Abstract：
:As our understanding of the underlying cause of flat foot progression improves so will our understanding of how best to catalog and treat the instabilities that are seen. Determining the failure of one type of treatment will be difficult until we can better define the varied pathology and give the treatment methods sufficient time to prove or disprove their premise. If an underlying systemic disease, where either unreliable motor function or unstable ligament support is present, joint arthrodeses are the preferred method of treatment. It is important not to fuse in situ, but rather effect the complete realignment of the foot through the fused joints. At a minimum, I believe that the subtalar fusion is the most appropriate method for gaining a stable correction. Any more stability will warrant a triple arthrodesis. Treatment for the diseased tendon should also be addressed appropriately. Tendon reconstruction alone provides no assurance of weight-bearing deformity correction or lasting function for most patients who have isolated type 2 dysfunction and should be avoided as a stand-alone procedure. It still serves a vital purpose in restoring function to the foot, and, combined with other procedures, aids in the preservation of dynamic response to weight-bearing loads. The choice of adjunctive procedures should be based on the pathology present. Each of the treatment regimens that is discussed in this article has a place in the overall treatment of the clinical disease but none, by itself, seems to correct all of the presentations that are possible for this pathologic entity. The possible exception may be the use of a subtalar realignment and fusion, but this may be overkill in many mild to moderate deformities. Care should be taken in choosing the proper treatment based on the pathology that is presented by each patient.
journal_name
Foot Ankle Clinjournal_title
Foot and ankle clinicsauthors
Early Jdoi
10.1016/s1083-7515(03)00063-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-09-01 00:00:00pages
637-45issue
3eissn
1083-7515issn
1558-1934pii
S1083-7515(03)00063-9journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Chronic symptoms following lateral ankle sprain occasionally requires surgical intervention. Many options are available including thermal assisted capsular modification. The authors review the history of thermal modification of tissues, the indication for use in the ankle and report their experience with a consecutive...
journal_title：Foot and ankle clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1083-7515(02)00063-3
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article discusses the complications after open reduction and internal fixation of ankle fractures. Complications are classified as perioperative (malreduction, inadequate fixation, and intra-articular penetration of hardware), early postoperative (wound edge dehiscence, necrosis, infection and compartment syndrom...
journal_title：Foot and ankle clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1083-7515(02)00162-6
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:These two morbidly obese patients with severe Charcot foot arthropathy were treated successfully with percutaneous correction of their deformity followed by a stepwise application of a pre-assembled neutrally aligned multiplane ring external fixator. This technique transfers well to the trauma environment in which ali...
journal_title：Foot and ankle clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.fcl.2006.06.006
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors are an important adjunct in controlling postoperative pain. Concerns exist regarding the use of NSAIDs for postoperative pain management because of the possible deleterious impact on bone healing in patients undergoing hindfoot arthrodesis. Orthopedic surgeons are concerned with: (1...
journal_title：Foot and ankle clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.fcl.2005.06.001
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Triple arthrodesis is largely used to restore painful hindfoot deformity. However, the procedure has been connected to several postoperative complications. Therefore, an isolated fusion of the talonavicular and the subtalar joint through a single medial approach has gained popularity. This "diple" arthrodesis provides...
journal_title：Foot and ankle clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.fcl.2010.11.006
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Surgical decompression of peripheral nerves for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy has been studied and previously reported. These studies reported decreased pain and some studies showed improved sensory function. The role that this surgery can play remains controversial. ...
journal_title：Foot and ankle clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.fcl.2003.12.001
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Approximately 3% of osseous tumors occur in the foot and ankle. Solitary bone cysts, chondroblastoma, intraosseous lipoma, osteoid osteoma, chondrosarcoma, and Ewing's sarcoma seem to have a predilection for the calcaneus. Biopsy is often a crucial step in management. Tumor-like conditions, such as cysts, reactive les...
journal_title：Foot and ankle clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.fcl.2005.05.002
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using radiographs culled over a 33-month period, the treatment, complications, revision, and rehabilitation of complicated Jones fractures and stress fractures involving the proximal diaphysis are examined. Although the non-operative approach remains viable, the exigencies and desires of the athletic and leg-based wor...
journal_title：Foot and ankle clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.fcl.2009.04.001
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:According with to International Labor Office, the European Union gave the directions to improve the life of workers not only by regulating care, but also safety and return to work. Each European country is conforming to this. In Italy, INAIL, an independent body under the control of the Department of Labor and the Min...
journal_title：Foot and ankle clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1083-7515(02)00032-3
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The understanding of the pathology and treatment of hallux sesamoid disorders has improved considerably over the last few decades. It is interesting to speculate what further improvements are on the horizon. Newer imaging methods and possibly an increased use of small joint arthroscopy may make it possible to better d...
journal_title：Foot and ankle clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article summarizes the various alternatives for direct gastrocnemius lengthening and elucidates the relative strengths and tradeoffs of each as a means of providing balanced perspective in selecting the appropriate procedure for any given patient. ...
journal_title：Foot and ankle clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.fcl.2014.08.007
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Injuries to the ankle, foot, and toes of injured workers are common. Although the workers' compensation system attempts to collect information about these injuries and report them in a meaningful way, the process is somewhat inconsistent, inaccurate, and provides information relevant to government agencies but not to ...
journal_title：Foot and ankle clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1083-7515(02)00028-1
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The paralytic drop foot represents a challenging problem for even the most experienced orthopedic surgeon. Careful patient selection, thorough preoperative examination and planning, and application of tendon transfer biomechanical and physiologic principles outlined in this article can lead to successful results, eith...
journal_title：Foot and ankle clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.fcl.2013.12.002
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute injuries to the lateral ankle complex remain common and account for 20% to 25% of musculoskeletal injuries. Initial assessment should use the Ottawa ankle rules, and grading should take into account degree of mechanical instability. Nonoperative measures are preferable for all grades of injury; however, mechanic...
journal_title：Foot and ankle clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.fcl.2018.07.001
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:External fixators have been used effectively for a variety of traumatic, congenital, and neuromuscular conditions of the lower extremity for many decades. The transition to management of Charcot foot and ankle deformities in the diabetic neuropathic patient is a logical application. External fixation can address the u...
journal_title：Foot and ankle clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1083-7515(02)00019-0
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The tendons that cross the ankle are complex and sophisticated structures that enable standing and forward propulsion and the ability to accommodate uneven ground. Understanding the biomechanics and local anatomy of these tendons is essential to the treatment of disorders of the foot and ankle, whether it be in formul...
journal_title：Foot and ankle clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.fcl.2017.07.001
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Flexor to extensor transfer is a useful means for the correction of a flexible hammer toe deformity. Although satisfaction rates have varied in the literature, this technique remains a useful tool in the surgeon’s armamentarium to improve toe deformity, decrease pain, and aid in shoe wear. ...
journal_title：Foot and ankle clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.fcl.2011.08.005
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cavovarus foot deformity is a result of a dysbalance of the extrinsic musculature about the foot. Because of the multi-articular bony structure of the foot and ankle, the slightest imbalance of muscular forces causes osteo-articular malalignment and consequent gross deformities. This article discusses hindfoot issues ...
journal_title：Foot and ankle clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.fcl.2008.02.005
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Electric and electromagnetic fields regulate extra-cellular matrix synthesis and stimulate repair of fractures and nonunions. Studies of electric and electromagnetic fields suggest they (1) regulate proteoglycan and collagen synthesis and increase bone formation in models of endochondral ossification, (2) accelerate b...
journal_title：Foot and ankle clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.fcl.2005.06.006
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Walking function may be enhanced by correcting equinus and equinovarus deformities in CP. Nonoperative management should be used in young children. Muscle balancing procedures, such as gastrocnemius aponeurosis lengthening, Achilles' tendon lengthening, and SPLATT, are particularly useful in correcting these deformiti...
journal_title：Foot and ankle clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD) has been approached with a multitude of surgical techniques. This article outlines the current understanding of the flexor digitorum longus transfer and flexor hallucis longus transfer in the context of various osteotomy techniques for the correction of stage II PTTD. Pertine...
journal_title：Foot and ankle clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.fcl.2007.03.001
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The adult acquired flat foot requires assessment with unique casting and fabrication of support appliances. Conservative treatment is preferred as the initial protocol. Stabilization and control of affected joints can provide the patient with a decreased level of pain and an increased level of function. The orthosis d...
journal_title：Foot and ankle clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1083-7515(03)00119-0
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The orthopedic foot and ankle surgeon needs bone grafts in the clinical situation of fracture healing and in bone-fusion procedures. This article briefly outlines thought processes and techniques for 2 recent options for the surgeon. The Trinity product is a unique combination of allograft bone and allograft stem cell...
journal_title：Foot and ankle clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.fcl.2010.09.003
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article defines specific risks associated with rheumatoid arthritis, including an increased incidence of medical comorbidities, the use of steroids and other immunosuppressive agents, osteoporosis, vascular disease, and the common occurrence of severe deformity. This article suggests approaches for management and...
journal_title：Foot and ankle clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.fcl.2007.04.002
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Accessory tarsal navicular is a common anomaly in the human foot. It should be in the differential of medial foot pain. A proper history and physical, along with imaging modalities, can lead to the diagnosis. Often, classification of the ossicle and amount of morbidity guide treatment. Nonsurgical measures can provide...
journal_title：Foot and ankle clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.fcl.2010.02.004
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ankle joint distraction has been shown to be a viable alternative to ankle arthrodesis or ankle replacement. The à la carte approach to ankle joint preservation (resection of blocking osteophytes, release of muscle/joint contractures, and realignment osseous ankle procedures) presented in this article as important for...
journal_title：Foot and ankle clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.fcl.2008.05.001
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Brachymetatarsia is a rare clinical entity that presents a complicated case to the treating surgeon. One-stage lengthening procedures with a variety of biologic and synthetic implants are preferred for metatarsals that only need to be lengthened up to 15 mm, whereas gradual lengthening allows for greater length gain a...
journal_title：Foot and ankle clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.fcl.2004.05.002
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Posteromedial ankle complaints are most often caused by a disorder of the posterior tibial tendon. Two predominant groups of patients can be distinguished: the first involves younger patients who have some form of systemic inflammatory disease; the second involves older patients whose dysfunction is caused by chronic ...
journal_title：Foot and ankle clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.fcl.2006.03.001
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Malignant osseous and soft tissue tumors of the foot are rare and should be considered in patients who have foot-related symptoms. Most sarcomas affect patients who are older than 55 years; however, many young patients who are otherwise healthy, may present with malignant foot and ankle lesions. In addition to benign ...
journal_title：Foot and ankle clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1083-7515(03)00150-5
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hallux rigidus or osteoarthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint is characterized by pain, stiffness of the joint, and alterations of gait. The appeal of joint arthroplasty for hallux rigidus is similar to its benefits in other joints in the body. The ideal implant should relieve pain, restore motion, improve f...
journal_title：Foot and ankle clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.fcl.2008.11.009
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
