How Does the Brain Infer Hidden Social Structures?

abstract：:When people talk they gesture, and those gestures often reflect thoughts not expressed in their words. In this sense, gesture and the speech it accompanies can mismatch. Gesture-speech 'mismatches' are found when learners are on the verge of making progress on a task - when they are ready to learn. Moreover, mismatche...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Goldin-Meadow S,Wagner SM

更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:I propose that pre-attentive computational mechanisms in primary visual cortex create a saliency map. This map awards higher responses to more salient image locations; these responses are those of conventional V1 cells tuned to input features, such as orientation and color. Hence no separate feature maps, or any subse...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Li Z

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this Opinion article we describe a theory that the brain mechanisms underlying working memory for novel information include a buffer in parahippocampal cortices. Computational modeling indicates that mechanisms for maintaining novel information in working memory could differ from mechanisms for maintaining familiar...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Hasselmo ME,Stern CE

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent discoveries about the neural system and cellular mechanisms in pathways mediating classical fear conditioning have provided a foundation for pursuing concurrent connectionist models of this form of emotional learning. The models described are constrained by the known anatomy underlying the behavior being simula...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Armony JL,Servan-Schreiber D,Cohen JD,Ledoux JE

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Humans crave the company of others and suffer profoundly if temporarily isolated from society. Much of the brain must have evolved to deal with social communication and we are increasingly learning more about the neurophysiological basis of social cognition. Here, we explore some of the reasons why social cognitive ne...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Blakemore SJ,Winston J,Frith U

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sociality and cooperation are benefits to human cultures but may carry unexpected costs. We suggest that both the human experience of pain and the expression of distress may result from many causes not experienced as painful in our close primate relatives, because human ancestors motivated to ask for help survived in ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Finlay BL,Syal S

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When we move our eyes, we easily keep track of where relevant things are in the world. Recent proposals link this stability to the shifting of receptive fields of neurons in eye movement and attention control areas. Reports of 'spatiotopic' visual aftereffects have also been claimed to support this shifting connectivi...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Cavanagh P,Hunt AR,Afraz A,Rolfs M

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:From its academic beginnings the theory of human action control has distinguished between endogenously driven, intentional action and exogenously driven, habitual, or automatic action. We challenge this dual-route model and argue that attempts to provide clear-cut and straightforward criteria to distinguish between in...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Hommel B,Wiers RW

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The hypothesis that Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) reflects a primary inhibitory executive function deficit has spurred a substantial literature. However, empirical findings and methodological issues challenge the etiologic primacy of inhibitory and executive deficits in ADHD. Based on accumulating ev...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Castellanos FX,Sonuga-Barke EJ,Milham MP,Tannock R

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Male and female fetuses differ in testosterone concentrations beginning as early as week 8 of gestation. This early hormone difference exerts permanent influences on brain development and behavior. Contemporary research shows that hormones are particularly important for the development of sex-typical childhood behavio...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Hines M

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In cognitive neuroscience, brain-behaviour relationships are usually mapped onto a 2D cortical sheet. Cortical layers are a critical but often ignored third dimension of human cortical function. Improved resolution has put us on the threshold of beginning to image human cognition in three dimensions. ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Kuehn E,Sereno MI

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:No facet of human development is more crucial than becoming symbol-minded. To participate fully in any society, children have to master the symbol systems that are important in that society. Children today must learn to use more varieties of symbolic media than ever before, so it is even more important to understand t...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Deloache JS

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:'Toward a Science of Consciousness' was held in Skövde, Sweden, from 6-11 August 2001. The meeting was hosted by the University of Skövde, and the theme of this year's conference was 'Consciousness and its Place in Nature'. ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Morrison I,Ziemke T

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Episodic memory is a polygenic behavioral trait with substantial heritability estimates. Despite its complexity, recent empirical evidence supports the notion that behavioral genetic studies of episodic memory might successfully identify trait-associated molecules and pathways. The development of high-throughput genot...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Papassotiropoulos A,de Quervain DJ

更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cognitive science might almost be defined as several disciplines communicating their different perspectives on the mind, the common object of study. However, domain-specific concepts and techniques can prevent, rather than foster, a communication of viewpoints. In this article, we develop a new framework for visual ca...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Gosselin F,Schyns PG

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The concept of the brain as a prediction machine has enjoyed a resurgence in the context of the Bayesian brain and predictive coding approaches within cognitive science. To date, this perspective has been applied primarily to exteroceptive perception (e.g., vision, audition), and action. Here, I describe a predictive,...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Seth AK

更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The richness and complexity of data sets acquired from PET or fMRI studies of human cognition have not been exploited until recently by computational neural-modeling methods. In this article, two neural-modeling approaches for use with functional brain imaging data are described. One, which uses structural equation mo...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Horwitz B,Tagamets MA,McIntosh AR

更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although most people are religious, there are hundreds of millions of religious disbelievers in the world. What is religious disbelief and how does it arise? Recent developments in the scientific study of religious beliefs and behaviors point to the conclusion that religious disbelief arises from multiple interacting ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Norenzayan A,Gervais WM

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A new brain imaging study demonstrates that patients with autism have a strikingly different pattern of brain activity compared with control subjects. During cognitive tasks, cortical areas known as the "default state" network--areas that have been implicated in both self-referential processing and processing of socia...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Iacoboni M

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this article we provide a unifying neural hypothesis on how individuals understand the actions and emotions of others. Our main claim is that the fundamental mechanism at the basis of the experiential understanding of others' actions is the activation of the mirror neuron system. A similar mechanism, but involving ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Gallese V,Keysers C,Rizzolatti G

更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Research indicates that developmental dyscalculia (DD; a mathematical deficiency) involves a single brain area abnormality - in the intraparietal sulcus. This is surprising because, (i) the behavioural deficits are heterogeneous, (ii) multiple problems are most common in most cases (co-morbidity) and (iii) different a...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Rubinsten O,Henik A

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Computational models of human collective behavior offer promise in providing quantitative and empirically verifiable accounts of how individual decisions lead to the emergence of group-level organizations. Agent-based models (ABMs) describe interactions among individual agents and their environment, and provide a proc...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Goldstone RL,Janssen MA

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transformation of experience into memories that can guide future behavior is a common ability across species. However, only humans can declare their perceptions and memories of experienced events (episodes). The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is central to episodic memory, yet the neuronal code underlying the translation ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Suthana N,Fried I

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Heavy prenatal alcohol exposure can have lifelong, disabling effects on brain and cognition. Unlike animal studies, research on light-to-moderate drinking in humans demonstrates less consistent impact. Discussions of negative research findings in popular media underestimate potential adverse outcomes and complicate de...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Charness ME,Riley EP,Sowell ER

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oscillations are a pervasive feature of neuronal activity in the cerebral cortex. Here, we propose a framework for understanding local cortical oscillation patterns in cognition: two classes of network interactions underlying two classes of cognitive functions produce different local oscillation patterns. Local excita...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Donner TH,Siegel M

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ratio of men to women in a given ecology can have profound influences on a range of interpersonal processes, from marriage and divorce rates to risk-taking and violent crime. Here, we organize such processes into two categories - intersexual choice and intrasexual competition - representing focal effects of imbala...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Maner JK,Ackerman JM

更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ease with which highly developed brains can generate representations of a virtually unlimited diversity of perceptual objects indicates that they have developed very efficient mechanisms to analyse and represent relations among incoming signals. Here, we propose that two complementary strategies are applied to cop...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Singer W,Engel AK,Kreiter AK,Munk MH,Neuenschwander S,Roelfsema PR

更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent data indicate that newly grown synapses in the brain are not guaranteed to innervate their desired target, but can form instead on nearby targets. Such 'errors' introduce representational inaccuracies but improve representational flexibility. Optimizing accuracy and flexibility requires detecting correlated act...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Elliott T

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The natural ecology of human language is face-to-face interaction comprising the exchange of a plethora of multimodal signals. Trying to understand the psycholinguistic processing of language in its natural niche raises new issues, first and foremost the binding of multiple, temporally offset signals under tight time ...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Holler J,Levinson SC

更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Frames of reference are coordinate systems used to compute and specify the location of objects with respect to other objects. These have long been thought of as innate concepts, built into our neurocognition. However, recent work shows that the use of such frames in language, cognition and gesture varies cross-cultura...

journal_title：Trends in cognitive sciences

authors： Majid A,Bowerman M,Kita S,Haun DB,Levinson SC

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00