Artificial reproductive technologies: the Israeli scene.

abstract：:Some bioethicists argue that conscientious objectors in health care should have to justify themselves, just as objectors in the military do. They should have to provide reasons that explain why they should be exempt from offering the services that they find offensive. There are two versions of this view in the literat...

journal_title：Bioethics

authors： Kantymir L,McLeod C

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the end-of-life context, alleviation of the suffering of a distressed patient is usually seen as a, if not the, central goal for the medical personnel treating her. Yet it has also been argued that suffering should be seen as a part of good dying. More precisely, it has been maintained that alleviating a dying pati...

journal_title：Bioethics

authors： Varelius J

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cass Sunstein and Richard Thaler recommend helping people make better decisions by employing 'nudges', which they define as noncoercive methods of influencing choice for the better. Not surprisingly, healthcare practitioners and public policy professionals have become interested in whether nudges might be a promising ...

journal_title：Bioethics

authors： Noggle R

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several important issues are raised and illuminated in "Genetic Harm"; not least, in its detailed discussion of specific genetic disorders. In particular, it focuses on a type of disorder whose ill effects are not manifested at birth, but only at a later stage in life. The conclusion, with its significant implicatio...

journal_title：Bioethics

authors： Zohar NJ

更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this essay, we present three case studies which suggest that sometimes we are better off supporting a so-called irrational suicide, and that emotional or psychological distress--even if medically controllable--might justify a suicide. We underscore how complicated these decisions are and how murky a physician's mor...

journal_title：Bioethics

authors： Hardcastle VG,Stewart RW

更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An established ethical principle of biomedical research involving human subjects stipulates that risk to subjects should be proportionate to an experiment's potential benefits. Sometimes this principle is imprecisely stated as a requirement that 'risks and benefits' be balanced. First, it is noted why this language is...

journal_title：Bioethics

authors： Van Ness P

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The discussion on ethical issues, it is said, should not be confined to experts but should be extended to patients and local communities, because of the real need to engage stakeholders and non-stakeholders alike not only in carrying out any biomedical research project, but also in the drafting and legislation of bioe...

journal_title：Bioethics

authors： Manaloto RB,Alvarez AA,Alvarez MA

更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The inevitable need for rationing of healthcare has apparently presented the medical profession with the dilemma of choosing the lesser of two evils. Physicians appear to be obliged to adopt either an implausible version of traditional professional ethics or an equally problematic ethics of bedside rationing. The form...

journal_title：Bioethics

authors： Lauridsen S

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this paper is to describe the scientific background to the current ethical and legislative debates about the generation and use of human stem cells, and to give an overview of the ethical issues underlying these debates. The ethical issues discussed are 1) stem cells and the status of the embryo, 2) wom...

journal_title：Bioethics

authors： Holm S

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To investigate whether Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong share similar perceptions with their Western counterparts regarding their capacity for autonomous decision-making, and secondarily whether Chinese parents underestimate their adolescent children's desire and capacity for autonomous decision-making. MET...

journal_title：Bioethics

authors： Hui E

更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this article I consider the case of the surgical separation of conjoined twins resulting in the immediate and predictable death of the weaker one. The case was submitted to English law by the hospital, and the operation permitted against the parents' wishes. I consider the relationship between the legal decision an...

journal_title：Bioethics

authors： Cowley C

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Beauchamp and Childress' definition of autonomous decision-making includes the conditions of intentionality, understanding, and non-control. In genetics, however, a relational conception of autonomy has been increasingly recognized. This article aims to empirically assess aspects of social influence in genetic testing...

journal_title：Bioethics

authors： Zimmermann BM,Koné I,Shaw D,Elger B

更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This discussion paper continues the debate over risk-related standards of mental competence which appears in Bioethics 5. Dan Brock there defends an approach to mental competence in patients which defines it as being relative to differing standards, more or less rigorous depending on the degree of risk involved in pro...

journal_title：Bioethics

authors： Wilks I

更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In From Chance to Choice, Allen Buchanan, Dan Brock, Norman Daniels and Daniel Wikler propose a new way of defending the moral significance of the distinction between genetic treatments and enhancements. They develop what they call a 'normal function model' of equality of opportunity and argue that it offers a 'limite...

journal_title：Bioethics

authors： Holtug N

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Anderson was a member of the writing group for the recent revision of Australia's national Code of Practice for the use of animals in scientific research. Here he outlines the major features of the Code. These deal with animal experimentation ethics committees, with levels of pain and distress in subjects, with stan...

journal_title：Bioethics

authors： Anderson W

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Therapeutic misconception involves the failure of subjects either to understand or to incorporate into their own expectations the distinctions in nature and purpose of personally responsive therapeutic care, and the generic relationship between subject and investigator which is constrained by research protocols. Resea...

journal_title：Bioethics

authors： McConville P

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper is an analysis of the limits of family authority to refuse life saving treatment for a family member (in the Chinese medical context). Family consent has long been praised and practiced in many non-Western cultural settings such as China and Japan. In contrast, the controversy of family refusal remains less...

journal_title：Bioethics

authors： Jin P,Zhang X

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The future development of bioethics has been discussed in a number of articles in recent years, principally with regard to the trend towards empirical studies. However, what is meant by empirical studies in this context and how it is to be used concretely have been subject to varying interpretations. The purpose of th...

journal_title：Bioethics

authors： Nikku N,Eriksson BE

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The morality of surrogate mothering is analyzed from a "consequentialist" framework which attempts to separate those consequences that invariably accompany a given act from those that accompany it only in particular circumstances. Critics of surrogacy argue that it transfers the burden and risk of pregnancy onto anot...

journal_title：Bioethics

authors： Purdy LM

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a Living Donor List Exchange program, the donor makes his kidney available for allocation to patients on the postmortal waiting-list and receives in exchange a postmortal kidney, usually an O-kidney, to be given to the recipient he favours. The program can be a solution for a candidate donor who is unable to donate...

journal_title：Bioethics

authors： den Hartogh G

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Scientists seeking to conduct research with human subjects must first submit their proposals to research ethics committees (Institutional Review Boards [IRBs], in the United States). Some of these studies pose risks to "bystanders," i.e., people who may be affected by the research but who are not enrolled as study sub...

journal_title：Bioethics

authors： Wikler D

更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prominent international and national ethics commissions such as the UNESCO International Bioethics Committee rarely achieve anything remotely resembling gender equality, although local research and ethics committees are somewhat more egalitarian. Under-representation of women is particularly troubling when the subject...

journal_title：Bioethics

authors： Dickenson D

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The work of a bioethicist carries distinctive responsibilities. Alongside those of any worker, there are responsibilities associated with giving guidance to practitioners, policy makers and the public. In addition, bioethicists are professionally exposed to and required to identify situations of moral trouble, and as ...

journal_title：Bioethics

authors： Scully JL

更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several recent articles have weighed in on the question of whether moral philosophers can be counted as moral experts. One argument denying this has been rejected by both sides of the debate. According to this argument, the extent of disagreement in modern moral philosophy prevents moral philosophers from being classi...

journal_title：Bioethics

authors： Cross B

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Germline genome editing is often disapproved of at the international policy level because of its possible threats to human dignity. However, from a critical perspective the relationship between this emerging technology and human dignity is relatively understudied. We explore the main principles that are referred to wh...

journal_title：Bioethics

authors： Segers S,Mertes H

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Don Marquis argues that abortion is morally wrong in most cases since it deprives the fetus of the value of its future. I criticize Marquis's argument for the modified conservative view by adopting an argumentative strategy in which I work within his basic account: if it is granted that his fundamental idea is sound, ...

journal_title：Bioethics

authors： Card RF

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article introduces questions in psychiatric ethics regarding the substantial field of qualitative and quantitative research into 'posttraumatic growth', which investigates how, after devastating experiences, individuals can come to feel that they have developed warmer relationships, increased spirituality, or a c...

journal_title：Bioethics

authors： Harbin A

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the aftermath of allegations of the misuse of human eggs in the United States, questions are being raised about whether profitable reproductive services should continue to function in a free market under the aegis of physicians or should be regulated. Other countries in which reproductive technologies are employed ...

journal_title：Bioethics

authors： Cohen CB

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Much of the debate about the ethics of abortion has centered on whether the fetus is a person. In an attempt to sidestep this complex issue, I argue that, even if the fetus is not a person, abortion is immoral. To arrive at this conclusion, I argue that giving a fetus fetal alcohol syndrome is immoral, and that if thi...

journal_title：Bioethics

authors： Hendricks P

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ought we to improve our cognitive capacities beyond the normal human range? It might be a good idea to level out differences between peoples cognitive capacities; and some people's reaching beyond normal capacities may have some good side-effects on society at large (but also bad side-effects, of course). But is there...

journal_title：Bioethics

authors： Tännsjö T

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00