Abstract:
:This article reviews how the uptake of neurotransmitter by glial amino acid transporters limits the spatial spread of transmitter to preserve the independent operation of nearby synapses, temporally shapes postsynaptic currents, and regulates the effects of tonic transmitter release. We demonstrate the importance of amino acid uptake and recycling mechanisms for preventing the loss of energetically costly neurotransmitter from the brain, and also examine the suggestion that glutamate uptake into glia plays a key role in regulating the energy production of the brain. Finally, we assess the role of glial amino acid transporters in transmitter recycling pathways.
journal_name
Gliajournal_title
Gliaauthors
Marcaggi P,Attwell Ddoi
10.1002/glia.20027subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-08-15 00:00:00pages
217-25issue
3eissn
0894-1491issn
1098-1136journal_volume
47pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
GLIA文献大全abstract::The removal by phagocytosis of degenerated myelin is central for repair in Wallerian degeneration that follows traumatic injury to axons and in autoimmune demyelinating diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis). We tested for roles played by the cAMP cascade in the regulation of myelin phagocytosis mediated by complement re...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20303
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The creatine kinase isoenzymes play an important role in maintaining ATP levels in some cell types during times of high energy demand. We have previously shown in primary cell cultures from rat brain that glial cells express much higher levels of brain creatine kinase (CKB) mRNA than neurons. In a separate earlier stu...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440150410
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radial glial cells play an essential role through their function as guides for neuronal migration during development. Disruption of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) function retards the growth of radial glial processes in vitro. Neuregulins (NRG) are activated by proteolytic cleavage and regulate (radial) gl...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.23230
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Zinc finger transcription factors of the Krüppel-class figure prominently in cell fate specification and differentiation in the nervous system. One of the Krüppel-type genes that was originally cloned from an oligodendrocyte library by virtue of its homology with the prototypic Krüppel motif is the rat rKr2 gene (Pott...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.1046
更新日期:2001-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Transgenic Tg2576 mice expressing human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) with the Swedish mutation are among the most frequently used animal models to study the amyloid pathology related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). The transgene expression in this model is considered to be neuron-specific. Using a novel hAPP-specific...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.23550
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::After the initial mechanical insult of spinal cord injury (SCI), secondary mediators propagate a massive loss of oligodendrocytes. We previously showed that following SCI both the total phospholipase activity and cytosolic PLA(2)-IV alpha protein expression increased. However, the expression of secreted isoforms of PL...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20867
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have identified a developmentally regulated, oligodendrocyte-specific protein, designated microtubule-associated protein-2 expressing exon 13 (MAP-2+13), in the human central nervous system (CNS). Monoclonal antibodies directed against MAP-2+13 labeled oligodendrocytes in the white matter of human fetal spinal cord...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stellate ganglion neurons, important mediators of cardiopulmonary neurotransmission, are surrounded by satellite glial cells (SGCs), which are essential for the function, maintenance, and development of neurons. However, it remains unknown whether SGCs in adult sympathetic ganglia exhibit any functional diversity, and...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.23965
更新日期:2021-01-12 00:00:00
abstract::The substantia gelatinosa (SG) of the spinal cord processes incoming painful information to ascending projection neurons. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings from SG spinal cord slices documented that in a low Ca(2+) /no Mg(2+) (low X(2+) ) external medium adenosine triphosphate (ATP)/dibenzoyl-ATP, Bz-ATP) caused inwar...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22707
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhibition of Rho-kinase (ROCK) with Y27632 stimulates sprouting by injured corticospinal tract and dorsal column tract axons, and accelerates functional recovery. However, regeneration of these axons across the glial scar was not observed. Here we examined the effects of Y27632 treatment on chondroitin sulfate proteo...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20466
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuroprotective M2-skewed microglia appear as promising to alter the course of neurodegenerative diseases and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are potential targets to achieve such microglial polarization. A common feature of adenosine A2A (A2A R) and cannabinoid CB2 (CB2 R) GPCRs in microglia is that their express...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.23694
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is considered to be a major factor in protection of nervous tissue against excitotoxic and ischemic/hypoxic lesion. Controversial reports about the localization of SOD after such an insult prompted us to re-investigate immunocytochemically the localization of the enzyme in the brain and spin...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(20000101)29:1<25::aid-glia
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Apoptosis of dentate granular cells in the hippocampal formation during bacterial meningitis may be mediated by glutamate toxicity. For this reason, we studied the relationship between glutamine synthetase activity and regional neuronal apoptosis in rabbits with experimental pneumococcal meningitis. The duration of me...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(200003)30:1<11::aid-glia2>
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The detection of nucleic acids by the innate immune system is an essential host response during viral infection. In recent years, a number of immune sensors capable of recognizing cytosolic DNA have been identified and include the PYHIN family members AIM2, IFI16, and p204 as well as the enzyme, cGAS. Activation of th...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.22786
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute liver failure (ALF) is consistently accompanied by alterations in brain energy metabolites and recent nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies suggest disturbances in brain oxidative metabolism in experimental ALF. Glucose transport across the blood-brain barrier is essential to sustain brain energy metabolism a...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20310
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report describes the development of a new panel of monoclonal antibodies produced following immunization of mice with cultured rat microglial cells. Using these new reagents and previously defined antibodies that bind to microglia or macrophages, the responses of parenchymal microglia, perivascular "microglial" c...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440070108
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::NG2 cells (polydendrocytes) are the fourth major non-neuronal cell type in the central nervous system parenchyma. They exhibit diverse properties, ranging from their well-established role as oligodendrocyte precursors to their ability to respond to neurotransmitters released by synaptic and non-synaptic mechanisms. Th...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/glia.22664
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Astrocytes are arranged in highly organized gap junction-coupled networks, communicating via the propagation of Ca2+ waves. Astrocytes are gap junction-coupled not only to neighboring astrocytes, but also to oligodendrocytes, forming so-called panglial syncytia. It is not known, however, whether glial cells in panglia...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.23613
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synaptic zinc ions released during synaptic transmission interact with pre- and postsynaptic neuroreceptors, thus modulating neurotransmission. It is likely that they have to be efficiently cleared from the extracellular milieu to assure subsequent synaptic events. Both neurons and glia are assumed to participate in t...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20382
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reorganization of the adult dentate gyrus following unilateral entorhinal cortex lesion (ECL) is a well-established model for studying mechanisms of trauma-induced neuronal plasticity. The lesion induces deafferentiation of the outer molecular layer, which is accompanied by a strong astroglial reaction. This glial res...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::To study the role of L-type voltage-gated Ca++ channels in oligodendrocyte development, we used a mouse model of Timothy syndrome (TS) in which a gain-of-function mutation in the α1 subunit of the L-type Ca++ channel Cav1.2 gives rise to an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) isolat...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.23468
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A stable cell line derived from a human oligodendroglioma (HOG) was used to study the regulation of muscarinic- and histamine receptor-mediated phosphoinositide hydrolysis. Both carbachol and histamine increased inositol monophosphate (InsP) accumulation in a dose- and time-dependent manner in the presence of lithium ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440050206
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The possible consequences of activating bradykinin (Bk) receptors on identified astrocyte subtypes derived from rat cortex have been investigated in terms of: 1) mobilization of intracellular Ca2+; and 2) electrophysiological response. Bk induced a rapid, transient rise in intracellular Ca2+ in 63% of cortical type-1-...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440090405
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Individuals with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) develop low-grade astrocytomas at an increased frequency. To gain insight into the function of the Nf1 gene product as a growth regulator for astrocytes, we examined mice heterozygous for a targeted Nf1 mutation. In our previous studies, we demonstrated increased numbers of p...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1098-1136(20010315)33:4<314::aid-glia1030>
更新日期:2001-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Myelin biogenesis is a complex process involving coordinated exocytosis, endocytosis, mRNA transport, and cytoskeletal dynamics. Although abnormalities of myelin are common in lysosomal storage diseases, our understanding of the role of lysosomes in the formation and maintenance of myelin is still limited. Here, we sh...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.21263
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cannabinoid agonists might serve as neuroprotective agents in neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we examined this hypothesis in a rat model of Huntington's disease (HD) generated by intrastriatal injection of the mitochondrial complex II inhibitor malonate. Our results showed that only compounds able to activate CB2 r...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20838
更新日期:2009-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::A role for free radicals has been proposed in infectious brain disease, where resident microglia cells upregulate the inducible nitric oxide synthase isoform (iNOS), and thus are capable of producing nitric oxide at enhanced rates. Using the constitutively expressed NADPH oxidase, microglial cells can generate superox...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1098-1136(200010)32:1<51::aid-glia50>3.0.c
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Astrocytic response in the immediate vicinity of freeze- and cobalt-induced lesions has been examined at the light and ultrastructural level. However, the temporal and spatial distribution of astrocytic reactivity throughout the rat cerebral cortex, using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunolabeling, has not ...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.440030606
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myelination is an evolutionary recent differentiation program that has been independently acquired in vertebrates by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. Therefore, it is not surprising that regulating transcription factors differ substantially between both...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/glia.23636
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Loss of axons is a major contributor to nonremitting deficits in the inflammatory demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (MS). Based on biophysical studies showing that activity of axonal sodium channels can trigger axonal degeneration, recent studies have tested sodium channel-blocking drugs in experimental autoimm...
journal_title:Glia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/glia.20112
更新日期:2005-01-15 00:00:00