Abstract：
:Pituitary adenylate-cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide originally isolated from the hypothalamus and located in many neuronal systems in both the central and peripheral nervous system. PACAP is also found in nerve fibers innervating the pineal gland, where it stimulates the secretion of the pineal hormone, melatonin, by binding to specific PACAP-receptors located on the cell membrane of the pinealocyte. In this study we have investigated the origin of PACAP-containing nerve fibers innervating the rat pineal gland by combined retrograde tracing with Fluorogold and immunohistochemistry for PACAP. A solution of 2% Fluorogold was injected iontophoretically into the superficial pineal gland of Wistar rats, and the animals were allowed to survive for 1 week. After perfusion fixation of the rats, the location of the tracer was investigated in the brain and the sphenopalatine, otic, and trigeminal ganglia. The tracer was found in all the investigated ganglia. However, colocalization with PACAP was predominantly found in the trigeminal ganglion and only occasionally in the sphenopalatine and otic ganglia. Due to the stimulatory function of PACAP on pineal melatonin secretion, the PACAP-containing neurons of this ganglion could be considered a subset of the parasympathetic nervous system. The presence of neurons with a parasympathetic function in a ganglion that has been considered a purely sensory ganglion, is a new concept in neuroanatomy.
journal_name
Brain Resjournal_title
Brain researchauthors
Møller M,Baeres FMdoi
10.1016/s0006-8993(03)03127-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-09-12 00:00:00pages
160-9issue
1-2eissn
0006-8993issn
1872-6240pii
S0006899303031275journal_volume
984pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
BRAIN RESEARCH文献大全abstract：:The effects of the serotonin precursor 5-HTP, were determined in a behavioral DNIC paradigm (increase in vocalization threshold after intraperitoneal injection of the algogenic agent, phenylbenzoquinone). This counter-irritation phenomenon was strongly potentiated by 5-HTP, such potentiation being blocked by the 5-HT ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(82)90384-5
更新日期：1982-01-14 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been suggested that thiolic groups are essential for cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity and other respiratory mitochondrial enzymes. Recent experiments showed that the thiolic antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can protect against age-related impairment in COX activity in mice hepatic mitochondria. The present...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01819-3
更新日期：1999-09-18 00:00:00
abstract：:4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (4-HBA), one of the major active phenolic constituents of Gastrodia elata Blume, a very important traditional Chinese medicinal herb, has been shown to be an effective agent against the central and peripheral nervous disorders. In this study, we attempted to explore the possible mechanisms unde...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2009.10.037
更新日期：2010-01-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3beta and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) regulate several cellular signaling pathways in common, including embryonic development, cell differentiation and apoptosis. In this study, we investigated whether GSK-3beta inhibition is involved in ERK activation, which affects the ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2007.10.018
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Temporo-nasal asymmetry in visual responses has been observed in many behavioural studies. These observations have typically been attributed to the anatomical asymmetry of fibres projecting to the Superior Colliculus (SC), even though this attribution is debated. The present study investigates temporo-nasal asymmetry ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2008.03.087
更新日期：2008-11-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Systemic administration of nicotinic receptor (nAChR) agonists is antinociceptive in models of acute pain whereas their intrathecal (i. t.) administration has been reported to be antinociceptive, nociceptive or without effect. It has been hypothesized that the action induced is dependent upon the subtype and location ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02472-0
更新日期：2000-07-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Transplanted embryonic stem (ES) cells can be integrated into the retinas of adult mice as well-differentiated neuronal cells. However, the integrated ES cells also have a tumorigenic effect just because they have the ability for multipotential differentiation to various types of tissues. Thus, control of neoplastic p...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2006.02.079
更新日期：2006-04-26 00:00:00
abstract：:In normal subjects, electrical stimulation of trigeminal mucosal afferents (lingual nerve - V3) can elicit a short latency (12.5+/-0. 3 ms; mean+/-S.D.) reflex response in the ipsilateral genioglossus muscle (Maisonobe et al., Reflexes elicited from cutaneous and mucosal trigeminal afferents in normal human subjects. ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02177-6
更新日期：2000-05-02 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study we investigated the functional connectivity in 23 Mild TBI (mTBI) patients with and without memory complaints using resting state fMRI in the sub-acute stage of injury as well as a group of control participants. Results indicate that mTBI patients with memory complaints performed significantly worse than...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2013.08.034
更新日期：2013-11-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Death receptors are associated with the homeostatic and pathologic induction of cell death. TR3 is a recently characterised member of the death receptor family that is expressed in the adult brain. In order to establish the role of TR3 in acute CNS disease and chronic neurodegeneration, we analysed brain regions from ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(99)02417-8
更新日期：2000-02-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Activity produced by direct microelectrophoretic application of glutamate onto 19 convergent neurones in trigeminal nucleus caudalis, was strongly depressed during and after the application of heterotopic noxious conditioning stimuli: noxious heat (52 degrees C) applied to the tail, noxious pinches applied to the tail...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(84)90695-4
更新日期：1984-10-29 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different concentrations of normobaric oxygen (NBO) on neurological function and the expression of caspase-3 and -9 in a rat model of acute cerebral ischaemia. Sprague-Dawley rats (n=120) were randomly divided into four groups (n=30 per group), including 3 groups gi...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2015.05.027
更新日期：2015-08-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Nerve injury was produced by application of dry ice to the common peroneal nerve. After 20 weeks, muscle-spindle primary endings responded normally to stretch and the spindles were found to have a fully functional fusimotor innervation. ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(85)90372-5
更新日期：1985-11-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Intracerebral administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-HDA) along the dorsal noradrenergic bundle produced a gradual and long-lasting decrease of norepinephrine (NE) in hippocampus. This decrease in NE levels initially was accompanied by a parallel decrease in the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme for NE biosynthesis...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(84)90056-8
更新日期：1984-12-24 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine the effects of nerve injury on Fos expression, temporal and spatial distributions of Fos-positive neurons in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis were examined after tissue injury for isolation of the infraorbital nerve as controls and transection of this nerve as well as noxious chemical stimulation by formal...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(97)00633-1
更新日期：1997-09-12 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of duloxetine were examined on cloned Kv4.3 channels stably expressed in CHO cells using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Duloxetine decreased the peak amplitude of Kv4.3 currents with an acceleration of the decay rate of current inactivation in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC(50) values requ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2012.05.028
更新日期：2012-07-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Aggression is a major source of social stress with negative effects on health and well-being, yet limited information is known about the molecular mechanisms mediating aggressive behavior in swine. Ractopamine (RAC) is a β-adrenoreceptor agonist that enhances growth but increases aggressive behaviors in female pigs. T...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2010.11.035
更新日期：2011-03-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Synapses from Mauthner to giant fibers in the hatchetfish are chemically transmitting excitatory axo-axonic synapses located in the medulla. The synapses are 4--10 mum in diameter and easily identified for electron microscopy. Presynaptic vesicles are clustered near the contact regions and are round, clear and 40-60 n...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(75)90002-5
更新日期：1975-11-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Long-term potentiation (LTP) consists of an enhanced response to released transmitter by the quisqualate/AMPA subclass of glutamate receptors with little change in the slower currents generated by the NMDA receptor subclass. Recent computer simulations suggest that a decrease in the resistance of dendritic spines woul...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(91)90454-4
更新日期：1991-01-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Erythropoietin (EPO) provides neuroprotection and neurorestoration after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The EPO doses used for treatment of TBI significantly increase hematocrit, which may affect the efficacy of EPO therapy for TBI. The aim of this study was to investigate whether normalization of hematocrit would affe...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2009.07.077
更新日期：2009-10-19 00:00:00
abstract：:GABAA receptors (GABAARs) and glycine receptors (GlyRs) are two principal inhibitory chloride ion channels in the central nervous system. The two receptors do not function independently but cross-talk to each other, i.e., the activation of one receptor would inhibit the other. This cross-talk is present in different p...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147071
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine whether post-traumatic seizure severity would be affected by the interval between seizures and head injury, we measured seizures after various times with or without fluid percussion brain injury (2atm fluid percussion injury; FPI). To determine efficacy of anti-seizure medication, we also determined if le...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.013
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Axotomy produced an increase in the spike width and a decrease in amplitude of the afterhyperpolarization which followed the action potential in C-cells of bullfrog sympathetic ganglia. Although no change in B-cell conduction velocity was noted, C-cell conduction velocity increased significantly and approached that of...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(87)80044-6
更新日期：1987-04-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Tubulin immunostaining of semi-thin sections after polyethylene glycol embedding was used in the tectal plate of the embryonic mouse at 10 days postmating to analyze the effects of cold treatment on the microtubules of the different cell types seen at this stage. Three sets of microtubules are observed. In the radiall...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-3806(87)90021-6
更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The regenerating optic nerve of goldfish first reestablishes a rough retinotopic map on the tectum, then goes through an activity dependent refinement that appears to involve the elimination of inappropriate branches from early regenerated arbors. Retinotopically appropriate branches and synapses may be stabilized bec...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(88)90886-4
更新日期：1988-04-19 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study we analyzed the effect of ascorbate (0.8 mM)/Fe2+ (2.5 microM)-induced membrane lipid peroxidation on the levels of intracellular free calcium,[Ca2+]i and on the possible mechanisms involved in the perturbation of intracellular calcium homeostasis during oxidative stress. For this purpose, the inf...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(95)01554-x
更新日期：1996-03-25 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study, we assessed the beneficial synergistic effects of concurrent treatment with low doses of cilostazol and probucol against focal cerebral ischemic infarct in rats. The ischemic infarct induced by 2-h occlusion of middle cerebral artery (MCA) and 22-h reperfusion was significantly reduced in rat bra...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2007.04.051
更新日期：2007-07-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Autism is marked by overgrowth of the brain at the earliest ages but not at older ages when decreases in structural volumes and neuron numbers are observed instead. This has led to the theory of age-specific anatomic abnormalities in autism. Here we report age-related changes in brain size in autistic and typical subj...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.101
更新日期：2011-03-22 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of repetitive pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) in the hippocampal Na(+)/K(+)ATPase activity were studied in developing rat. Na(+)/K(+)ATPase is a membrane-bound enzyme responsible for the active transport of sodium and potassium ions through the membrane. It is necessary to maintain neuronal exc...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2006.12.068
更新日期：2007-03-23 00:00:00
abstract：:The alpha-2 adrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine (Dex), 3-300 microg/kg, i.p., decreased cerebellar cGMP in a dose-dependent manner. Fentanyl (F), an opioid agonist, increased cerebellar cGMP at 0.3 mg/kg, s.c., and decreased it at doses >/=1 mg/kg. The inhibitory effect was receptor specific, that of Dex being blocked ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00967-6
更新日期：1998-11-30 00:00:00
