution and tendency to be endemic near large cities, it is the most common systemic mycosis in the United States, with an estimated 500,000 new infections per year. Although millions of persons in the United States have been...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:At the heart of imminent healthcare reform are the future physicians of this decade. Medical educators will want to stimulate a desire within students to practice humanitarian, cost-effective, community-oriented primary care. Further studies to examine the effects of medical student experiences in international electi...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) syndrome is a potentially life-threatening infection typified by a combination of a capillary leak syndrome and bleeding diathesis. Most but not all agents causing VHF are arboviruses, with transmission to humans resulting from an arthropod bite. Agents of VHF affect humans on all con...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2012.02.003
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have proposed a model in which the initiation of human parturition in the presence of infection is controlled by the host. Systemic maternal infections such as pyelonephritis or localized infections such as deciduitis can trigger parturition by the activation of the monocyte and macrophage system in peripheral bloo...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70347-0
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antimicrobial stewardship programs aim to monitor, improve, and measure responsible antibiotic use. The intensive care unit (ICU), with its critically ill patients and prevalence of multiple drug-resistant pathogens, presents unique challenges. This article reviews approaches to stewardship with application to the ICU...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2017.05.002
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Throughout history, infectious diarrhea has been associated with crowding, poor sanitation, and war. Although descriptions of infectious diarrhea exist in the earliest records of civilization, effective measures for prevention were not widely or consistently used until the modern era of active public health promotion....
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2004.01.006
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article reviews in brief the basic principles of echocardiography and their application in infective endocarditis. The role of echocardiography in relation to surgical decision making is emphasized. The special problems of vegetations, valve ring abscess, leaflet perforation, prosthetic valve endocarditis, and in...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The rapid rate of increase in reported cases of Lyme disease exceeds that of any zoonotic disease, and the annual occurrence of cases is greater than the sum of all other tick-borne illnesses in the United States. This, in addition to the geographic spread of cases to most of the United States, has greatly heightened ...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Influenza is a zoonotic respiratory virus that affects birds, mammals, and humans. Influenza viruses are unique in their genetic instability, which frequently results in antigenic drift or shift. Antigenic shifts are responsible for influenza epidemics. Influenza A pandemics have been responsible for millions of death...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0891-5520(03)00095-3
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article familiarizes the clinician with the principles of bacterial susceptibility testing and reporting to facilitate communication with the clinical microbiology laboratory. The emergence of resistance in nearly all commonly isolated bacterial organisms has highlighted the need for ongoing dialogue between the ...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2004.04.001
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
