Prolonged and perplexing fevers in antiquity: malaria and typhoid fever.

abstract：:Opportunistic ocular infections are a common and important complication of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Cytomegalovirus retinitis is by far the most frequent infection, but other viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections of the posterior segment of the eye may be seen. Infections of the anterior segment ar...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Dunn JP,Holland GN

更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Norovirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis. In older adults, it is responsible for an estimated 3.7 million illnesses; 320,000 outpatient visits; 69,000 emergency department visits; 39,000 hospitalizations; and 960 deaths annually in the United States. Older adults are particularly at risk for severe outc...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Cardemil CV,Parashar UD,Hall AJ

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genome-wide association studies have identified polymorphisms located near the gene encoding IL28B, which turned out to be the best predictor of response to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infection. This association was extended to spontaneous clearance of HCV, sugge...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Berger CT,Kim AY

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this article, gynecologic conditions of increased importance in the HIV-infected woman are discussed. Women living with HIV may have an increase in menstrual disorders, lower genital tract neoplasias, gynecologic surgery, and sexually transmitted infections. The literature relevant to choosing a method of contracep...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Cejtin HE

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The central nervous system and systemic complications of bacterial meningitis cause significant morbidity and mortality. This article offers insight into the clinical features, pathogenesis, and management of these complications. In many instances, the improved outcome of intervention is based on clinical suspicion an...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Rauf SJ,Roberts NJ Jr

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vaccine recommendations continue to evolve as a result of new vaccines, safety considerations, changing disease incidence (e.g., polio), and public health priorities. The pace of discovery is accelerating and advisory committees will need to respond accordingly. Each vaccine, new or old, will be required to earn its p...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Gardner P,Peter G

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pulmonary or extrapulmonary tuberculosis occurs in 5 to 35 per cent of AIDS patients, frequently precedes the diagnosis of AIDS, and is increasing in incidence. Clinically, AIDS-associated tuberculosis is similar in presentation to progressive, primary tuberculosis and can be treated effectively with standard antitube...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Jacobson MA

更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An overview of the mechanism of action, dosing, clinical indications, and toxicities of the glycopeptide vancomycin is provided. Emerging gram-positive bacterial resistance to antimicrobials and its mechanisms are reviewed. Strategies to control emergence of resistance are proposed. Newer antimicrobial agents with act...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Lundstrom TS,Sobel JD

更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Animal models have proven to be invaluable in bridging the gap between in vitro susceptibility testing of an antibiotic and anticipating results obtained in clinical studies. Variables such as antibiotic concentration, inoculum of organism, and pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug can be carefully controlled to prov...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Tunkel AR,Scheld WM

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A polyvalent vaccine has been prepared from the capsular polysaccharide of 24 different serotypes of Klebsiella spp. Nearly 200 volunteers have received this vaccine. It is very well tolerated and elicits both binding (ELISA) and functional antibody to 21 of 24 antigens. Antibodies were also detected against 10 seroty...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Cross AS,Sadoff JC,Furer E,Cryz SJ Jr

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Amebiasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica. This protozoan organism is the third leading parasitic cause of death in the developing world and is an important health risk to travelers in endemic areas. Amebiasis most commonly results in asymptomatic colonization of the gastrointestinal ...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Hughes MA,Petri WA Jr

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In healthy adults and children in developed countries, most foodborne and water-borne infections are short-lived and resolve without specific treatment. In developing areas, these infections may produce acute mortality and chronic morbidity caused by developmental impairment. Immune-compromised hosts are at increased ...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Steiner T

更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although only few cases of diphtheria are reported annually in the United States, substantial numbers of adults have declining levels of protective serum antitoxin. A recent outbreak of diphtheria in Sweden emphasizes the importance of reimmunizing adults in diphtheria toxoid, included as part of routine use of tetanu...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Edwards KM

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Considering experience acquired in the past years, it seems as though physicians have reached a plateau in the frequency of peritonitis. A peritonitis rate of 1 every 2 patient years may be acceptable. Further reduction of this peritonitis rate will require inordinately large efforts on all fronts. One will have to co...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Vas S,Oreopoulos DG

更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:HIV and tropical infections affect each other mutually. HIV infection may alter the natural history of tropical infectious diseases, impede rapid diagnosis, or reduce the efficacy of antiparasitic treatment. Tropical infections may facilitate the transmission of HIV and accelerate progression from asymptomatic HIV inf...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Harms G,Feldmeier H

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antiretroviral management of treatment-naive patients begins with the decision of when to start treatment. Current treatment guidelines suggest starting therapy in anyone with AIDS, HIV-related symptoms, or a CD4 cell count less than 200/mm3 regardless of symptoms. Starting treatment in asymptomatic patients with CD4 ...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Gulick RM

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The identification of characteristic clinical, serologic, and immunologic responses to primary HIV infection has contributed greatly to our understanding of the natural history of HIV infection. Subjects usually present with a mononucleosis-like illness and during the period of primary infection there is a characteris...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Tindall B,Cooper DA,Donovan B,Penny R

更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a deadly zoonotic disease caused by the Ebola virus. There is no specific treatment approved for EVD. Supportive care and management of complications are mainstays of treatment. Effective outbreak control requires a multidisciplinary team effort applying case management, infection preventi...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Nicastri E,Kobinger G,Vairo F,Montaldo C,Mboera LEG,Ansunama R,Zumla A,Ippolito G

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antimicrobial stewardship programs aim to monitor, improve, and measure responsible antibiotic use. The intensive care unit (ICU), with its critically ill patients and prevalence of multiple drug-resistant pathogens, presents unique challenges. This article reviews approaches to stewardship with application to the ICU...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Doernberg SB,Chambers HF

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the preantibiotic era, deep fascial space infections were common, and physicians were well acquainted with their complex and sometimes subtle manifestations. Widespread use of antibiotics, however, not only has significantly decreased the incidence of deep neck infections but also has altered their clinical manifes...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Blomquist IK,Bayer AS

更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:HTLV-1 infection is endemic in several Latin American countries. HTLV-1-associated myelophathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and adult T-cell leukemia lymphoma (ATLL) are emerging diseases in the region. Documented risk factors for acquiring the virus include breast-feeding, contaminated blood transfusion, an...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Gotuzzo E,Arango C,de Queiroz-Campos A,Istúriz RE

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nosocomial diarrhea due to infection with C. difficile is a major health care problem, causing 20% to 30% of institutionally acquired diarrhea and affecting up to 8% of hospitalized patients. The clinical microbiology laboratory should be able to provide both diagnostic and epidemiologic services for institutions wher...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Peterson LR,Kelly PJ

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lyme disease affects the nervous system in about 10% to 15% of infected individuals, most commonly causing lymphocytic meningitis. Cranial neuropathies, particularly facial nerve palsy, also occur frequently. Figuring prominently in the European literature, but less emphasized in the United States, is painful radiculi...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Halperin JJ

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article familiarizes the clinician with the principles of bacterial susceptibility testing and reporting to facilitate communication with the clinical microbiology laboratory. The emergence of resistance in nearly all commonly isolated bacterial organisms has highlighted the need for ongoing dialogue between the ...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Joyce M,Woods CW

更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock remains a challenge as we approach the next millennium. Although more attention is being given to guidelines and care pathways for sepsis, these are unfortunately based primarily on consensus opinion. Additional research into supportive interventions in this potentially ...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Dellinger RP

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article summarizes the epidemiologic evidence linking Mycoplasma genitalium to sexually transmitted disease syndromes, including male urethritis, and female cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, and adverse birth outcomes. It discusses the relationship of this bacterium to human immunodeficiency v...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Manhart LE

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:HIV testing and incidence are stable, but trends for certain populations are concerning. Primary prevention must be reinvigorated and target vulnerable populations. Science and policy have progressed to improve the accuracy, speed, privacy, and affordability of HIV testing. More potent and much better tolerated HIV tr...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Rodriguez CV,Horberg MA

更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytomegalovirus (CMV) continues to be responsible for a substantial fraction of the morbidity and mortality that follows organ transplantation. The three major consequences of CMV infection are CMV disease (encompassing a range of clinical illness), superinfection with opportunistic pathogens, and injury to the transp...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Hibberd PL,Snydman DR

更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Within the past several years, the decision to employ outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) is driven by adequacy of insurance, availability of appropriate resources within the community, and the clinical stability of the patient. Current dogma is that virtually any diagnosed disease can be treated outside t...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Brown RB

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diarrhea is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. The causes of acute diarrhea in children vary with the location, time of year, and population studied. There is increasing recognition of a widening array of enteric pathogens associated with diarrheal diseases. Adequate fluid ...

journal_title：Infectious disease clinics of North America

authors： Dennehy PH

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00