Abstract：
:Kraepelin had a modern vision of affective illness. He hypothesized that affective recurrences arose from enduring dispositions of depressive, cyclothymic, irritable, or 'manic' types. These dispositions appeared as 'temperaments' in English translations of his work. In the extreme, such temperamental gloominess or moodiness is today officially diagnosed as 'dysthymic' or 'cyclothymic'; irritable and hyperthymic (or manic) dispositions have not received official sanction in the contemporary psychiatric nomenclature. This paper reviews recent research which supports Kraepelin's theoretical framework regarding dysthymic and cyclothymic dispositions both as clinically relevant extreme forms of temperament and as precursors of major affective episodes. Compelling lines of evidence along epidemiologic, clinical-descriptive, familial-genetic, therapeutic, and follow-up perspectives are summarized for each disposition. Much of what in contemporary psychiatry is considered to be in the realm of subthreshold affective conditions, overlaps considerably with Kraepelin's concepts of the trait affective dispositions described herein. Most importantly, although Kraepelin's observations were based primarily on hospitalized, severely ill affective patients, his broad vision still guides us today for understanding etiology and instituting public health and preventive measures in major affective episodes.
journal_name
J Affect Disordjournal_title
Journal of affective disordersauthors
Akiskal HSdoi
10.1016/s0165-0327(00)00347-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-01-01 00:00:00pages
17-31issue
1-2eissn
0165-0327issn
1573-2517pii
S0165-0327(00)00347-5journal_volume
62pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：INTRODUCTION:Comprehensive understanding of the association between depression and neuropsychological functioning over the course of adolescence requires developmentally sensitive assessment through longitudinal data. The aim of current study is to examine the concurrent and subsequent effects of depressive symptoms on...
journal_title：Journal of affective disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jad.2017.11.060
更新日期：2018-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous pharmaco-epidemiological studies have reported increases in the prescription of psychotropic medications after a disaster, reflecting post-disaster changes in psychiatric conditions and mental health service utilization. We investigated changes in the prescription of psychotropic medications in the ...
journal_title：Journal of affective disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jad.2017.05.026
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Bipolar disorder (BD) broadly affects brain structure, in particular areas involved in emotion processing and cognition. In the last years, the psychiatric field's interest in machine learning approaches has been steadily growing, thanks to the potentiality of automatically discriminating patients from healt...
journal_title：Journal of affective disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.019
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inactivates catecholamines, and a G-A transition in the COMT gene (rs4680) influences the enzyme activity and the interaction between cortical and subcortical dopaminergic neurotransmission. Studies in healthy participants and in patients affected by schizophrenia suggeste...
journal_title：Journal of affective disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jad.2010.01.005
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The symptoms that contribute to the clinical diagnosis of depression likely emerge from, or are related to, underlying cognitive deficits. To understand this relationship further, we examined the relationship between self-reported somatic and cognitive-affective Beck'sDepression Inventory-II (BDI-II) symptom...
journal_title：Journal of affective disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jad.2014.09.054
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This paper extends previous work describing course in depression using a recommended operational model that defines remission onset and relapse. We test whether a similar course pattern would emerge using this model in a new cohort of depressed participants. METHODS:We recruited a cohort of 86 participants,...
journal_title：Journal of affective disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jad.2010.02.107
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:In some individuals, recovery from episodes of mental illness may be impeded by maladaptive illness beliefs and behaviors. For individuals with chronic illness, acceptance of its presence and consequences is necessary to seek appropriate treatment, adjust their lifestyle, and adhere to recommended management ...
journal_title：Journal of affective disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jad.2012.07.003
更新日期：2013-03-20 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We examined the rate of bipolar I (BPD-I) and bipolar II disorders (BPD-II) in panic disorder (PD) patients, and compared clinical and psychological variables between PD patients with and without bipolar disorders (BPD). METHODS:Participants were 649 Japanese patients with PD (215 men and 434 women, 38.49 ±...
journal_title：Journal of affective disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jad.2012.10.014
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Persistent cognitive dysfunction in unipolar depression (UD) contributes to socio-occupational impairment, but there are no feasible methods to screen for and monitor cognitive dysfunction in this patient group. The present study investigated the validity of two new instruments to screen for cognitive dysfun...
journal_title：Journal of affective disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jad.2015.10.059
更新日期：2016-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Heart Rate Variability (HRV) parameters have been used to evaluate the autonomic nervous system. We hypothesized that patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and panic disorder (PD) showed different HRV profiles compared to healthy controls. We also hypothesized that we could predict the responder grou...
journal_title：Journal of affective disorders
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.048
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Accurately identifying patients at an elevated risk of suicide in minimal time is an important mental health issue. Therefore, we developed the Ultra Brief Checklist for Suicidality (UBCS) and reported its psychometric properties. METHODS:We studied 544 participants who had completed the UBCS, other self-re...
journal_title：Journal of affective disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.037
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The goal of this paper was to determine factors which are related to motivation of bipolar patients to attend a psychoeducation program. METHODS:Patients with bipolar disorder which had at least four years of prospective follow-ups were invited to a 6-week psychoeducation program. Patients who accepted and ...
journal_title：Journal of affective disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jad.2009.08.016
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Comorbidity between Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) and major depression is highly prevalent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of SUDs in subjects diagnosed with a major depressive disorder (MDD) in community, inpatient and outpatient settings. METHODS:A comprehensive...
journal_title：Journal of affective disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.141
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the effectiveness of a psycho-educational programme for the primary prevention of somatoform disorders in healthy primary care patients. METHODS:Randomized, controlled trial. Participants (N=104) were randomly assigned to: (1) a psycho-educational intervention, or (2) no intervention at all. The pr...
journal_title：Journal of affective disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.jad.2009.06.031
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Bipolar Disorder (BD) is characterized by impairments in psychosocial functioning with occupational disability being one of the most significant. Depression and neurocognitive deficits are features of BD most commonly associated with poor occupational functioning (OF). Few studies have examined these feature...
journal_title：Journal of affective disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jad.2017.03.015
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thirty subjects with seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and three subjects with a non-seasonal depression had a trial of phototherapy in an open assessment of the feasibility of phototherapy in clinical practice. 43% of the SAD subjects met the criteria for 'successful treatment', but none of the subjects with non-seas...
journal_title：Journal of affective disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-0327(90)90069-k
更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Self-reported data and media suggest youth mental health is declining. To more objectively measure this, we conducted a population-wide investigation of changes in diagnosed point prevalences of anxiety/depression among children and young adults between 1997 and 2017 in Ontario, Canada. METHODS:All Ontarian...
journal_title：Journal of affective disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.178
更新日期：2020-12-30 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The study's aim was to examine insight in mood disorders in relation to type of mood episode, psychotic state, and insight change over the episode. METHODS:Fifty four patients with a manic or major depressive episode were interviewed for insight assessment at admission and discharge. RESULTS:At admission, ...
journal_title：Journal of affective disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-0327(97)00198-5
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Maternal depression is a widely recognized public health concern with significant implications for child functioning, including the development of negative child affect and risk for later depression. Negative mental representations may partially account for the association between maternal depression and chi...
journal_title：Journal of affective disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jad.2019.09.073
更新日期：2020-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Depression and anxiety are routinely managed by physicians in Family Medicine (FM) or General Internal Medicine (GIM). Because FM requires more behavioral health training than GIM, we sought to determine if prescribing patterns for patients with anxiety, depression, or both differed between FM vs. GIM prov...
journal_title：Journal of affective disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jad.2014.09.056
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:While there has been research into the relationship between blood lead (BPb) level and mental disorders, there have been few investigations that use clinically diagnosed mental disorders in the adult population with a retrospective cohort study design. Hence, our study investigated the association between BP...
journal_title：Journal of affective disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jad.2015.09.030
更新日期：2016-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Depression has been associated with adverse clinical events in myocardial infarction (MI) patients, but many questions about the nature of post-MI depression remain unanswered. We examined whether depressive cognitions characteristic of depression in psychiatric patients are also present in post-MI patients ...
journal_title：Journal of affective disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jad.2006.04.023
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Background Anxiety/depression and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are highly prevalent and burdensome conditions, whose co-occurrence is estimated between 44 and 84%. Shared gut microbiota alterations have been identified in these separate disorders relative to controls; however, studies have not adequately considered ...
journal_title：Journal of affective disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.124
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Delayed diagnosis in bipolar disorder (BD) due to misdiagnosis as major depressive disorder (MDD) is a significant public health concern. Thus, identification of relevant diagnostic biomarkers is a critical unmet need, particularly early in the course of illness. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is though...
journal_title：Journal of affective disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jad.2014.05.051
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Little is known about the extent to which manic symptoms might influence the self-report ratings of adolescents as compared to parent and teacher ratings, although there are clinical reasons to believe that mania would increase disagreement. METHODS:Parents and youths between the ages of 11 and 17 years wer...
journal_title：Journal of affective disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jad.2004.05.016
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Current formal psychiatric approaches to nosology are plagued by an unwieldy degree of heterogeneity with insufficient appreciation of the commonalities of emotional, personality, behavioral, and addictive disorders. We address this challenge by building a spectrum model that integrates the advantages of Cloninger's a...
journal_title：Journal of affective disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jad.2006.02.025
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Temperamental behavioral inhibition (BI) in children predicts later anxiety disorders. However, many children with BI do not develop anxiety disorders, suggesting the importance of identifying moderating factors. The current study examined whether parents' history of BI moderates the associations between pre...
journal_title：Journal of affective disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jad.2016.12.008
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The relationship between PTSD and complex PTSD remains unclear. As well as further addressing this issue, the current study aimed to assess the degree to which DESNOS (complex PTSD) was related to interpersonal trauma and had relational consequences. METHODS:Eighty one treatment-receiving participants with ...
journal_title：Journal of affective disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jad.2008.04.003
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Neurophysiologic correlates of depression severity potentially have great utility in diagnosis and treatment planning. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) measures of cortical inhibition and excitability have shown promise as biomarkers in psychiatry, but no prior work has examined correlates of illness ...
journal_title：Journal of affective disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jad.2015.10.020
更新日期：2016-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In most settings, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is highly comorbid with major depressive disorder (MDD). This raises uncertainty about the clinical relevance of GAD as a distinct diagnostic entity. The demonstration of functional impairment attached to GAD, independent of that attributable to MDD, would...
journal_title：Journal of affective disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0165-0327(02)00457-3
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
