Abstract：
:In later editions of his two major works, Isaac Newton proposed an electrical hypothesis of nervous transmission. According to this hypothesis, an electrical aether permeates the nerve and transmits vibrations along it. This implies that the nerve is a communication line, and potentially, an extension of the mind. The opposite view was held by Cartesian mechanists, who taught that the nerve is a power line, transmitting either pressure or tension, and that the mind is separate from the nervous system. The Newtonian model eventually supplanted the Cartesian model in the mid 18th century, and became a crucial part of the conceptual environment in which neuroscience originated. In this paper I examine the scientific origins of the Newtonian model of nervous transmission. I argue that Newton's model relies on prior work by Thomas Willis and Pierre Gassendi. Willis supplied the anatomical and physiological "hard data" upon which the model was built. But Gassendi, a generation before, laid out the conceptual foundations of the problem, including the principle of impulse-transmission, and the corrolary principle of the muscle as an autonomous generator of force. I conclude that Gassendi's work has been undeservedly neglected as a turning-point in the history of neuroscience.
journal_name
Brain Cognjournal_title
Brain and cognitionauthors
Wallace Wdoi
10.1016/s0278-2626(02)00513-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-02-01 00:00:00pages
66-94issue
1eissn
0278-2626issn
1090-2147pii
S0278262602005134journal_volume
51pub_type
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