Abstract：
:Serologic assays for HBV are the mainstay diagnostic tools for HBV infection. However, the advent of molecular biology-based techniques has added a new dimension to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with chronic HBV infection. Over the past decade, improvements in molecular technology, permitting detection of as few as 10 copies/mL of HBV DNA in serum have led to redefinitions of chronic HBV infection, as well as thresholds for antiviral treatment. As the sensitivity of these molecular techniques continues to improve, the challenge will be to standardize these assays as well as define clinically significant levels of HBV replication.
journal_name
Clin Liver Disjournal_title
Clinics in liver diseaseauthors
Servoss JC,Friedman LSdoi
10.1016/j.cld.2004.02.001subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-05-01 00:00:00pages
267-81issue
2eissn
1089-3261issn
1557-8224pii
S1089-3261(04)00012-1journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) represents a continuum of transient and reversible neurologic and psychiatric dysfunction. It is a reversible state of impaired cognitive function or altered consciousness in patients with liver disease or portosystemic shunting. Over the last several years, high-quality studies have been c...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2012.03.009
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) can be predictable or idiosyncratic and has an estimated incidence of approximately 20 cases per 100,000 persons per year. DILI is a common cause of acute liver failure in the United States. No accurate tests for diagnosing DILI exist, and its diagnosis is based on exclusion of other c...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2016.08.012
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have many treatment options. For patients with surgical indication, consideration of future liver remnant and the surgical complexity of the procedure is essential. A new 3-level complexity classification categorizing 11 liver resection procedures predicts surgical complexi...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2020.07.004
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In conclusion, the natural history of chronic HCV infection has not yet been fully defined. Current data suggest that the process runs an indolent course during the first two decades after initial infection, accounting for modest morbidity and mortality. Serious sequelae are more likely to emerge as the disease proces...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1089-3261(05)70323-8
更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The past decade has brought tremendous growth in the under-standing of the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in cholestasis, both at the genetic and acquired levels. The discovery and characterization of an array of hepatobiliary transport proteins, the nuclear receptors that regulate them, and the potential clinic...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S1089-3261(03)00125-9
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mathematical modeling of hepatitis C viral kinetics has been an important tool in understanding hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection dynamics and in estimating crucial in vivo parameters characterizing the effectiveness of HCV therapy. Because of the introduction of direct-acting antiviral agents, there is a need to exte...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2012.09.003
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:AMA are detected in the serum of 92% to 95% of patients with PBC using indirect immunofluorescent methods. AIC is the term used to describe the 5% to 8% of AMA-negative PBC patients who uniformly have ANA and SMA. Recent applications of more sensitive and specific tests to detect serum AMA have shown that most, if not...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S1089-3261(03)00132-6
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The metabolic syndrome and the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are 2 global health care challenges with a complex interaction. Insulin resistance, a central component of the metabolic syndrome, is epidemiologically and pathophysiologically intrinsically linked to HCV infection. Insulin resistance and diabetes affect...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2013.09.007
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1089-3261(02)00052-1
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with sickle cell disease can develop liver disease as a result of intrahepatic sickling of erythrocytes, viral hepatitis and iron overload secondary to multiple blood transfusions, and gallstone disease as a result of chronic hemolysis. The spectrum of clinical liver disease is wide and often multifactorial. ...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2018.12.002
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The management of autoimmune and cholestatic liver disorders is a challenging area of hepatology. Autoimmune and cholestatic liver diseases represent a comparatively small proportion of hepatobiliary disorders, yet their appropriate management is of critical importance for patient survival. In this article, management...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2009.02.011
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Both covert hepatic encephalopathy (CHE) and overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) impair the ability to operate machinery. The legal responsibilities of US physicians who diagnose and treat patients with hepatic encephalopathy vary among states. It is imperative that physicians know the laws regarding reporting in their...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2015.04.004
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) is increasingly recognized as an important and common public health problem that can lead to cirrhosis and hepatic failure. Because it is often asymptomatic,many people may not know that they have it. NAFL is closely linked to obesity, which in the United States and other developed coun...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2004.04.008
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The dual blood supply of the liver, originating from the portal vein and the hepatic artery, makes it relatively resistant to minor circulatory disturbances. However, hepatic manifestations of common cardiovascular disorders are frequently encountered in both the inpatient and outpatient setting. Beginning with the ma...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2010.09.010
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is prevalent in the cirrhotic population, it has also been considered a potentially reversible condition. Liver transplantation represents the ultimate reversal of the decompensated cirrhotic state and should provide the best option for the reversibility of HE. However, the neurolo...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2011.12.004
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are among the most common drugs associated with drug-induced liver injury, with an estimated incidence of between 3 and 23 per 100,000 patient years. Nimesulide, sulindac, and diclofenac seem to be associated with the highest risk and the only risk factor consistently identified is...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2007.06.004
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article discusses direct-acting antiviral agents that target hepatitis C virus replication, their mechanism of action, strengths, and weaknesses. In addition, varying strategies using combinations of these agents are discussed. ...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2015.06.002
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Primary biliary cirrhosis is an insidious disease that progresses through the clinical phases: preclinical, asymptomatic, symptomatic, and liver insufficiency. The outlook of patients diagnosed with PBC has improved significantly over the past 2 decades because more patients are being diagnosed earlier in the disease ...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2008.02.012
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is common and may progress to end-stage liver disease. Liver-related morbidity and mortality occur almost exclusively in patients whose disease progresses to advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. Presence and severity of liver fibrosis seem the most important indicators of long-ter...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2007.02.004
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the intersection of alcohol ingestion with the law, medical ethics, and public safety, physicians are often unsure about how to proceed. Physicians' primary focus should be on patient education with an ethical and legal duty to warn the patient of the adverse effects of alcohol. Warning third parties of potential h...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2018.09.002
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Liver dysfunction is common in both the critically ill and postoperative patient. Metabolic derangements secondary to sepsis, poor hepatic perfusion, total parenteral nutrition, in addition to hemodynamic and anesthetic-induced changes that occur during surgery, can cause liver damage ranging from small self-limited a...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2010.09.004
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although there are no randomized, controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) patients, substantial indirect evidence supports the effectiveness of ERC in symptomatic PSC patients with a dominant stricture. Currently, cumulative evide...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2014.07.013
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pathogenesis of HCC is poorly understood at present. There is insufficient understanding to propose a robust general model of hepatic carcinogenesis, partly because pathogenic host and environmental factors show significant regional variation, making such generalization difficult. Figure 4 is a model based on data...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1089-3261(05)70154-9
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Renal dysfunction is a frequent complication in patients with endstage liver disease awaiting orthotopic liver transplantation. Although the stereotypical form of renal dysfunction is the hepatorenal syndrome, common causes of acute kidney injury include prerenal azotemia and acute tubular necrosis in this population....
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2011.08.001
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The term "alcoholic liver disease" encompasses a spectrum of pathologic conditions ranging from isolated steatosis to established cirrhosis. Within this spectrum, varying degrees of inflammation, hepatocellular ballooning degeneration, hepatocyte necrosis, cholestasis, and fibrosis may be encountered. This article rev...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2016.02.006
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Newer noninvasive tests have begun to replace liver biopsy for staging purposes. The clinician must evaluate these tools and apply them to individual patients. None of these modalities give the exact same staging of fibrosis as a liver biopsy, but they are excellent tools for risk stratification. Still, it should be r...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2014.09.007
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis share some clinical features with autoimmune hepatitis, but when features of autoimmune hepatitis are present, prognosis can be affected and immunosuppressive treatment warranted. The presence of severe interface hepatitis in primary biliary cirrhosis porten...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2012.12.006
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since publication of the first descriptions of acute liver failure (ALF) as a distinct clinical entity in the 1950's, the understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved and the management options have increased substantially. ALF still represents a major challenge for todays hepatologists, because it can ra...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2006.05.010
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pruritus is a common symptom with primary biliary cholangitis. Research has focused on refining understanding of the neurohumoral pathways involved in transduction of pruritus from peripheral cutaneous receptors to the central nervous system, and identifying modulating drugs. Current treatments have variable efficacy ...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2018.03.005
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite significant advances in nonsurgical treatments of hepatocellular carcinoma, these approaches rarely result in cure. Surgery remains the mainstay of curative therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver transplantation, in particular, has emerged as one of the most beneficial therapeutic modalities. Questions re...
journal_title：Clinics in liver disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cld.2011.03.005
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
