Neural mechanisms of motivated forgetting.

abstract：:We discuss behavioral studies directed at understanding how probability information is represented in motor and economic tasks. By formulating the behavioral tasks in the language of statistical decision theory, we can compare performance in equivalent tasks in different domains. Subjects in traditional economic decis...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Trommershäuser J,Maloney LT,Landy MS

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Blindsight, the remarkable capability to react to unseen visual stimuli, has thus far only been demonstrated in patients and monkeys with a lesion to primary visual cortex. A recent study by Boyer, Harrison and Ro demonstrates blindsight in normal human observers, using TMS to block visual processing. Combined with ot...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Lamme VA

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The systems-level neuronal mechanisms that coordinate temporally, anatomically and functionally distributed neuronal activity into coherent cognitive operations in the human brain have remained poorly understood. Synchronization of neuronal oscillations may regulate network communication and could thus serve as such a...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Palva S,Palva JM

更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The concept of the brain as a prediction machine has enjoyed a resurgence in the context of the Bayesian brain and predictive coding approaches within cognitive science. To date, this perspective has been applied primarily to exteroceptive perception (e.g., vision, audition), and action. Here, I describe a predictive,...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Seth AK

更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:How do we decide what we perceive? Obviously, we base our decisions on sensory evidence. However, a new and surprising study by Hagura et al. shows that our perceptual decisions are also biased by the action costs that are associated with our decisions. ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： de Lange FP,Fritsche M

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been hypothesized that the human visual system can use temporal synchrony for the perceptual grouping of image regions into unified objects, as proposed in some neural models. It is argued here, however, that previous psychophysical evidence for this hypothesis is due to stimulus artifacts, and that earlier stu...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Farid H

更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Memory distortions range from the benign (thinking you mailed a check that you only thought about mailing), to the serious (confusing what you heard after a crime with what you actually saw), to the fantastic (claiming you piloted a spaceship). We review theoretical ideas and empirical evidence about the source monito...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Johnson MK,Raye CL

更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We introduce comparative connectomics, the quantitative study of cross-species commonalities and variations in brain network topology that aims to discover general principles of network architecture of nervous systems and the identification of species-specific features of brain connectivity. By comparing connectomes d...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： van den Heuvel MP,Bullmore ET,Sporns O

更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Measures of brain activity with high temporal resolution have shown that the information represented in a single brain region undergoes dynamic changes on the scale of milliseconds. This dynamic process presents a unique inferential challenge to low temporal resolution neural measures, such as BOLD fMRI. Potential sol...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Ghuman AS,Martin A

更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) noninvasively measures human brain activity at millimeter resolution. Scientists use different approaches to take advantage of the remarkable opportunities presented by fMRI. Here, we describe progress using the computational neuroimaging approach in human visual cortex, wh...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Wandell BA,Winawer J

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many studies have demonstrated that prism adaptation can reduce several symptoms of visual neglect: a disorder in which patients fail to respond to information in contralesional space. The dominant framework to explain these effects proposes that prisms influence higher order visuospatial processes by acting on brain ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Striemer CL,Danckert JA

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The domain-general learning mechanisms elicited in incidental learning situations are of potential interest in many research fields, including language acquisition, object knowledge formation and motor learning. They have been the focus of studies on implicit learning for nearly 40 years. Stemming from a different res...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Perruchet P,Pacton S

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this article we provide a unifying neural hypothesis on how individuals understand the actions and emotions of others. Our main claim is that the fundamental mechanism at the basis of the experiential understanding of others' actions is the activation of the mirror neuron system. A similar mechanism, but involving ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Gallese V,Keysers C,Rizzolatti G

更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since its inception, the contextual cueing (CC) paradigm has generated considerable interest in various fields of cognitive sciences because it constitutes an elegant approach to understanding how statistical learning (SL) mechanisms can detect contextual regularities during a visual search. In this article we review ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Goujon A,Didierjean A,Thorpe S

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:What representations underlie the ability to think and reason about number? Whereas certain numerical concepts, such as the real numbers, are only ever represented by a subset of human adults, other numerical abilities are widespread and can be observed in adults, infants and other animal species. We review recent beh...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Feigenson L,Dehaene S,Spelke E

更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:What roles do syntax and semantics have in the grammar of a language? What are the consequences of these roles for syntactic structure, and why does it matter? We sketch the Simpler Syntax Hypothesis, which holds that much of the explanatory role attributed to syntax in contemporary linguistics is properly the respons...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Culicover PW,Jackendoff R

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The science of large-scale brain networks offers a powerful paradigm for investigating cognitive and affective dysfunction in psychiatric and neurological disorders. This review examines recent conceptual and methodological developments which are contributing to a paradigm shift in the study of psychopathology. I summ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Menon V

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent discoveries about the neural system and cellular mechanisms in pathways mediating classical fear conditioning have provided a foundation for pursuing concurrent connectionist models of this form of emotional learning. The models described are constrained by the known anatomy underlying the behavior being simula...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Armony JL,Servan-Schreiber D,Cohen JD,Ledoux JE

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exercise can improve human cognition. A mechanistic connection between exercise and cognition has been revealed in several recent studies. Exercise increases cortical excitability and this in turn leads to enhanced memory consolidation. Together these studies dovetail with our growing understanding of memory consolida...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Robertson EM,Takacs A

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two recent articles in this journal made the case for the existence and importance of g and reviewed research on cognitive and psychophysical correlates of psychometric g. This review considers g from a genetic perspective. Multivariate genetic research indicates that g accounts for nearly all of the genetic variance ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Plomin R,Spinath FM

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A new cognitive approach to religion is bringing fresh insights to our understanding of how religious concepts are maintained, acquired and used to motivate and direct actions. This approach suggests that seemingly extraordinary thoughts and behaviours can be supported by quite ordinary cognition and may thus be terme...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Barrett JL

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many everyday thoughts and actions are shaped not only by our direct relationships with others, but also by our knowledge of relations between third-parties. Lau et al. recently demonstrated how knowledge of one type of social relation - interpersonal similarity - shapes cognition and behavior, and shed light on the n...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Parkinson C,Du M

更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A recent study by Zhang and Gläscher (2020) in humans examines learning from one's own versus others' actions under reward uncertainty. Comparing findings from this and non-human studies on learning under perceptual uncertainty suggests a unified role for confidence in learning under different types of uncertainty acr...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Soltani A

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of decoding skills has traditionally been viewed as a stage-like process during which children's reading strategies change as a consequence of the acquisition of phonological awareness. More explicit accounts of the mechanisms involved in learning to read are provided by recent connectionist models in ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Snowling M,Hulme C,Nation K

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The visual world exists all around us, yet this information must be gleaned through a succession of eye fixations in which high visual acuity is limited to the small foveal region of each retina. In spite of these physiological constraints, we experience a richly detailed and continuous visual world. Research on trans...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Intraub H

更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The natural ecology of human language is face-to-face interaction comprising the exchange of a plethora of multimodal signals. Trying to understand the psycholinguistic processing of language in its natural niche raises new issues, first and foremost the binding of multiple, temporally offset signals under tight time ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Holler J,Levinson SC

更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A fundamental question of human episodic memory concerns the cognitive and neural representations and processes that give rise to the neural signals of memory. By integrating behavioral tests, formal computational models, and neural measures of brain activity patterns, recent studies suggest that memory signals not on...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Xue G

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews recently proposed theories postulating that, during simple choices, the brain performs statistically optimal decision making. These theories are ecologically motivated by evolutionary pressures to optimize the speed and accuracy of decisions and to maximize the rate of receiving rewards for correc...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Bogacz R

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A re-evaluation of the goals and techniques of generative grammar since the mid-1960s suggests that its mentalistic/biological program for describing language is still sound and has been borne out by subsequent developments. Likewise, the idea of a generative system of combinatorial rules has led to a tremendous expan...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Jackendoff R

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent research using both naturalistic and experimental methods has found that the vast majority of young children's early language is organized around concrete, item-based linguistic schemas. From this beginning, children then construct more abstract and adult-like linguistic constructions, but only gradually and in...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Tomasello M

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00