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Is anxiety/depression increasing among 5-25 year-olds? A cross-sectional prevalence study in Ontario, Canada, 1997-2017.

Abstract：

BACKGROUND:Self-reported data and media suggest youth mental health is declining. To more objectively measure this, we conducted a population-wide investigation of changes in diagnosed point prevalences of anxiety/depression among children and young adults between 1997 and 2017 in Ontario, Canada. METHODS:All Ontarians (population approximately 14 million) age 5-25 in each index year were included and grouped as follows: 5-10, 11-15, 16-20, 21-25. As the Canadian medical system is public and universal, all diagnoses can be tracked via billing submissions. The outcome of interest was non-psychotic anxiety/depression diagnosed by any physician in any setting. Using regression analyses, cross-sectional administrative (billing) data for 1997, 2002, 2007, 2012 and 2017 for diagnoses of anxiety/depression were linked to indicators of sex, household income, rurality, and immigrant/refugee status. OUTCOMES:Point prevalence of anxiety/depression diagnoses increased with age (girls 2·1 to 16·9%, boys 2·9 to 10·6%), particularly from age 11 to 20. Rates, overall, remained stable until 2012 then rose among 11-15 and 16-20 year-olds. This pattern varied by sex. An earlier inverse association with rural residency disappeared by 2017, while immigrant status aligned increasingly with absence of diagnosed anxiety/depression. Lowest household income quintile was associated with higher prevalence of diagnoses. LIMITATIONS:Cross-sectional data preclude hypothesising about causes of observed shifts. CONCLUSION:We found no overall upsurge in youth anxiety/depression, although small increments between 2012 and 2017, and variability with sociodemographic characteristics suggest a possible looming trend and the merit of studying concomitant and potential explanatory shifts in social circumstances.

journal_name

J Affect Disord

journal_title

Journal of affective disorders

authors

Phillips SP,Yu J

doi

10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.178

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-12-30 00:00:00

pages

141-146

eissn

0165-0327

issn

1573-2517

pii

S0165-0327(20)33268-7

journal_volume

282

pub_type

杂志文章

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