Abstract：
:Transplant rejection is a multifactorial process involving complex interactions between components of the innate and the acquired immune system. In view of the shortage of donor organs available for transplantation, xenotransplantation of pig organs into man has been considered as a potential solution. However, in comparison to allografts, xenografts are subject to extremely potent rejection processes that are currently incompletely defined. Consequently, an appropriate and safe treatment protocol ensuring long-term graft survival is not yet available. The first barrier that has to be taken for a xenograft is hyperacute rejection, a rapid process induced by the binding of pre-formed antibodies from the host to the graft endothelium, followed by activation of the classical complement pathway. The present review concentrates on the role of antibodies and complement in xenograft rejection as well as on the approaches for treatment that target these components. The first part focuses on porcine xenoantigens that are recognized by human xenoreactive antibodies and the different treatment strategies that aim on interference in antibody binding. The second part of the review deals with complement activation by xenoreactive antibodies, and summarizes the role of complement in the induction of endothelial cell damage and cell activation. Finally, various options that are currently under development for complement inhibition are discussed, with special reference to the specific inhibition of the classical complement pathway by soluble complement inhibitors.
journal_name
Transpl Immunoljournal_title
Transplant immunologyauthors
Roos A,Daha MRdoi
10.1016/s0966-3274(02)00042-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-05-01 00:00:00pages
257-70issue
2-4eissn
0966-3274issn
1878-5492pii
S0966-3274(02)00042-4journal_volume
9pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Recently, the signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) gene have been associated with multiple autoimmune diseases. Taking into consideration that the different autoimmune diseases may share some common pathogenetic pathways, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of STAT4 rs7574865 po...
journal_title：Transplant immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trim.2011.01.001
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since data on human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection in Spain is not available, our purpose was to determine the prevalence of HHV-8 infection and the risk of developing Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) among organ transplant recipients in different geographical areas of Spain. The study population consisted of 1019 liver and kid...
journal_title：Transplant immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trim.2006.09.008
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Molecules of the innate immune response are increasingly recognized as important mediators in allograft injury during and after kidney transplantation. We therefore aimed to establish the relationship between the expression of these genes at implantation, during an acute rejection (AR) and on graft outcome. ...
journal_title：Transplant immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trim.2018.02.009
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The liver is an immunological organ containing a large number of T, NK and NKT cells, but little is known about intrahepatic immunity after LTx. Here, we investigated whether the distribution of T, NK and CD3(+)CD56(+)NKT cells is altered in transplanted livers under different circumstances. METHODS:Core bi...
journal_title：Transplant immunology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trim.2011.05.006
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We suggest that surveillance for squamous cell cancer might be particularly useful for transplant patients receiving statin therapy. We recommend that development of non melanoma skin cancer should be specified as a secondary endpoint in future large endpoint statin trials, and suggest that in transplant patients the ...
journal_title：Transplant immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trim.2010.06.001
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although natural killer cells lyse targets without pre-sensitization, and in an MHC-unrestricted manner, they can also respond to healthy allogeneic cells of different MHC type. Such alloreactivity is a consequence of NK cells using clonally distributed, inhibitory MHC class I receptors to achieve tolerance to healthy...
journal_title：Transplant immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.trim.2006.09.022
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The importance of apoptosis contra necrosis for ischemia/reperfusion (RP) and acute rejection in concordant rodent xenotransplantation is largely unknown. We explored this question by comparing rodent allo and concordant xenotransplants with different morphological methods to detect apoptosis and biochemical...
journal_title：Transplant immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0966-3274(03)00018-2
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:Chronic renal allograft loss is still an unsolved problem in kidney transplantation. We evaluated the impact of FTY720, a S1P receptor agonist, known to deplete lymphocytes from the peripheral blood by sequestering them into lymph nodes and Peyer's patches, on blood lymphocytes and graft infiltrating cells in a ra...
journal_title：Transplant immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trim.2016.01.003
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Circulating host lymphocytes recognize, bind to, become activated by, and infiltrate engrafted allogeneic tissues. The mechanisms responsible for these early events which lead to acute immunological rejection have not been precisely defined. We have examined sequentially in vitro lymphocyte binding patterns in a kidne...
journal_title：Transplant immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0966-3274(95)80035-2
更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autoimmune diseases are the result of an interplay between predisposing genes and triggering environmental factors, leading to loss of self-tolerance and an immune-mediated destruction of autologous cells and/or tissues. Genes in the HLA complex are among the strongest predisposing genetic factors. The HLA complex gen...
journal_title：Transplant immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.trim.2005.03.021
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Desensitization (DS) is widely used to decrease PRA in solid organs transplant candidates (TC). Various numbers of cycles of DS are required to reduce or eliminate donor specific antibodies (DSA). The goal of this study was to investigate if there was a correlation between polymorphism (PM) of some cytokine genes and ...
journal_title：Transplant immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trim.2009.03.002
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for immunosuppression has been tested in transplantation, but its mechanisms are not fully understood. This study investigated the role of MSC-expressing B7-H1 in the induction of immune tolerance to cardiac allografts by the combination therapy of MSCs and rapa...
journal_title：Transplant immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trim.2014.06.005
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:TIRC7 delivers essential signals during immune activation as antibodies targeting TIRC7 inhibit lymphocyte proliferation and Th1 cytokine expression in vitro and prolonged kidney and heart allograft survival in vivo. Immunohistochemical analysis of biopsy specimens from human renal allografts undergoing rejection desp...
journal_title：Transplant immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trim.2006.09.027
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diphtheria toxin (DT)-based anti-CD3 immunotoxins have clinical relevance in numerous applications including autoimmune disease therapies and organ transplantation tolerance protocols. Pre-existing anti-DT antibodies acquired either by vaccination against diphtheria toxin or infections with C. diphtheriae may interfer...
journal_title：Transplant immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trim.2012.05.003
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this review, we summarize the work published over the last few years relative to cellular immunological hurdles encountered specifically in pig-to-primate xenotransplantation models. The works summarized here cover both the innate and adaptative cellular immune response as well as strategies to overcome them and co...
journal_title：Transplant immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.trim.2008.10.006
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alloreactivity probably involves T cell recognition of peptides bound to allogeneic HLA molecules. In order to study whether T cells recognizing common viral antigens presented by self HLA molecules also recognize some allogeneic HLA molecules we generated T lymphocyte clones (TLC) specific for herpes simplex virus (H...
journal_title：Transplant immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0966-3274(93)90005-s
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mouse hearts transplanted into MHC disparate donors are usually rejected 1 week after placement. It is widely accepted that alloantigen-reactive helper T lymphocytes (HTL) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are the key mediators of acute allograft rejection. This report demonstrates that the presence or absence of 'tra...
journal_title：Transplant immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0966-3274(95)80028-x
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The gene expression of the cytotoxic T-cell molecules perforin, granzyme B and Fas ligand are associated with acute rejection in renal allograft recipients. Several immune mechanisms are linked to severe systemic inflammation in brain-dead organ donors. We examined the mRNA expression of these T-cell activation biomar...
journal_title：Transplant immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trim.2008.12.002
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the immunosuppressive effects of the dihydroortate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitor compounds ABR-222417 and ABR-224050 from Active Biotech (Sweden). We verified the inhibitory effects of these compounds on the proliferation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells in vivo by using superantigen staphylococcus enter...
journal_title：Transplant immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trim.2010.05.005
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although immunosuppressive therapies have made organ transplantation a common medical procedure worldwide, chronic toxicity is a major issue of long-term treatment. One method to improve such therapies is the application of immunomodulatory agents from parasites, such as Hypoderma lineatum (Diptera: Oestridae). Hypode...
journal_title：Transplant immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trim.2018.09.001
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is known that the expression level of the heat shock protein (HSP) is elevated in allograft tissues, but the specific role of the HSP in the acute rejection has not been elucidated. This study aims to determine how and when the HSP72 molecule works immunologically in the process of acute allograft rejection from a ...
journal_title：Transplant immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trim.2004.08.003
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Since the Fas/Fas Ligand (FasL) interaction has been recognized as an apoptotic pathway, it eliminates the activated T cells and promotes the survival of grafts. In this study, the effect of FasL transfection of pig chondrocytes on allogeneic transplantation was examined in vitro and in vivo. ME...
journal_title：Transplant immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trim.2008.02.001
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The novel immunosuppressive agents malononitrilamides (MNA) 279 and 715 are derivatives of A77 1726, the primary metabolite of leflunomide. The effects of these agents have been previously demonstrated in rat skin and cardiac allo- and xenotransplant models. The aim of this study was to evaluate the combination of MNA...
journal_title：Transplant immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0966-3274(99)80036-7
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Acute rejection is a major obstacle in patients with prolonged ischemia in deceased-donor renal transplantation. Chemokines and their receptors play a critical role in leukocyte trafficking, resulting in allograft rejection; therefore, the role of chemokine receptor CXCR3 in acute rejection induced by prolon...
journal_title：Transplant immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trim.2015.08.001
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Persistent rejection in the face of treatment and multiple episodes of rejection are associated with the development of chronic rejection and graft loss in solid organ transplantation. The factors that create an environment for rejection that persists in the face of treatment are as yet not understood. The objective o...
journal_title：Transplant immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trim.2004.11.001
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Upon activation, T cells express CD40L, a member of the TNF cytokine superfamily, which serves as a ligand for CD40 on antigen presenting cells, including dendritic cells, B cells, and macrophages. While initial studies on the function of CD40 focused its role in the regulation of B cell activation, more recent studie...
journal_title：Transplant immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0966-3274(00)00026-5
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Graft-versus-host disease is one of the major complications after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, but it is not easy to anticipate the onset. Cytokines released by type 1 T helper cells are thought to play a pivotal role in acute graft-versus-host disease aGVHD. The ability to predict the likely occu...
journal_title：Transplant immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trim.2005.10.002
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Donor specific hematopoietic cell transplantation has long been recognized for its potential in tolerance induction for subsequently transplanted organs. We have recently published that co-administration of Myeloid Progenitor (MP) and third party Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSC) can induce MP-specific toleranc...
journal_title：Transplant immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trim.2014.04.001
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Experimental data show that relatively low concentrations of 15-deoxyspergualin (DSG) inhibit the induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and the generation of antibody-producing cells. Considerably higher concentrations of DSG are required to inhibit proliferative responses. In this in vitro study, the effects of ...
journal_title：Transplant immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0966-3274(96)80007-4
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a nuclear receptor that regulates the transcription of genes associated with lipid and glucose metabolism. Recently, it has been shown that PPARgamma modulates the activity of T cells, resulting in inhibition of T cell proliferation and IL-2 rel...
journal_title：Transplant immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trim.2007.03.003
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
