Abstract:
:This discussion paper continues the debate over risk-related standards of mental competence which appears in Bioethics 5. Dan Brock there defends an approach to mental competence in patients which defines it as being relative to differing standards, more or less rigorous depending on the degree of risk involved in proposed treatment. But Mark Wicclair raises a problem for this approach: if significantly different levels of risk attach, respectively, to accepting and refusing the same treatment, then it is possible, on this account, for a patient to be considered competent to accept, but not refuse, the treatment, or vice versa. I argue that this puzzle does not constitute a genuine problem for a risk-related standard. To this end I focus on the situation where, of two mutually exclusive options, one is riskier, but offering more pronounced benefit, while the other is safer, but offering less benefit. I argue for this proposition: it can take far less insight to know that the safe option is good than to know that the risky option is better. Now say one is actually informed enough to know that the safe option is good, but not enough to know whether the risky option is better; in such a case one is competent to say yes to that first option (the safe one), but not to say yes to the other. (I argue in passing that Pascal's Wager can be interpreted as having precisely this deliberative structure.) I thus conclude that cases do indeed exist where one can be competent to say yes but not no, or vice versa; and that it is thus not an anomaly in the risk-related standard that it entails the existence of such cases.
journal_name
Bioethicsjournal_title
Bioethicsauthors
Wilks Idoi
10.1111/1467-8519.00081subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-10-01 00:00:00pages
413-26issue
5eissn
0269-9702issn
1467-8519journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
BIOETHICS文献大全abstract::Incompetent patients need to have someone else make decisions on their behalf. According to the Substituted Judgment Standard the surrogate decision maker ought to make the decision that the patient would have made, had he or she been competent. Objections have been raised against this traditional construal of the sta...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2009.01768.x
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper we consider the three categories offered by Howard Brody for understanding power in medicine. In his book The Healer's Power, Brody separates out power in medicine into the categories of Aesculapian, Social, and Charismatic power. We examine these three categories and then apply them to a case. In this c...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1467-8519.00065
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prominent international and national ethics commissions such as the UNESCO International Bioethics Committee rarely achieve anything remotely resembling gender equality, although local research and ethics committees are somewhat more egalitarian. Under-representation of women is particularly troubling when the subject...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2006.00485.x
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peter Singer has argued that nothing done to a fetus before it acquires consciousness can harm it. At the same time, he concedes that a child can be harmed by something done to it when it was a non-conscious fetus. But this implies that the non-conscious fetus can be harmed. The mistake lies in thinking that, since ex...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1467-8519.00158
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A common reason for giving research participants post-trial access (PTA) to the trial intervention appeals to reciprocity, the principle, stated most generally, that if one person benefits a second, the second should reciprocate: benefit the first in return. Many authors consider it obvious that reciprocity supports P...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bioe.12039
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper analyses the concept of empirical ethics as well as three meta-ethical fallacies that empirical ethics is said to face: the is-ought problem, the naturalistic fallacy and violation of the fact-value distinction. Moreover, it answers the question of whether empirical ethics (necessarily) commits these three ...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2009.01710.x
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A common strategy in bioethics is to posit a prima facie case in favour of one policy, and to then claim that the burden of proof (that this policy should be rejected) falls on those with opposing views. If the burden of proof is not met, it is claimed, then the policy in question should be accepted. This article illu...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bioe.12194
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In From Chance to Choice, Allen Buchanan, Dan Brock, Norman Daniels and Daniel Wikler propose a new way of defending the moral significance of the distinction between genetic treatments and enhancements. They develop what they call a 'normal function model' of equality of opportunity and argue that it offers a 'limite...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2009.01750.x
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this paper is to describe the scientific background to the current ethical and legislative debates about the generation and use of human stem cells, and to give an overview of the ethical issues underlying these debates. The ethical issues discussed are 1) stem cells and the status of the embryo, 2) wom...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/1467-8519.00307
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discussion on ethical issues, it is said, should not be confined to experts but should be extended to patients and local communities, because of the real need to engage stakeholders and non-stakeholders alike not only in carrying out any biomedical research project, but also in the drafting and legislation of bioe...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2005.00464.x
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Is it ethical to market complementary and alternative medicines? Complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) are medical products and services outside the mainstream of medical practice. But they are not just medicines (or supposed medicines) offered and provided for the prevention and treatment of illness. They are...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bioe.12226
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The morality of surrogate mothering is analyzed from a "consequentialist" framework which attempts to separate those consequences that invariably accompany a given act from those that accompany it only in particular circumstances. Critics of surrogacy argue that it transfers the burden and risk of pregnancy onto anot...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.1989.tb00324.x
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RESEARCH OBJECTIVE:This study focuses on ADs in the Netherlands and introduces a cross-cultural perspective by comparing it with other countries. METHODS:A questionnaire was sent to a panel comprising 1621 people representative of the Dutch population. The response was 86%. RESULTS:95% of the respondents didn't have ...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2009.01788.x
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In his article 'The substance view: A critique', Rob Lovering argues that the substance view -according to which a human person comes into existence at the moment of conception - leads to such implausible implications that this view should be abandoned. I responded to his reductio arguments in 'A critique of Rob Lover...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bioe.12450
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ethical concept of responsiveness has largely been interpreted in the context of international clinical research. In light of the increasing conduct of externally funded health systems research (HSR) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), this article examines how responsiveness might be understood for such ...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bioe.12138
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biobanks are essential tools for furthering a broad range of medical research areas. However, despite the plethora of national and international laws and guidelines which apply to them, the access and sharing policies of biobanks are only sparsely addressed by regulatory bodies. The 'give and take' process of biosampl...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bioe.12134
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper explores the legal and ethical concept of human subject research in order to determine whether genetic research with already available biosamples and data falls within this concept. Although the ethical concept seems to have evolved to recognize research based on data as human research, from a supranational...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bioe.12475
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Women face extraordinary difficulty in seeking sterilization as physicians routinely deny them the procedure. Physicians defend such denials by citing the possibility of future regret, a well-studied phenomenon in women's sterilization literature. Regret is, however, a problematic emotion upon which to deny reproducti...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bioe.12431
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following Bernheim,(1) we examine aspects of 'felicitometrics,'(2) the measurement of the 'quality' term in Quality of Life (QOL). Bernheim argued that overall QOL is best captured as the Gestalt(3) of a global self-assessment and suggested that the Anamnestic Comparative Self Assessment (ACSA) approach, in which subj...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2008.00642.x
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reports the results of a survey, by mailed questionnaire, of the attitudes, values and practices of doctors in Singapore with respect to the doctor-patient relationship. Questionnaires were sent to a random sample of 475 doctors (261 general practitioners and 214 medical specialists), out of which 249 (52...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1467-8519.00180
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Social work and bioethics are fields deeply committed to cross-disciplinary collaboration to do their respective work. While scholars and practitioners from both fields share a commitment to social justice and to respecting the dignity, integrity and the worth of all persons, the overlap between the fields, including ...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bioe.12106
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The concept of vulnerability has been subject to numerous different interpretations but accounts are still beset with significant problems as to their adequacy, such as their contentious application or the lack of genuine explanatory role for the concept. The constant failure to provide a compelling conceptual analysi...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bioe.12144
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Are fetuses, at any stage of their development, capable of feeling pain? In his paper, "Locating the Beginnings of Pain," Stuart Derbyshire argues that they are not. We argue that he reaches this conclusion by way of conceptual confusion, a misreading of the available scientific data and the inclusion of irrelevant da...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1467-8519.00212
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Funders (located primarily in high-income countries) and high-income country researchers have historically dominated decision-making within global health research collaborations: from setting agendas and research design to determining how data are collected and analysed and what happens with findings and outputs. The ...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bioe.12793
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper considers Habermas' model of a post-secular political order in the light of the debate on male circumcision that arose in Germany after a court ruled that male circumcision was an unjustifiable act of bodily harm. Central to this model is the idea that religious reasons can only become effective in central ...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bioe.12526
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fulford has argued that (1) the medical concepts illness, disease and dysfunction are inescapably evaluative terms, (2) illness is conceptually prior to disease, and (3) a model conforming to (2) has greater explanatory power and practical utility than the conventional value-free medical model. This 'reverse' model em...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2011.01902.x
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Slippery slope arguments (SSAs) are used in a wide range of philosophical debates, but are often dismissed as empirically ill-founded and logically fallacious. In particular, leading authors put forward a meta-SSA which points to instances of empirically ill-founded and logically fallacious SSAs and to the alleged exi...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bioe.12727
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Warnock, chair of Britain's Committee of Inquiry into Human Fertilisation and Embryology, discusses the implications of the "artificial family" for children born through the use of reproductive technologies. She considers both treatment of infertility and the possible use of assisted reproduction to enable persons ot...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.1987.tb00023.x
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antibiotic resistance is one of the most pressing public health problems humanity faces. Research into new classes of antibiotics and new kinds of treatments - including risky experimental treatments such as phage therapy and vaccines - is an important part of improving our ability to treat infectious diseases. In ord...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bioe.12596
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Principle of Agency says that if it would be good for a state of affairs to occur "naturally," then it is permissable to take action to bring it about. This contradicts the views of some bioethicists, who object to euthanasia, in vitro fertilization, and cloning, even though they acknowledge that the states of aff...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1467-8519.00101
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00