Abstract：
:1. It has been discussed for over 100 years whether short-term memory (STM) is separate from, or just an early phase of, long-term memory (LTM). The only way to solve this dilemma is to find out at least one treatment that blocks STM while keeping LTM intact for the same task in the same animal. 2. The effect of a large number of treatments infused into the hippocampus, amygdala, and entorhinal, posterior parietal or prefrontal cortex on STM and LTM of a one-trial step-down inhibitory avoidance task was studied. The animals were tested at 1.5 h for STM, and again at 24 h for LTM. The treatments were given after training. 3. Eleven different treatments blocked STM without affecting LTM. Eighteen treatments affected the two memory types differentially, either blocking or enhancing LTM alone. Thus, STM is separate from, and parallel to the first hours of processing of, LTM of that task. 4. The mechanisms of STM are different from those of LTM. The former do not include gene expression or protein synthesis; the latter include a double peak of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity, accompanied by the phosphorylation of CREB, and both gene expression and protein synthesis. 5. Possible cellular and molecular events that do not require mRNA or protein synthesis should account for STM. These might include a hyperactivation of glutamate AMPA receptors, ribosome changes, or the exocytosis of glycoproteins that participate in cell addition.
journal_name
Cell Mol Neurobioljournal_title
Cellular and molecular neurobiologyauthors
Izquierdo LA,Barros DM,Vianna MR,Coitinho A,deDavid e Silva T,Choi H,Moletta B,Medina JH,Izquierdo Idoi
10.1023/a:1020715800956subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-06-01 00:00:00pages
269-87issue
3eissn
0272-4340issn
1573-6830journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Neuropathic pain is diagnosed primarily by sensory dysfunction, which includes both spontaneous, and stimulus-evoked pain. Clinical evaluation highlights the disabilities which characterise this condition for most patients. Chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve (CCI) evokes sensory dysfunction characteristi...
journal_title：Cellular and molecular neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10571-013-9962-3
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Studies conducted on the rat arcuate nucleus, an area involved in the development and control of LH and FSH secretion, have shown the existence of hormonally regulated developmental sex differences in synaptic patterns and estrogen-induced synaptic plasticity during adult life. Several questions raised by these fin...
journal_title：Cellular and molecular neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF02088177
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Angiotensin II receptors have been studied by quantitative autoradiography in selected brain areas of young (2-week-old) and adult (8-week-old) rats. 2. In young rats, angiotensin II receptors were present in brain areas which did not express receptors in the adult brain, such as thalamic nuclei, cortical areas, an...
journal_title：Cellular and molecular neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00769042
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:P2X3 receptor expression in various tissues appears to be modulated by age. In the present study, we used single cell RT-PCR to determine the number of P2X3 positive myenteric neurons at different stages of guinea pig postnatal development, and we tested if similar changes also occur to other myenteric P2X receptors. ...
journal_title：Cellular and molecular neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10571-014-0055-8
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. We have devised a radioimmunoassay for atrial natriueretic factor (ANF). Its application to rat brain extract led to the discovery of ANF in the brain. In addition to the hypothalamus and the pontine medullary region, it was widely distributed. 2. ANF in the brain is stored in a low molecular weight form, in contra...
journal_title：Cellular and molecular neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF00711444
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alpha-synuclein (alpha-SYN) is one of the major components of intracellular fibrillary aggregates in the brains of a subset of neurodegenerative disorders. Although alpha-SYN expression has been found in developing mouse brain, a detailed distribution during mouse-embryonic development has not been made. Here we descr...
journal_title：Cellular and molecular neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10571-009-9473-4
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. In the retinal inner nuclear layer of the majority of species, a dopaminergic neuronal network has been visualized in either amacrine cells or the so-called interplexiform cells. 2. Binding studies of retinal dopamine receptors have revealed the existence of both D1- as well D2-subtypes. The D1-subtype was characte...
journal_title：Cellular and molecular neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF00711177
更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The biochemical changes such as the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) were investigated in rats with global cerebral ischemia and in vascular dementia (VaD) subjects in this study. The AChE activity showed a significant decrease in plasma and a significant increase in the hipp...
journal_title：Cellular and molecular neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10571-011-9770-6
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. We investigated the association of c-Jun with apoptosis within retinal tissue. Explants of the retina of neonatal rats were subject to a variety of procedures that cause apoptosis of specific classes of retinal cells at distinct stages of differentiation. The expression of c-Jun was detected by Western Blot, and im...
journal_title：Cellular and molecular neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1021857007976
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Retina-cell aggregate cultures expressed glutamate decarboxylase activity (L-glutamate 1-carboxylase; EC 4.1.1.15) as a function of culture differentiation. 2. Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) activity was low in the initial phases of culture and increased eight-fold until culture day 7, remaining high up to day 1...
journal_title：Cellular and molecular neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00734811
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hippocampal structures are a major target for adrenal steroid hormones, and hence these neural regions are some of the most likely mediators of the effects of adrenocortical steroids on behavior. Memory disturbance, in particular biasing toward negative contents, are part of the symptomatology presented by depressive ...
journal_title：Cellular and molecular neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00711580
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and long-term disability. Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from brown algae, possesses potent anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Considering TBI happens frequently in adults, especially in aged individuals, we herein sought to define the ...
journal_title：Cellular and molecular neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10571-015-0323-2
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Levels of cyclic nucleotides and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity were examined following the application of various kinds of stimuli to superior cervical sympathetic ganglia (SCG), nodose ganglia, and vagus nerve fibers excised from the rat. The level of cyclic GMP in the SCG rose rapidly to about 4.5- to 7.5-f...
journal_title：Cellular and molecular neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00710944
更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs which mediate post-transcriptional gene regulation. Recently, microRNAs have also been found to be localized to the extracellular space, often encapsulated in secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs). This tandem of EVs and tissue-specific expressed/secreted microRNAs that can be taken...
journal_title：Cellular and molecular neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s10571-015-0293-4
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microelectrophoretic application of sex hormones onto pineal cells in guinea pigs has shown different responses in pregnant females as compared to males. In pregnant females estrone caused excitation in 74% of the cells tested, while progesterone and testosterone, prolactin, and HCG were inhibitory in a majority of th...
journal_title：Cellular and molecular neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00710681
更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Perinatal hypoxia can lead to multiple chronic neurological deficits, e.g., mental retardation, behavioral abnormalities, and epilepsy. Levetiracetam (LEV), 2S-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidiny1) butanamide, is an anticonvulsant drug with proven efficiency in treating patients with focal and generalized seizures. Rats were underwe...
journal_title：Cellular and molecular neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10571-019-00676-6
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of the divalent cations Ca and Mg on the properties of ACh-activated channels at the frog neuromuscular junction were studied using a two-microelectrode voltage clamp. The divalent cation concentration was varied from 2 to 40 mM in solutions containing 50% normal Na. The reversal potential was determined b...
journal_title：Cellular and molecular neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00733590
更新日期：1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have investigated the action of the recombinant neurotoxins, named Hk7a and Hk2a, whose amino acid sequences differ only in two positions, isolated from the sea anemone Anthopleura sp., on neuronal sodium currents using the whole-cell voltage-clamp techniques. The rat cerebral cortical neurons in primary culture we...
journal_title：Cellular and molecular neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10571-008-9288-8
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:D-serine is synthesized by serine racemase (SR) and is a co-agonist at forebrain N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). D-serine and SR are expressed primarily in neurons, but not in quiescent astrocytes. In this study, we examined the localization of D-serine and SR in the mouse striatum and the effects of genetica...
journal_title：Cellular and molecular neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10571-020-00880-9
更新日期：2020-05-22 00:00:00
abstract：:The irrefutable change in the expression of brain-enriched microRNAs (miRNAs) following ischemic stroke has promoted the development of radical miRNA-based therapeutics encompassing neuroprotection and neuronal restoration. Our previous report on the systems-level prediction of miR-9 in post-stroke-induced neurogenesi...
journal_title：Cellular and molecular neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10571-018-0642-1
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Contextual fear conditioning is a paradigm for investigating cellular mechanisms involved in hippocampus-dependent memory. Earlier, we showed that standardised extract of Bacopa monniera (CDRI-08) improves hippocampus-dependent learning in postnatal rats by elevating the level of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT),...
journal_title：Cellular and molecular neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10571-014-0042-0
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Neurotrophins and serotonin have both been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression and in the mechanisms of antidepressant treatments. 2. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) influences the growth and plasticity of serotonergic (5-HT) neurons via the activation of trkB receptor. 3. Transgenic mice overe...
journal_title：Cellular and molecular neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10571-005-8468-z
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oxidative stress is one of the mechanisms implicated to play a significant role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. Previously, we showed that an aqueous extract of Selaginella delicatula (SDAE) offered robust neuroprotection against rotenone (ROT) in a Drosophila model. In furtherance in the present study,...
journal_title：Cellular and molecular neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10571-013-9959-y
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Naked2 (NKD2), one member of Naked family, has been shown to negatively regulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. It has been recognized that NKD2 plays a vital role in cell homeostasis and prevention of tumorigenesis. However, NKD2 expression and its functional role in the brain in neuroinflammatory processes remain ...
journal_title：Cellular and molecular neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10571-015-0219-1
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes permanent neurological and cognitive impairments. Effective pharmacological interventions remain elusive. Spermidine is a polyamine compound found in our body that may play a role in brain development and congenital function. In this study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic po...
journal_title：Cellular and molecular neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10571-019-00783-4
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Radiotherapy has attracted increasing interest in recent years. It is known that ionizing radiation induces oxygen radical injury, whereas oxidative stress by the radiation can cause cellular responses to defense cellular injury. In this study, the metabolism of antioxidants in response to ionizing radiation to the...
journal_title：Cellular and molecular neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1022525214871
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Amphetamine-induced c-fos and egr-1 expression in the striatum was used as a model in which to study the effects of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) directed at c-fos. Using direct infusions of ODNs into the striata of animals we have demonstrated that c-fos antisense ODNs retain most of their biological acti...
journal_title：Cellular and molecular neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02088834
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Taurine applied to mouse brain slices evokes a long-lasting enhancement (LLE) of corticostriatal synaptic transmission, LLE(TAU). 2. The occurrence of LLE(TAU) was significantly decreased in the presence of the specific antagonists at either D1 (SCH23390) or D2 (raclopride) dopamine (DA) receptors. 3. LLE(TAU) was ...
journal_title：Cellular and molecular neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10571-005-3974-6
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The original concept of the ischemic penumbra surrounding a focus of dense cerebral ischemia is based on electrophysiological observations. In the cortex of baboons following middle cerebral artery occlusion, complete failure of the cortical evoked potential was observed at a cerebral blood flow (CBF) threshold lev...
journal_title：Cellular and molecular neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/a:1020629818207
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Repeated electrical stimulation results in development of seizures and a permanent increase in seizure susceptibility (kindling). The permanence of kindling suggests that chronic changes in gene expression are involved. Kindling at different sites produces specific effects on interictal behaviors such as spatial cogni...
journal_title：Cellular and molecular neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10571-011-9672-7
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
