Consciousness: mapping the theoretical landscape.

abstract：:General anesthesia provides an invaluable experimental tool to probe the essential neural circuits that underlie consciousness. A new study reports that cholinergic stimulation of the prefrontal cortex restores wake-like behaviors in anesthetized rodents, suggesting that cholinergic inputs to the prefrontal cortex pla...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Solt K

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neural coding by brain oscillations is a major focus in neuroscience, with important implications for dyslexia research. Here, I argue that an oscillatory 'temporal sampling' framework enables diverse data from developmental dyslexia to be drawn into an integrated theoretical framework. The core deficit in dyslexia is...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Goswami U

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exercise can improve human cognition. A mechanistic connection between exercise and cognition has been revealed in several recent studies. Exercise increases cortical excitability and this in turn leads to enhanced memory consolidation. Together these studies dovetail with our growing understanding of memory consolida...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Robertson EM,Takacs A

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Learning is usually thought to occur during episodes of studying, whereas retrieval of information on testing simply serves to assess what was learned. We review research that contradicts this traditional view by demonstrating that retrieval practice is actually a powerful mnemonic enhancer, often producing large gain...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Roediger HL 3rd,Butler AC

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The evolution of speech remains an elusive scientific problem. A widespread notion is that vocal learning, underlined by vocal-fold control, is a key prerequisite for speech evolution. Although present in birds and non-primate mammals, vocal learning is ostensibly absent in non-human primates. Here we argue that the m...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Lameira AR,Maddieson I,Zuberbühler K

更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Experiencing oneself as the cause of an action is a fundamental building block for a sense of self. A recent study by Sato and Yasuda provides evidence that motor prediction contributes to the experience of agency. Their findings demonstrate that agency is experienced not only for intended, but also for erroneous, uni...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Knoblich G,Sebanz N

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent discoveries about the neural system and cellular mechanisms in pathways mediating classical fear conditioning have provided a foundation for pursuing concurrent connectionist models of this form of emotional learning. The models described are constrained by the known anatomy underlying the behavior being simula...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Armony JL,Servan-Schreiber D,Cohen JD,Ledoux JE

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in the widespread implementation of social distancing measures. Adhering to social distancing may be particularly challenging for adolescents, for whom interaction with peers is especially important. We argue that young people's capacity to encourage each o...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Andrews JL,Foulkes L,Blakemore SJ

更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Self-control refers to the mental processes that allow people to override thoughts and emotions, thus enabling behavior to vary adaptively from moment to moment. Dominating contemporary research on this topic is the viewpoint that self-control relies upon a limited resource, such that engaging in acts of restraint dep...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Inzlicht M,Schmeichel BJ,Macrae CN

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:I propose that pre-attentive computational mechanisms in primary visual cortex create a saliency map. This map awards higher responses to more salient image locations; these responses are those of conventional V1 cells tuned to input features, such as orientation and color. Hence no separate feature maps, or any subse...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Li Z

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The systems-level neuronal mechanisms that coordinate temporally, anatomically and functionally distributed neuronal activity into coherent cognitive operations in the human brain have remained poorly understood. Synchronization of neuronal oscillations may regulate network communication and could thus serve as such a...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Palva S,Palva JM

更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The hypothesis that Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) reflects a primary inhibitory executive function deficit has spurred a substantial literature. However, empirical findings and methodological issues challenge the etiologic primacy of inhibitory and executive deficits in ADHD. Based on accumulating ev...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Castellanos FX,Sonuga-Barke EJ,Milham MP,Tannock R

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A new study by Kano and colleagues shows that great apes use their own visual experience to attribute perceptions and beliefs to another agent. Their results suggest that the way apes understand behavior is more similar to human understanding than was previously thought, and may be driven by representations of mental ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Martin A

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The perirhinal cortex is known to play a role in recognition memory and visual perception of objects. A recent single-unit recording study adds to our understanding of perirhinal cortex function, suggesting that it may also play a role in evaluating the significance of objects in a context-dependent manner. ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Inhoff MC,Ranganath C

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Episodic memory is a polygenic behavioral trait with substantial heritability estimates. Despite its complexity, recent empirical evidence supports the notion that behavioral genetic studies of episodic memory might successfully identify trait-associated molecules and pathways. The development of high-throughput genot...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Papassotiropoulos A,de Quervain DJ

更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many studies have demonstrated that prism adaptation can reduce several symptoms of visual neglect: a disorder in which patients fail to respond to information in contralesional space. The dominant framework to explain these effects proposes that prisms influence higher order visuospatial processes by acting on brain ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Striemer CL,Danckert JA

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of decoding skills has traditionally been viewed as a stage-like process during which children's reading strategies change as a consequence of the acquisition of phonological awareness. More explicit accounts of the mechanisms involved in learning to read are provided by recent connectionist models in ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Snowling M,Hulme C,Nation K

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Brain evolution has often been correlated with the cognitive demands of social life. Further progress depends on our ability to link cognitive processes to corresponding brain part sizes and structures, and, ultimately, to demonstrate causality. Recent research suggests that fishes are suitable to test general hypothe...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Bshary R,Gingins S,Vail AL

更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Moving purposefully through the world requires the seamless coordination of a wide variety of sensory, motor, and motivation systems. Recent experiments suggest that mouse visual cortex may offer a particularly well suited forum for experimental investigation of this coordination. ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Ghose GM

更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Not all memories are equally welcome in awareness. People limit the time they spend thinking about unpleasant experiences, a process that begins during encoding, but that continues when cues later remind someone of the memory. Here, we review the emerging behavioural and neuroimaging evidence that suppressing awarenes...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Anderson MC,Hanslmayr S

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this Opinion article we describe a theory that the brain mechanisms underlying working memory for novel information include a buffer in parahippocampal cortices. Computational modeling indicates that mechanisms for maintaining novel information in working memory could differ from mechanisms for maintaining familiar...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Hasselmo ME,Stern CE

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The perception of social information is crucial for the survival of most animal species. Two recent studies demonstrate the joint contribution of innate mechanisms and perceptual experience to two aspects of social perception--faces and biological motion. Together, they highlight how important it is to consider faces ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Thompson JC,Hardee JE

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Physical pain can be clearly distinguished from other states of distress. In recent years, however, the notion that social distress is experienced as physically painful has permeated the scientific literature and popular media. This conclusion is based on the overlap of brain regions that respond to nociceptive input ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Iannetti GD,Salomons TV,Moayedi M,Mouraux A,Davis KD

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:How do psychological traits shape social networks? How does this relationship influence the spread of behavior? In a recent paper, Muthukrishna and Schaller (Pers. Soc. Psychol. Rev., 2019) use a modeling approach to explore these questions. In doing so, they illustrate the value of using a multilevel approach to stud...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Smaldino PE

更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Apart from their reading difficulties, dyslexic subjects often suffer from a variety of subtle sensory and motor deficits. Whether these deficits have a causal relationship to the reading disorder, form additional risk factors, or are totally independent of the reading problem, is under vivid debate. In this article, ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Hari R,Renvall H

更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For a stable visual world, the colours of objects should appear the same under different lights. This property of colour constancy has been assumed to be fundamental to vision, and many experimental attempts have been made to quantify it. I contend here, however, that the usual methods of measurement are either too co...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Foster DH

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Joint attention to an external object at the end of the first year is typically believed to herald the infant's discovery of other people's attention. I will argue that mutual attention in the first months of life already involves an awareness of the directedness of attention. The self is experienced as the first obje...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Reddy V

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Early in development, humans exhibit the ability to form categories and overlook differences for the sake of generality. This ability poses several important questions: How does categorization arise? What processes underlie category formation? And how are categories mentally represented? We argue that the development ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Sloutsky VM

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Virtually all domains of cognitive function require the integration of distributed neural activity. Network analysis of human brain connectivity has consistently identified sets of regions that are critically important for enabling efficient neuronal signaling and communication. The central embedding of these candidat...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： van den Heuvel MP,Sporns O

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recognizing images requires sorting them into the correct perceptual categories. Without categories, apples could not be discriminated from oranges. A fundamental question is whether categories are innate or learned, and if learned, how well such discriminations generalize. A recent finding by Notman et al. demonstrat...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Fahle M

更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00