The representation of visual scenes.

abstract：:Heavy prenatal alcohol exposure can have lifelong, disabling effects on brain and cognition. Unlike animal studies, research on light-to-moderate drinking in humans demonstrates less consistent impact. Discussions of negative research findings in popular media underestimate potential adverse outcomes and complicate de...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Charness ME,Riley EP,Sowell ER

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Basic cognitive functions, such as the abilities to activate, represent, maintain, focus and process information, decline with age. A paradigm shift towards cross-level conceptions is needed in order to obtain an integrative understanding of cognitive aging phenomena that cuts across neural, information-processing, an...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Li SC,Lindenberger U,Sikström S

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A re-evaluation of the goals and techniques of generative grammar since the mid-1960s suggests that its mentalistic/biological program for describing language is still sound and has been borne out by subsequent developments. Likewise, the idea of a generative system of combinatorial rules has led to a tremendous expan...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Jackendoff R

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Is consciousness a continuous stream of percepts or is it discrete, occurring only at certain moments in time? This question has puzzled philosophers, psychologists, and neuroscientists for centuries. Both hypotheses have fallen repeatedly in and out of favor. Here, we review recent studies exploring long-lasting post...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Herzog MH,Drissi-Daoudi L,Doerig A

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The perirhinal cortex is known to play a role in recognition memory and visual perception of objects. A recent single-unit recording study adds to our understanding of perirhinal cortex function, suggesting that it may also play a role in evaluating the significance of objects in a context-dependent manner. ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Inhoff MC,Ranganath C

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:How much can we perceive and remember at a time? Results from various paradigms traditionally show that observers are aware of surprisingly little of the world around them. However, a recent study by Wu and Wolfe (Curr. Biol. 2018;28:3430-3434) uses a novel technique to reveal that observers have more knowledge of the...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Cohen MA

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Increasingly, online platforms are being used to deliver psychotherapy. This, along with the growth in computational psychiatry, provides scientists with new opportunities to quantify how patient-therapist relationships relate to treatment outcomes. We argue that it is necessary to investigate markers and mechanisms t...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Ryu J,Banthin DC,Gu X

更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding the perception of all but the most impoverished and artificial scenes presents a different and probably far greater challenge from understanding face recognition, reading, or identification (or even categorization) of single objects. Central issues in the interpretation of structured objects and scenes a...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Edelman S

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A new class of visuomotor neuron has been recently discovered in the monkey's premotor cortex: mirror neurons. These neurons respond both when a particular action is performed by the recorded monkey and when the same action, performed by another individual, is observed. Mirror neurons appear to form a cortical system ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Gallese V,Goldman A

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Naturalistic observations show that decisions to avoid or escape predators occur at different spatiotemporal scales and that they are supported by different computations and neural circuits. At their extremes, proximal threats are addressed by a limited repertoire of reflexive and myopic actions, reflecting reduced de...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Mobbs D,Headley DB,Ding W,Dayan P

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Investigation of the hippocampus has historically focused on computations within the trisynaptic circuit. However, discovery of important anatomical and functional variability along its long axis has inspired recent proposals of long-axis functional specialization in both the animal and human literatures. Here, we rev...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Poppenk J,Evensmoen HR,Moscovitch M,Nadel L

更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Music might be described as just a special form of noise, but evidence is accumulating to show that listening to it can lead to pronounced physiological and emotional responses. In a recent article, Trainor et al. have shown that specific aspects of musical structure are processed automatically in the human brain, rai...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Lewis P

更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Measures of brain activity with high temporal resolution have shown that the information represented in a single brain region undergoes dynamic changes on the scale of milliseconds. This dynamic process presents a unique inferential challenge to low temporal resolution neural measures, such as BOLD fMRI. Potential sol...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Ghuman AS,Martin A

更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Following groundbreaking work by linguists and cognitive scientists over the past thirty years, it is now generally accepted that sign languages of the deaf, such as ASL (American Sign Language) or BSL (British Sign Language), are structured and processed in a similar manner to spoken languages. The one striking diffe...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Campbell R,Woll B

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent empirical research has shed new light on the perennial question of human altruism. A number of recent studies suggest that from very early in ontogeny young children have a biological predisposition to help others achieve their goals, to share resources with others and to inform others of things helpfully. Huma...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Warneken F,Tomasello M

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Behavioral analyses are a natural choice for understanding the wide-ranging behavioral consequences of racial stereotyping and prejudice. However, studies using neuroimaging and electrophysiological research have recently considered the neural mechanisms that underlie racial categorization and the activation and appli...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Ito TA,Bartholow BD

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Political disputes ruin family reunions, scuttle policy initiatives, and spur violence and even terrorism. We summarize recent research indicating that the source of political differences can be found in biologically instantiated and often subthreshold predispositions as reflected in physiological, cognitive, and neur...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Hibbing JR,Smith KB,Peterson JC,Feher B

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Episodic memory is a polygenic behavioral trait with substantial heritability estimates. Despite its complexity, recent empirical evidence supports the notion that behavioral genetic studies of episodic memory might successfully identify trait-associated molecules and pathways. The development of high-throughput genot...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Papassotiropoulos A,de Quervain DJ

更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:What roles do syntax and semantics have in the grammar of a language? What are the consequences of these roles for syntactic structure, and why does it matter? We sketch the Simpler Syntax Hypothesis, which holds that much of the explanatory role attributed to syntax in contemporary linguistics is properly the respons...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Culicover PW,Jackendoff R

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Male and female fetuses differ in testosterone concentrations beginning as early as week 8 of gestation. This early hormone difference exerts permanent influences on brain development and behavior. Contemporary research shows that hormones are particularly important for the development of sex-typical childhood behavio...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Hines M

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent research using both naturalistic and experimental methods has found that the vast majority of young children's early language is organized around concrete, item-based linguistic schemas. From this beginning, children then construct more abstract and adult-like linguistic constructions, but only gradually and in...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Tomasello M

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A persistent metaphor in decision-making research casts people as intuitive statisticians. Popular explanations based on this metaphor assume that the way in which people represent the environment is specified and fixed a priori. A major flaw in this account is that it is not clear how people know what aspects of an e...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Szollosi A,Newell BR

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exercise can improve human cognition. A mechanistic connection between exercise and cognition has been revealed in several recent studies. Exercise increases cortical excitability and this in turn leads to enhanced memory consolidation. Together these studies dovetail with our growing understanding of memory consolida...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Robertson EM,Takacs A

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We explore the environment not only by navigating, but also by viewing our surroundings with our eyes. Here we review growing evidence that the mammalian hippocampal formation, extensively studied in the context of navigation and memory, mediates a representation of visual space that is stably anchored to the external...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Nau M,Julian JB,Doeller CF

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Traditionally, models of speech comprehension and production do not depend on concepts and processes from the phonological short-term memory (pSTM) literature. Likewise, in working memory research, pSTM is considered to be a language-independent system that facilitates language acquisition rather than speech processin...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Jacquemot C,Scott SK

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In studying categorization, cognitive science has focused primarily on cultural categorization, ignoring individual and institutional categorization. Because recent technological developments have made individual and institutional classification systems much more available and powerful, our understanding of the cognit...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Glushko RJ,Maglio PP,Matlock T,Barsalou LW

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Artificial life provides important theoretical and methodological tools for the investigation of Piaget's developmental theory. This new method uses artificial neural networks to simulate living phenomena in a computer. A recent study by Parisi and Schlesinger suggests that artificial life might reinvigorate the Piage...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Mueller U,Grobman KH

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A new study shows a leftward asymmetry of the choroid plexus in two-thirds of first-trimester human fetuses. This is the earliest brain asymmetry so far identified and may be a precursor to other asymmetries, including that of the temporal planum, which is evident from the 31st week of gestation. ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Corballis MC

更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of stress on learning and memory are not always clear: both facilitating and impairing influences are described in the literature. Here we propose a unifying theory, which states that stress will only facilitate learning and memory processes: (i) when stress is experienced in the context and around the tim...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Joëls M,Pu Z,Wiegert O,Oitzl MS,Krugers HJ

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fifteen years ago, Passingham and colleagues proposed that brain areas can be described in terms of their unique pattern of input and output connections with the rest of the brain, and that these connections are a crucial determinant of their function. We explore how the advent of neuroimaging of connectivity has allo...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Mars RB,Passingham RE,Jbabdi S

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00