Abstract:
:Infections accompanying severe pancreatitis are secondary and of three types: infected pancreatic necrosis, infected pseudocyst (including peripancreatic fluid collection), and pancreatic abscess. The first is an earlier, more morbid process, with antibiotics supportive and surgical debridement necessary. The latter two processes occur later in the course of pancreatitis and are less morbid. Antibiotics are supportive and invasive-nonsurgical drainage methods are possible. The decision for intervention is based first on clinical toxicity as determined by an overall assessment by the clinician. The presence of parenchymal necrosis is best determined by the dynamic bolus CT scan. The presence of infection is best determined by percutaneous CT-guided aspiration. Infected necrosis is fatal unless treated with operative intervention. A peripancreatic fluid collection, pseudocyst, or pancreatic abscess needs to be treated if symptomatic. If infected, as determined by CT-guided needle aspiration, then they should be drained. Radiologic or endoscopic invasive-nonsurgical methods are tried initially and then surgery is attempted if they fail. The nonsurgical methods are most successful with pancreatitis of a nonbiliary or a nonalcohol etiology.
journal_name
Infect Dis Clin North Amjournal_title
Infectious disease clinics of North Americaauthors
Traverso LWsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-09-01 00:00:00pages
601-11issue
3eissn
0891-5520issn
1557-9824journal_volume
6pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Opportunistic ocular infections are a common and important complication of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Cytomegalovirus retinitis is by far the most frequent infection, but other viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections of the posterior segment of the eye may be seen. Infections of the anterior segment ar...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In older adults, pathophysiologic, clinical, and environmental factors all affect the presentation of infections. We explore how age-related changes influence the manifestation and evaluation of infections in this population. Specific topics include immunosenescence, age-related organ-specific physiologic changes, and...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.idc.2017.07.017
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::An increasing number of HIV-infected patients will require surgical therapy. The methods of diagnosis and therapeutic planning for HIV-infected patients are the same as for all other patients. Surgery should be advised if an operation is likely to have a positive effect on the patient's life. Most patients with AIDS w...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Various nontuberculous mycobacteria can cause infection of skin and soft tissues. These organisms are also known as atypical mycobacteria, anonymous mycobacteria, and mycobacteria other than tuberculosis. These organisms are much more common causes of cutaneous infection than Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infections cau...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although infective endocarditis is certainly not the most common infection seen in injecting drug users, it is the infection that clinicians most commonly think of when they consider infectious complications of injected drug use. The microbiology of infective endocarditis in injection drug users has remained relativel...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0891-5520(02)00019-3
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The central nervous system and systemic complications of bacterial meningitis cause significant morbidity and mortality. This article offers insight into the clinical features, pathogenesis, and management of these complications. In many instances, the improved outcome of intervention is based on clinical suspicion an...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70099-4
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nature of infections after solid-organ transplantation has changed with increasingly potent immunosuppressive regimens, routine use of antimicrobial prophylaxis, and improved microbiologic diagnostic tools. New pathogens have been identified in this population including many with significant antimicrobial resistan...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.idc.2010.01.005
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Improvements in donor selection, testing of donors for markers of infection, and viral inactivation of plasma-derived products have helped reduce the risk of transfusion-associated infections, including hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV). The potential for transmission of em...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70419-0
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytomegalovirus (CMV) continues to be responsible for a substantial fraction of the morbidity and mortality that follows organ transplantation. The three major consequences of CMV infection are CMV disease (encompassing a range of clinical illness), superinfection with opportunistic pathogens, and injury to the transp...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the lethal end stage of a sexually transmitted disease caused by a virus that is producing the major epidemic of our century. In this article we describe the history and epidemiology of AIDS and the disease states associated with infection with the human immunodeficiency vi...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The returning traveler with fever presents a diagnostic challenge for the health care provider. When evaluating such a patient, the highest priority should be given to diseases that are potentially fatal or may represent public health threats. A good history is paramount and needs to include destination, time and dura...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.idc.2007.08.005
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Influenza is a zoonotic respiratory virus that affects birds, mammals, and humans. Influenza viruses are unique in their genetic instability, which frequently results in antigenic drift or shift. Antigenic shifts are responsible for influenza epidemics. Influenza A pandemics have been responsible for millions of death...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0891-5520(03)00095-3
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Erythema migrans (EM) is the most common objective manifestation of Borrelia burgdorferi infection. Systemic symptoms are usually present. Most patients do not recall a preceding tick bite. Despite a characteristic appearance, EM is not pathognomonic for Lyme disease and must be distinguished from other similar appear...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.idc.2015.02.001
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The desideratum of "appropriate" antibiotic therapy include efficacy, safety, and low cost. Strategies for achieving these goals include education, control of the hospital formulary, written justification forms and automatic stop orders, ongoing utilization review, restriction, required consultation, control of labora...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::At the heart of imminent healthcare reform are the future physicians of this decade. Medical educators will want to stimulate a desire within students to practice humanitarian, cost-effective, community-oriented primary care. Further studies to examine the effects of medical student experiences in international electi...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bioterrorism preparedness is clearly a goal for the health care community, working in concert with city, county, state, and federal public health and emergency authorities and in collaboration with law enforcement at the local and federal levels. Opening the channels of communication between all groups involved, obtai...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70189-6
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article updates the epidemiologic situation of HIV and AIDS infection and summarizes the most common clinical manifestations in Latin American countries. As of December 1992, a total of 59,723 AIDS cases had been reported to the Pan American Health Organization from Mexico, Central America, South America, and the...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although most patients with suspected CAP respond to empiric therapy,a small number of patients do not respond in the expected fashion. Age and underlying comorbid conditions have a strong influence on the course of illness. Less common causes of treatment failures include overwhelming infection, antimicrobial resista...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.idc.2004.07.009
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pneumonia remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the immunocompromised host. The type and timing of immunosuppression will predispose the patient to infections with certain pathogens. This article discusses the types of immunosuppression and their infectious and noninfectious implications. Key points of t...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70210-5
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Compromised travelers represent a diverse and challenging group of individuals. They include HIV-infected patients who are at risk for potentially adverse reactions to immunizations, and new exposures to enteric water-borne opportunistic pathogens associated with chronic infections. Such travelers may encounter unfami...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70010-6
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article summarizes the epidemiologic evidence linking Mycoplasma genitalium to sexually transmitted disease syndromes, including male urethritis, and female cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, and adverse birth outcomes. It discusses the relationship of this bacterium to human immunodeficiency v...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.idc.2013.08.003
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vaccination usually means the immunization of persons or animals against foreign infectious organisms for disease prevention. However, it has now been demonstrated that immunization against certain self substances to which tolerance normally exists can elicit beneficial effects to humans and other animals without indu...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bronchiolitis is a lower respiratory tract illness caused by viral infection in children 2 years of age and younger, frequently associated with wheezing on physical examination. It is a common cause of hospitalization, particularly in patients with risk factors for more serious disease. The diagnosis can be made based...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.idc.2017.10.002
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A small number of bacterial agents, including enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), Shigella and Vibrio cholerae 01 and one virus, rotavirus, combine to cause a major proportion of the diarrheal illness of public health importance worldwide. Salmonella typhi is by far the major caus...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coccidioides, a fungus, is endemic to specific parts of the Western Hemisphere. This article examines the prevalence, pathogenesis and host defense, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of coccidioidomycosis. ...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0891-5520(02)00040-5
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Renal transplant recipients continue to have progressive kidney dysfunction and renal graft loss has been attributed to emerging opportunistic infections, specifically BK virus (BKV). BKV is postulated to be selected by the new potent immunosuppressive medications and to be an important factor in graft failure. The pr...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.idc.2013.02.002
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vancomycin and daptomycin are options for the initial treatment of patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia. Treatment options for persistent MRSA bacteremia or bacteremia due to vancomycin-intermediate or vancomycin-resistant strains include daptomycin, ceftaroline, and combination ...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.idc.2020.04.003
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::It appears incontestable that there is a link between genital ulcer disease and HIV infection. On the one hand the natural history and response to therapy of syphilis, HSV-2, and chancroid are all modified by the immunosuppressive effects of HIV infection. On the other hand, HIV transmission is probably facilitated by...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Norovirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis. In older adults, it is responsible for an estimated 3.7 million illnesses; 320,000 outpatient visits; 69,000 emergency department visits; 39,000 hospitalizations; and 960 deaths annually in the United States. Older adults are particularly at risk for severe outc...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.idc.2017.07.012
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oral mucositis is a serious complication of cancer therapy and in severely immunosuppressed patients. In immunosuppressed patients, the signs and symptoms of infection often are muted because of limited host response, and accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment may be difficult. Prevention of mucosal breakdown, s...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.idc.2007.03.003
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00