Abstract：
:The combination of complete genome sequence information and estimates of mRNA abundances have begun to reveal causes of both silent and protein sequence evolution. Translational selection appears to explain patterns of synonymous codon usage in many prokaryotes as well as a number of eukaryotic model organisms (with the notable exception of vertebrates). Relationships between gene length and codon usage bias, however, remain unexplained. Intriguing correlations between expression patterns and protein divergence suggest some general mechanisms underlying protein evolution.
journal_name
Curr Opin Genet Devjournal_title
Current opinion in genetics & developmentauthors
Akashi Hdoi
10.1016/s0959-437x(00)00250-1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-12-01 00:00:00pages
660-6issue
6eissn
0959-437Xissn
1879-0380pii
S0959-437X(00)00250-1journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Much progress has been made in the past few years in understanding the mechanism and regulation of mRNA synthesis. This rapid progress has largely been due to the availability of cloned genes encoding components of the transcription machinery. Structural and biochemical studies are rapidly defining the architecture of...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(96)80044-x
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fundamental tasks of the root system are, besides anchoring, mediating interactions between plant and soil and providing the plant with water and nutrients. The architecture of the root system is controlled by endogenous mechanisms that constantly integrate environmental signals, such as availability of nutrients ...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2017.03.010
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The induction of an appropriate cellular response to a stimulus often depends on the intricate interplay between multiple signaling pathways. Recent work utilizing Caenorhabditis elegans has enabled the identification of points of convergence between signaling pathways and permitted the elucidation of how multiple sig...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(00)00122-2
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The definitive endoderm (DE) was first defined as the innermost germ layer found in all metazoan embryos. During development, it gives rise to a vast array of specialized epithelial cell types lining the respiratory and digestive systems, and contributes to associated organs such as thyroid, thymus, lungs, liver, and ...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2012.05.002
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An epigenetic imprinting mechanism that is based on a gamete-specific methylation imprint restricts expression of a subset of mammalian genes to one parental chromosome. Recent results suggest that imprints may act only indirectly to induce monoallelic expression of coding genes. Instead, atypical non-coding RNAs appe...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(00)00062-9
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For many years, biologists' efforts in achieving gene targeting by homologous recombination in multicellular organisms have been hampered by the difficulty in culturing pluripotent stem cells. Recent advances have eliminated this requirement for several animal species. For large mammals, cloning by nuclear transfer ha...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(03)00018-2
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The induction of apoptosis of virus-infected cells is an important host defense mechanism against invading pathogens. Some viruses express anti-apoptotic proteins that efficiently block apoptosis induced by death receptors or in response to stress signaled through mitochondria. Viral interference with host cell apopto...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(98)80066-x
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The genotype-phenotype map of human evolution is difficult to access since humans cannot be crossed with other species. Most of the ∼20 million genetic changes that occurred since the human and the chimpanzee lineage split, are fixed and hence completely correlated with all phenotypic changes that occurred during huma...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2014.08.008
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eukaryotic chromatin is a negatively charged long polymer composed of genomic DNA, histones, and various proteins. The charged property causes the chromatin structure to be dynamically changed. These dynamic changes are critical for genome functions such as gene expression because they directly govern the degree of DN...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2015.11.006
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cell fates are instructed by signals emitted from specialized cell populations called organizers. The study of epidermal patterning in Drosophila is contributing novel insights concerning the establishment and action of such organizers. Juxtaposed rows of cells express either the wingless or hedgehog signaling molecul...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0959-437x(94)90068-e
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are concentrated in nuclear foci called PcG bodies. Although some of these foci are due to the tendency of PcG binding sites in the genome to occur in linear clusters, distant PcG sites can contact one another and in some cases congregate in the same PcG body when they are repressed. Expe...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2011.11.004
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Empowered by modern genotyping and large samples, population structure can be accurately described and quantified even when it only explains a fraction of a percent of total genetic variance. This is especially relevant and interesting for humans, where fine-scale population structure can both confound disease-mapping...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2016.08.007
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mammalian genome is folded into topological domains, chromosomal units that probably serve to spatially accommodate enhancer-promoter interactions and control gene expression levels across cell populations. Longer-range contacts beyond topological domains are also formed, but only in subpopulations of cells. We pr...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2012.12.010
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:TGF-beta binding to the cell surface triggers activation of multiple signal transduction pathways that are connected in intricate ways with each other, and with other response networks involved in sensing cellular information input. Recent data indicate that changes in signal intensity and connectivity of these pathwa...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(01)00259-3
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the past twenty years, exciting developments in optical and molecular imaging approaches have allowed researchers to examine with unprecedented resolution the spatial organization of transcription sites in the nucleus. An attractive model that has developed from these studies is that active genes cluster to prefo...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2014.01.002
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mitochondria are highly abundant in and essential to the beat-to-beat contractile performance of hearts. However, relatively few cardiac diseases have been attributed to primary mitochondrial dysfunction. The paucity of evidence for 'primary mitochondrial cardiac diseases' may be because such an entity does not exist....
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2016.03.001
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death in the developed world and despite impressive advances in therapeutic modalities, only a small subset of patients are currently cured. The underlying genetic heterogeneity of cancers clearly plays a crucial role in determining both the clinical course of individual pat...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2020.02.012
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plant genomes exhibit tremendous diversity in both their size and structure, with genome sizes across land plants ranging over two to three orders of magnitude and significant variation in structural organization was observed across species (EA Kellogg, JL Bennetzen, The evolution of nuclear genome structure in seed p...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2008.11.005
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:What determines phenotype is one of the most fundamental questions in biology. Historically, the search for answers had focused on genetic or environmental variants, but recent studies in epigenetics have revealed a third mechanism that can influence phenotypic outcomes, even in the absence of genetic or environmental...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2006.09.002
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Differential gene expression gives rise to the many cell types of complex organisms. Enhancers regulate transcription by binding transcription factors (TFs), which in turn recruit cofactors to activate RNA Polymerase II at core promoters. Transcriptional regulation is typically mediated by distinct combinations of TFs...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2016.12.007
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human genetic studies have long been vastly Eurocentric, raising a key question about the generalizability of these study findings to other populations. Because humans originated in Africa, these populations retain more genetic diversity, and yet individuals of African descent have been tremendously underrepresented i...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2018.08.005
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ras proteins activate a signaling cascade through direct binding of the serine/threonine kinase Raf. They also activate additional signaling pathways that are essential for full biological activity. Candidate effectors for these pathways include RalGDS and phosphatidyl inositol 3' kinase, as well as several other Ras ...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(97)80112-8
更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:SINEs with internal promoters for RNA polymerase III are ubiquitous in the genomes of the animal kingdom, including invertebrates. Although the human Alu family, and related families, originates from 7SL RNA, all other SINEs originate from tRNA. SINEs have been amplified many times, altered in genomic organization and...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(05)80198-4
更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies of primate lentivirus phylogeny over the past decade have established a minimum of five related, but genetically distinct, groups of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), each originating from a different African primate species. The hypothesis that HIV-2 (and SIVmac) arose by cross-species transmission from so...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0959-437x(95)80014-v
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Non-human primates (NHPs) have been proposed as good models for neurodevelopmental disorders due to close similarities to humans in terms of brain structure and cognitive function. The recent development of genome editing technologies has opened new avenues to generate and investigate genetically modified NHPs as mode...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2020.05.040
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc has been described as 'direct' reprogramming in contrast to reprogramming via nuclear transfer. Interestingly, recent studies have suggested that the conversion process itself includes transient up-regulation and down-regulation of h...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2014.08.006
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There has been much recent progress in our understanding of the role played by the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK cascade in human cancer. RAS is an oncogene and this pathway is known to promote proliferation and malignant transformation. More recently, however, RAF has become the focus of attention, particularly in melanoma, where ...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2006.12.005
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The recent flood of information concerning Saccharomyces cerevisiae replication origins and the proteins that interact with them contrasts alarmingly to the trickle of progress in our understanding of metazoan origins. In mammalian cells, origins are complex and heterogeneous, and appear to be selected by features of ...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(98)80141-x
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hox proteins regulate specific sets of target genes to give rise to morphological distinctions along the anterior-posterior body axis of metazoans. Though they have high developmental specificity, Hox proteins have low DNA binding specificity, so how they select the appropriate target genes has remained enigmatic. The...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2005.06.009
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes confer a high risk of breast cancer development. Both genes encode very large proteins of unknown function but recent results suggest that they may have roles in transcriptional regulation and DNA repair. These advances offer the prospect of understanding not only the normal cell...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(98)80056-7
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
