Abstract:
:Cattle are considered to be a reservoir host of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and contaminated foods of bovine origin are important vehicles of human infection. In this study, the susceptibility of calves to experimental E. coli O157:H7 infection following low oral exposures was determined. Two of 17 calves exposed to very low (< 300 c.f.u.) doses, and 3 of 4 calves exposed to low (< 10,000 c.f.u.) doses, subsequently excreted the challenge strains in their faeces. All calves (n = 12) sharing isolation rooms with calves that excreted the challenge strain in their faeces similarly began faecal excretion of the same strains within 21 days or less. The identity between the challenge strains and the strains excreted in calf faeces was confirmed by restriction digestion electrophoretic patterns using pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Calves shed E. coli O157:H7 in their faeces after very low dose exposures at concentrations ranging from < 30 to > 10(7) c.f.u./g, and for durations similar to the values previously reported for calves challenged by larger doses. The susceptibility of calves to infection following very low exposures or direct contact with infected calves has important implications for programmes for pre-harvest control of this agent.
journal_name
Epidemiol Infectjournal_title
Epidemiology and infectionauthors
Besser TE,Richards BL,Rice DH,Hancock DDdoi
10.1017/s095026880100615xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-12-01 00:00:00pages
555-60issue
3eissn
0950-2688issn
1469-4409journal_volume
127pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The subtypes of Campylobacter isolates from human infections in two Danish counties were compared to isolates from retail food samples and faecal samples from chickens, pigs and cattle. During a 1-year period, 1285 Campylobacter isolates from these sources were typed by two methods: 'Penner' heat-stable serotyping and...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268805005509
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper applies a scenario planning approach, to outline some current uncertainties related to COVID-19 and what they might mean for plausible futures for which we should prepare, and to identify factors that we as individual faculty members and university institutions should be considering now, when planning for t...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268820000898
更新日期:2020-04-29 00:00:00
abstract::Leprosy is a granulomatous disease, infectious and transmissible, which affects the skin and peripheral nerves, having Mycobacterium leprae as causative agent. The manifestation of this disease causes cutaneous lesions, peripheral neuropathies and, in more extreme cases, may generate deformities and disabilities in af...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0950268818002145
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined multistate outbreaks attributed to raw tomatoes in the United States from 1990 to 2010. We summarized the demographic and epidemiological characteristics of 15 outbreaks resulting in 1959 illnesses, 384 hospitalizations, and three deaths. Most (80%) outbreaks were reported during 2000-2010; 73% occurred Ma...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268814002167
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the frequency of Campylobacter as the principal cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the UK, outbreaks attributed to this pathogen are rare. One hundred and fourteen general foodborne outbreaks of campylobacteriosis were reported to the Health Protection Agency from 1992 to 2009 with most occurring in food se...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268810001974
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the first laboratory-confirmed human case of cowpox virus infection in Russia since 1991. Phylogenetic studies of haemagglutinin, TNF-α receptor-like protein and thymidine kinase regions showed significant differences with known orthopoxviruses, including unique amino-acid substitutions and deletions. ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268816002922
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This nested case-control study investigated the risk factors for gastroenteritis in a cohort using rainwater as their primary domestic water source. Consumption of beef [odds ratio (OR) 2·74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·56-4·80], handling of raw fresh chicken in the household (OR 1·52, 95% CI 1·02-2·29) and animal ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268810001159
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global public health threat. Misdiagnosis and delayed therapy of sputum smear-negative TB can affect the treatment outcomes and promote pathogen transmission. The application of Xpert MTB/RIF assay in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) has been recommended but needs clinical evidence. We c...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095026882000309X
更新日期:2020-12-28 00:00:00
abstract::Changes in Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence were studied determining IgG and IgA antibodies of 408 randomly selected adults aged 15-74 years living in Vammala, Finland in 1973 and of 504 similarly selected subjects in 1994. Seroprevalence increased by age at both time points. The age-adjusted seroprevalence rate was...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268897007565
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical features, treatment and outcome were assessed retrospectively by means of a questionnaire in 174 patients in general practice whose vaginal swabs yielded beta-haemolytic streptococci. These were compared with 96 patients whose swabs yielded no recognized microbial pathogens. Patients with group B streptococci...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800030107
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) for assessing the potential risk of dengue virus emergence and distribution in Western Australia (WA) is presented and used to identify possible hotspots of dengue outbreaks in summer and winter. The model assesses the probabilities of two kinds of events which must take place before an...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268816002090
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two hundred and forty-eight patients from shared oncology and general medical wards were prospectively studied over a 6-month period for carriage of Clostridium difficile during an outbreak of clinical disease with an epidemic strain of the organism. Risk factors for infection were assessed. Acute leukaemia and/or its...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800065560
更新日期:1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a cohort of 272 treatment-naive individuals with chronic hepatitis C infection acquired on a known date who were enrolled in the UK HCV National Register, a progressive improvement in response to treatment was found with the evolution of antiviral therapies from 20% (25/122) for interferon monotherapy to 63% (55/88...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268811002317
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Laboratory-based surveillance of invasive pneumococcal infections in adults in Finland from 1983 to 1992 identified 862 episodes of pneumococcal bacteraemia and 97 episodes of meningitis. The overall incidence of invasive pneumococcal infections was 9.1 per 100,000 for all adults per year, but 27.1, 35.8, and 44.5 per...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268896007169
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::South Africa's paediatric antiretroviral therapy (ART) programme is managed using a monitoring and evaluation tool known as TIER.Net. This electronic system has several advantages over paper-based systems, allowing profiling of the paediatric ART programme over time. We analysed anonymized TIER.Net data for HIV-infect...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268816001916
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging vector-borne arbovirus with a zoonotic life-cycle whose main reservoir hosts are birds. In humans and horses, WNV infections rarely result in clinical disease but on occasions - depending on factors such as climatic conditions, insect communities and background immunity levels in l...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268816000133
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trimethoprim resistance was examined in faecal bacteria obtained from chickens, sheep, cattle and pigs. The incidence of trimethoprim resistance in porcine strains was 17% (157/922) and, whereas 15.8% (146/922) of these bacteria were highly resistant, only 4% (37/922) of the isolates possessed trimethoprim resistance ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800061744
更新日期:1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::To estimate the incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) following Campylobacter jejuni infection (CI) we studied three populations where outbreaks of CI had occurred involving an estimated 8000 cases. No case of GBS was detected in the 6 months following the outbreaks in the local populations. The point estimate fo...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268898001861
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In late 2002, health professionals from the ministries of health and academia of Jordan, the Palestinian Authority and Israel formed the Middle East Consortium on Infectious Disease Surveillance (MECIDS) to facilitate trans-border cooperation in response to infectious disease outbreaks. The first mission of MECIDS was...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268810000270
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Laboratory-based surveillance of salmonella isolates serotyped at four state health departments (Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin) led to the identification of multistate outbreaks of salmonella infections during 1990 (176 cases of S. javiana) and 1993 (100 cases of S. montevideo). Community-based case-cont...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899002393
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is endemic in Turkey, and since 2004 many cases have been reported from different regions of Turkey. There are limited data about the seroprevalence of the disease in household members of patients or persons sharing the same environment. We evaluated seroprevalence of CCHF in th...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268813001155
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Between January 1994 and October 1997, we interviewed 2576 black in-patients with newly diagnosed cancer in Johannesburg and Soweto, South Africa. Blood was tested for HIV-1 and HHV-8 antibodies and the study was restricted to 2191 HIV-1 antibody-negative patients. We examined the relationship between infection with H...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268804002845
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A mu-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting chlamydia-specific IgM was developed by use of the heat stable, lipopolysaccharide group-specific antigen and an alkaline phosphatase-labelled anti-chlamydia group-specific monoclonal antibody conjugate. The test was used to study the serological res...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800054339
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two groups of pigs were infected with a recent Italian isolate of swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV). Blood, nasal swabs and faeces were collected for up to 6 months after exposure to infection and animals were killed at regular intervals to obtain tissues post-mortem. These samples were examined for virus by conven...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268898001332
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new epidemiologic typing method based on electrophoresis of esterases had been developed for differentiating between clinical isolates of Branhamella catarrhalis. Twenty-two epidemiologically significant strains obtained from three Chest Units, a Paediatric Intensive Care Unit and a Paediatric Unit were compared wit...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800030946
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an economically important, acute or sub-acute, viral disease of cattle that occurs across Africa and in the Middle East. The aim of this study was to investigate if lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) can be transmitted mechanically by African brown ear ticks (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Neum....
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268812000805
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The epidemiological target of lockdowns is to drive down the effective reproduction number (Rt) to less than 1. A key unknown is the duration that lockdowns need to be in place to achieve this and which lockdown measures are effective. Daily number of laboratory confirmed community coronavirus 2019 cases were extracte...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268820002964
更新日期:2020-12-09 00:00:00
abstract::Since 2002, the burden of norovirus (NoV) infection in Ireland has increased. Outbreaks in institutional settings are the most common causing widespread disruption to health service delivery. This is the first national study of NoV in the Republic of Ireland and its aim was to identify the major NoV strains circulatin...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268806006121
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our purpose was to determine the effectiveness and harms of vaccination in patients with any sexual history to prevent the prevalence of papillomavirus infection. A search strategy was conducted in the MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE and LILACS databases. Searches were also conducted in other databases and unpublished litera...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1017/S0950268818003679
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seasonal influenza virus epidemics have a major impact on healthcare systems. Data on population susceptibility to emerging influenza virus strains during the interepidemic period can guide planning for resource allocation of an upcoming influenza season. This study sought to assess the population susceptibility to re...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268819001717
更新日期:2019-09-26 00:00:00