Aging cognition: from neuromodulation to representation.

abstract：:What makes us conscious? Many theories that attempt to answer this question have appeared recently in the context of widespread interest about consciousness in the cognitive neurosciences. Most of these proposals are formulated in terms of the information processing conducted by the brain. In this overview, we survey ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Atkinson AP,Thomas MS,Cleeremans A

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Virtually all domains of cognitive function require the integration of distributed neural activity. Network analysis of human brain connectivity has consistently identified sets of regions that are critically important for enabling efficient neuronal signaling and communication. The central embedding of these candidat...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： van den Heuvel MP,Sporns O

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent claims of culture in great apes have provoked fervent argument about the 'true' definition of culture, most of which has been unhelpful. Instead, a range of definitions should be used to explore different aspects of the cognitive processes that together result in human culture, many of which can be productively...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Byrne RW,Barnard PJ,Davidson I,Janik VM,McGrew WC,Miklósi A,Wiessner P

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When we move our eyes, we easily keep track of where relevant things are in the world. Recent proposals link this stability to the shifting of receptive fields of neurons in eye movement and attention control areas. Reports of 'spatiotopic' visual aftereffects have also been claimed to support this shifting connectivi...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Cavanagh P,Hunt AR,Afraz A,Rolfs M

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The concept of the brain as a prediction machine has enjoyed a resurgence in the context of the Bayesian brain and predictive coding approaches within cognitive science. To date, this perspective has been applied primarily to exteroceptive perception (e.g., vision, audition), and action. Here, I describe a predictive,...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Seth AK

更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Perception and perceptual decision-making are strongly facilitated by prior knowledge about the probabilistic structure of the world. While the computational benefits of using prior expectation in perception are clear, there are myriad ways in which this computation can be realized. We review here recent advances in o...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： de Lange FP,Heilbron M,Kok P

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Saccadic eye movements cause frequent and substantial displacements of the retinal image, but those displacements go unnoticed. It has been widely assumed that this perceived stability emerges from the shifting of visual receptive fields from their current, presaccadic locations to their future, postsaccadic locations...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Zirnsak M,Moore T

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transformation of experience into memories that can guide future behavior is a common ability across species. However, only humans can declare their perceptions and memories of experienced events (episodes). The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is central to episodic memory, yet the neuronal code underlying the translation ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Suthana N,Fried I

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:According to dual-process models, recognition memory is supported by distinct retrieval processes known as familiarity and recollection. Important evidence supporting the dual-process framework has come from studies using event-related brain potentials (ERPs). These studies have identified two topographically distinct...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Rugg MD,Curran T

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The comparative study of infant development and animal cognition brings to cognitive science the promise of insights into the nature and origins of cognitive skills. In this article, I review a recent wave of comparative studies conducted with similar methodologies and similar theoretical frameworks on how two core co...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Gómez JC

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Researchers have examined representations of the body in the adult brain but relatively little attention has been paid to ontogenetic aspects of neural body maps in human infants. Novel applications of methods for recording brain activity in infants are delineating cortical body maps in the first months of life. Body ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Marshall PJ,Meltzoff AN

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Research indicates that developmental dyscalculia (DD; a mathematical deficiency) involves a single brain area abnormality - in the intraparietal sulcus. This is surprising because, (i) the behavioural deficits are heterogeneous, (ii) multiple problems are most common in most cases (co-morbidity) and (iii) different a...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Rubinsten O,Henik A

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Anxiety can be hugely disruptive to everyday life. Anxious individuals show increased attentional capture by potential signs of danger, and interpret expressions, comments and events in a negative manner. These cognitive biases have been widely explored in human anxiety research. By contrast, animal models have focuse...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Bishop SJ

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:From its academic beginnings the theory of human action control has distinguished between endogenously driven, intentional action and exogenously driven, habitual, or automatic action. We challenge this dual-route model and argue that attempts to provide clear-cut and straightforward criteria to distinguish between in...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Hommel B,Wiers RW

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews recently proposed theories postulating that, during simple choices, the brain performs statistically optimal decision making. These theories are ecologically motivated by evolutionary pressures to optimize the speed and accuracy of decisions and to maximize the rate of receiving rewards for correc...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Bogacz R

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cognitive neuroscience investigations of self-experience have mainly focused on the mental attribution of features to the self (self-related processing). In this paper, we highlight another fundamental, yet neglected, aspect of self-experience, that of being an agent. We propose that this aspect of self-experience dep...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Christoff K,Cosmelli D,Legrand D,Thompson E

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurological disorder characterized by vocal and motor tics. TS is associated with impairments in behavioral inhibition, dysfunctional signaling of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, and alterations in the balance of excitatory and inhibitory influences within brain networks implicated i...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Jackson GM,Draper A,Dyke K,Pépés SE,Jackson SR

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Perceptual learning can be defined as practice-induced improvement in the ability to perform specific perceptual tasks. We previously proposed the Reverse Hierarchy Theory as a unifying concept that links behavioral findings of visual learning with physiological and anatomical data. Essentially, it asserts that learni...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Ahissar M,Hochstein S

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Everyday visual experience involves making implicit predictions, as revealed by our surprise when something disturbs our expectations. Many theories of vision have been premised on the central role played by prediction. Yet, implicit prediction in human vision has been difficult to assess in the laboratory, and many r...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Enns JT,Lleras A

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:How does the brain represent number and perform mathematical calculations? According to a recent and provocative study by Tang and colleagues, it depends on which language you learn. They found that the divergent linguistic and cultural experiences of native Chinese and native English speakers are associated with dist...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Cantlon JF,Brannon EM

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fifteen years ago, Passingham and colleagues proposed that brain areas can be described in terms of their unique pattern of input and output connections with the rest of the brain, and that these connections are a crucial determinant of their function. We explore how the advent of neuroimaging of connectivity has allo...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Mars RB,Passingham RE,Jbabdi S

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A new cognitive approach to religion is bringing fresh insights to our understanding of how religious concepts are maintained, acquired and used to motivate and direct actions. This approach suggests that seemingly extraordinary thoughts and behaviours can be supported by quite ordinary cognition and may thus be terme...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Barrett JL

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite normative declines in old age, healthy elderly typically report surprisingly high levels of well-being. It is not clear why this is so. A study by Brassen and colleagues suggests that one factor may be reduced responsiveness to regret. These findings highlight the role of emotion regulation in successful aging...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Suri G,Gross JJ

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) noninvasively measures human brain activity at millimeter resolution. Scientists use different approaches to take advantage of the remarkable opportunities presented by fMRI. Here, we describe progress using the computational neuroimaging approach in human visual cortex, wh...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Wandell BA,Winawer J

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cognitive science might almost be defined as several disciplines communicating their different perspectives on the mind, the common object of study. However, domain-specific concepts and techniques can prevent, rather than foster, a communication of viewpoints. In this article, we develop a new framework for visual ca...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Gosselin F,Schyns PG

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent research provides new insights into amygdala contributions to positive emotion and reward. Studies of neuronal activity in the monkey amygdala and of autonomic responses mediated by the monkey amygdala show that, contrary to a widely held view, the amygdala is just as important for processing positive reward an...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Murray EA

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The systems-level neuronal mechanisms that coordinate temporally, anatomically and functionally distributed neuronal activity into coherent cognitive operations in the human brain have remained poorly understood. Synchronization of neuronal oscillations may regulate network communication and could thus serve as such a...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Palva S,Palva JM

更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We present an integrated view of interval timing and reinforcement learning (RL) in the brain. The computational goal of RL is to maximize future rewards, and this depends crucially on a representation of time. Different RL systems in the brain process time in distinct ways. A model-based system learns 'what happens w...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Petter EA,Gershman SJ,Meck WH

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Depression is characterized by distinct profiles of disturbance in ways autobiographical memories are represented, recalled, and maintained. We review four core domains of difficulty: systematic biases in favor of negative material; impoverished access and responses to positive memories; reduced access to the specific...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Dalgleish T,Werner-Seidler A

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Why do people sometimes seem to know things when they are tested in one way, while seeming unaware of this information when tested in a different way? Such task-dependent behaviors, or dissociations, often occur in infants and children, and in adults following brain damage. To explain these dissociations, researchers ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Munakata Y

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00