Abstract：
INTRODUCTION:Epidemiological studies have demonstrated contradictory results about the association between smoking and the risk of Parkinson s disease (PD). OBJECTIVE:Examine the hypothesis of the EUROPARKINSON group that smoking protects against PD only in patients below 75 years of age. MATERIAL AND METHODS:We conducted a meta analysis including all observational studies that were published about this association before January 2001. All languages were included with no restriction for year of publication. Risk estimate and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were extracted or calculated for all localized studies in patients below or above 75 years of age. RESULTS:Seventeen studies investigated the association between PD risk and smoking in patients below 75 years of age. Meanwhile, only seven studies investigated the association in patients above 75 years of age. The fixed effect pooled analysis in patients below 75 years of age was 0.59 (95% CI: 0.52 0.67), with insignificant homogeneity test. Patients above 75 years of age had fixed effect pooled analysis of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.59 0.99), with insignificant homogeneity test. CONCLUSIONS:The pooled analysis in patients below 75 years of age clearly demonstrates that smoking is inversely associated with PD risk. The 95% CI of the pooled analysis in patients above 75 years of age is nearly overlapping unity. This result is not in favor for the negative association in old patients, and confirms the hypothesis of the EUROPARKINSON group.
journal_name
Rev Neuroljournal_title
Revista de neurologiaauthors
Allam MF,del Castillo AS,Navajas RFsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-03-16 00:00:00pages
510-3issue
6eissn
0210-0010issn
1576-6578pii
rn2002455journal_volume
36pub_type
杂志文章,meta分析abstract：INTRODUCTION:Severe infection by SARS-CoV-2 has shown to entail an increased risk of thrombotic, especially venous, events. Central venous catheters have also been associated with an increased risk of thrombotic complications. Paradoxical embolism as an aetiological mechanism of ischaemic stroke should be considered in...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
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doi：10.33588/rn.7105.2020317
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Revista de neurologia
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更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
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abstract：INTRODUCTION:Several studies that has focused to the dopaminergic transmission in the basal ganglia in parkinsonian condition, but only a few article has taking into account the imbalance between dopaminergic and cholinergic transmission. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the muscarinic cholinergic receptors density in SNc and PP...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2004-01-16 00:00:00
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journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-06-16 00:00:00
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journal_title：Revista de neurologia
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更新日期：2010-03-16 00:00:00
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journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2009-02-27 00:00:00
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journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-10-16 00:00:00
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journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-10-16 00:00:00
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journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-11-16 00:00:00
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journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-07-16 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-02-16 00:00:00
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journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2010-10-16 00:00:00
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journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1999-07-16 00:00:00
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journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：2001-03-16 00:00:00
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journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-10-16 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：TITLE:XXXV Reunion Anual de la Sociedad Valenciana de Neurologia. Comunicaciones. : ...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type：
doi：
更新日期：2018-03-16 00:00:00
