Abstract：
:Animal models have proven to be invaluable in bridging the gap between in vitro susceptibility testing of an antibiotic and anticipating results obtained in clinical studies. Variables such as antibiotic concentration, inoculum of organism, and pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug can be carefully controlled to provide information about the principles of treating infectious diseases as well as an evaluation of specific antimicrobial agents. End points of treatment can be precisely defined (that is, CSF sterility in meningitis, vegetation counts of bacteria in endocarditis) to allow a quantitative evaluation of a new antibiotic. However, it is important to realize that there may be differences in disease pathogenesis and antibiotic pharmacokinetics between experimental infections in animal models and infections in humans. Therefore, results in animal models should be interpreted with caution and compared with results obtained with antimicrobial regimens in clinical studies. Perhaps one of the most useful features of animal models is suggesting which antimicrobials would not be expected to be of therapeutic benefit in man.
journal_name
Infect Dis Clin North Amjournal_title
Infectious disease clinics of North Americaauthors
Tunkel AR,Scheld WMsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-09-01 00:00:00pages
441-59issue
3eissn
0891-5520issn
1557-9824journal_volume
3pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:CSF evaluation is the single most important aspect of the laboratory diagnosis of meningitis. Analysis of the CSF abnormalities produced by bacterial, mycobacterial, and fungal infections may greatly facilitate diagnosis and direct initial therapy. Basic studies of CSF that should be performed in all patients with men...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although antimicrobial stewardship has been shown to improve microbiologic susceptibility patterns, decrease drug toxicities, and lower overall drug costs in the inpatient setting, there are few studies assessing programs in the long-term care (LTC) setting. Implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs in LTC setti...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2014.01.001
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As the result of a formidable effort, the recent TB epidemic in the United States has abated; however, major questions remain as the risk of TB diminishes. Will we maintain an adequate public health effort not only to prevent another resurgence of TB but also to renew our pursuit of TB elimination? Do we have the will...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70200-2
更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inoculation of Treponema pallidum during intimate physical contact is followed by development of a papule that rapidly erodes, yielding the syphilitic chancre. Hematogenous dissemination results in secondary syphilis, a multisystem disease characterized by skin rash, lymph node enlargement, hepatitis, arthritis, and c...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) syndrome is a potentially life-threatening infection typified by a combination of a capillary leak syndrome and bleeding diathesis. Most but not all agents causing VHF are arboviruses, with transmission to humans resulting from an arthropod bite. Agents of VHF affect humans on all con...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2012.02.003
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Invasive candidiasis is a collective term that refers to a group of infectious syndromes caused by a variety of species of Candida, 5 of which cause most cases. Candidemia is the most commonly recognized syndrome associated with invasive candidiasis. Certain conditions may influence the likelihood for one species vers...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2015.10.013
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the leading cause of death from infectious diseases in the United States. It accounts for 500,000 hospitalizations and 45,000 deaths each year, and it represents one of the most common causes of ICU admission. The mortality rate due to severe CAP has shown little improvement over ...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2009.04.003
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Campylobacter is now known to be a major cause of gastrointestinal illness throughout the world. There are seven species known to be associated with enteritis, and it is likely that more will be described. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for more than 95 per cent of the cases of diarrhea due to Campylobacter. Cont...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Infections accompanying severe pancreatitis are secondary and of three types: infected pancreatic necrosis, infected pseudocyst (including peripancreatic fluid collection), and pancreatic abscess. The first is an earlier, more morbid process, with antibiotics supportive and surgical debridement necessary. The latter t...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antiviral agents aimed at treating HSV-2 chronically infected individuals have proven to be effective in the prevention of symptomatic genital herpes and the reduction of viral shedding. These agents play a key role in current HIV prevention trials that will assess the role of suppression of HSV-2 infection on the ris...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2005.04.005
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Septic arthritis still continues to be a common and serious problem at major urban medical centers and is one of the most rapidly destructive forms of acute arthritis. The yearly incidence of bacterial arthritis varies from 2 to 10 per 100,000 in the general population to 30 to 70 per 100,000 in patients with rheumato...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2006.09.005
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antimicrobial resistance is a common iatrogenic complication of both modern life and medical care. Certain multidrug resistant and extensively drug resistant Gram-negative organisms pose the biggest challenges to health care today, predominantly owing to a lack of therapeutic options. Containing the spread of these or...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2016.08.001
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ultrasound for diagnosis and staging of schistosomiasis and echinococcosis have paved the way over the past several decades for the application of ultrasound in tropical diseases. Until recently, the size and cost of ultrasound systems limited the application in low-resource settings. The increase in portable ultrasou...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2018.10.008
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The approach to neurologic diagnosis and management of HIV-infected and AIDS patients follows that used in general neurologic practice but takes into account the altered probabilities of differential diagnosis in this group of patients. Clinical and neurodiagnostic evaluations, when pursued with a background understan...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Throughout history, infectious diarrhea has been associated with crowding, poor sanitation, and war. Although descriptions of infectious diarrhea exist in the earliest records of civilization, effective measures for prevention were not widely or consistently used until the modern era of active public health promotion....
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2004.01.006
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heart transplant remain the definitive therapy for end-stage heart failure but is limited by the availability of suitable donors. Ventricular assist devices (VAD) are designed as mechanical pumps to supplement or replace the function of damaged ventricles and maintain appropriate blood flow in patients with end-stage ...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2018.07.001
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although most patients with suspected CAP respond to empiric therapy,a small number of patients do not respond in the expected fashion. Age and underlying comorbid conditions have a strong influence on the course of illness. Less common causes of treatment failures include overwhelming infection, antimicrobial resista...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2004.07.009
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Emerging tick-borne infections continue to be observed in the United States and elsewhere. Current information on the epidemiology, clinical and laboratory features, and treatment of infections due to Ehrlichia muris-like agent, deer tick virus, Borrelia miyamotoi sensu lato, and Heartland virus was provided and criti...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2015.02.009
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bronchiolitis is a lower respiratory tract illness caused by viral infection in children 2 years of age and younger, frequently associated with wheezing on physical examination. It is a common cause of hospitalization, particularly in patients with risk factors for more serious disease. The diagnosis can be made based...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2017.10.002
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Water serves as a major reservoir for the environmental mycobacteria. Many cases of cutaneous mycobacterial disease result from water exposure. The current theory of the pathogenesis of M. avium complex lung disease involves inhalation of organisms aerosolized from surface water. Disseminated M. avium disease in AIDS ...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Coccidioides, a fungus, is endemic to specific parts of the Western Hemisphere. This article examines the prevalence, pathogenesis and host defense, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of coccidioidomycosis. ...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0891-5520(02)00040-5
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fulminant meningitis requires aggressive management in an intensive care unit setting. The pathophysiology of the various factors that damage the central nervous system in this disease have been reviewed, as well as the management of the many complications of this serious, often devastating, infection. The etiologic a...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Successful antimicrobial stewardship programs rely on engagement with hospital administrators. Antimicrobial stewards should understand the unique pressures and demands of hospital and health system administration and be familiar with key terminology and regulatory requirements. This article provides guidance on strat...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2019.10.003
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Considering experience acquired in the past years, it seems as though physicians have reached a plateau in the frequency of peritonitis. A peritonitis rate of 1 every 2 patient years may be acceptable. Further reduction of this peritonitis rate will require inordinately large efforts on all fronts. One will have to co...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70171-9
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Critical-care units can be barometers for appropriate antimicrobial use. There, life and death hang on empirical antimicrobial therapy for treatment of infectious diseases. With increasing therapeutic empiricism, triple-drug, broad-spectrum regimens are often necessary, but cannot be continued without fear of the doub...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2009.04.015
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fever of unknown origin is a topic that has enduring interest to physicians. Prolonged fevers of infectious etiology were of particular concern to the ancient physician. This overview of prolonged fevers in antiquity focuses on malaria and typhoid fever as the primary infectious causes. By studying texts from Mesopota...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.idc.2007.08.010
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The number of species that comprise the family of Bartonellaceae, genus Bartonella, has recently increased from one to 11 species, five of which have been associated with different diseases and syndromes in humans. The rapidly growing number of human pathogens has led several investigators to regard bartonellosis and ...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70215-4
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anti-varicella-zoster virus serum antibody assays and their use in vaccine development are described. Of particular interest are FAMA and neutralization assays and the gpELISA. These and other assays are compared and summarized in terms of characteristics including biologic relevance, sensitivity, specificity, and sui...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70311-1
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:HA-1A is a human monoclonal IgM antibody that binds to endotoxin. The results of the clinical trials of HA-1A demonstrate that HA-1A reduces mortality among patients with sepsis and gram-negative bacteremia. Secondary endpoints, including resolution of organ failure, discharge from intensive care unit, and discharge f...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article presents a discussion of the management of vascular prosthetic infections. The emphasis is on aortic graft infections, but other peripheral graft infections are also discussed. ...
journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00
