Abstract:
:Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), the sixth leading cause of death in the United States, has undergone significant changes in the past 30 years. In addition to the fact that it increasingly is a disease affecting the elderly and those patients with underlying comorbidities, the spectrum of microbiological agents causing pneumonia has greatly expanded and includes in addition to Streptococcus pneumoniae many other agents including Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and respiratory viruses. A major problem encountered by the clinician facing a patient with CAP derives from the imprecise clinical presentation, which in most instances does not permit a precise diagnosis of the etiological agent. As pneumonia, if untreated, is frequently a rapidly progressive illness, the clinician usually chooses antimicrobial agents on an empirical basis. Careful attention to historical, physical, and laboratory findings, as well as age and presence of comorbidities has led to a categorization of CAP into four groupings that assist in deciding whether the patient should be hospitalized and what empirical antimicrobial regimen should be started. Careful follow-up and familiarity with the clinical pneumonic syndromes associated with different microbial agents is essential to assure a successful outcome.
journal_name
Allergy Asthma Procjournal_title
Allergy and asthma proceedingsauthors
Lange Mdoi
10.2500/108854100778248980subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-01-01 00:00:00pages
33-8issue
1eissn
1088-5412issn
1539-6304journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Measurement of exhaled nitric oxide levels (eNO) from asthmatic patients is a noninvasive marker of airway inflammation in both adults and children and has been used as an outpatient measure of asthma control. We examined eNO in acute asthma exacerbations and how it is affected by treatment in the emergency departmen...
journal_title:Allergy and asthma proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2500/aap.2012.33.3613
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Currently, inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are the most effective long-term control therapy for persistent asthma. However, patients show a variable response to ICSs and some exhibit glucocorticoid resistance. At recommended doses, there is little evidence to suggest that ICSs can either prevent or reverse the chronic ...
journal_title:Allergy and asthma proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mast cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and in inflammatory responses associated with pathological immune and disease-related processes including fibrosis, autoimmune pathology, and neoplasia. Recent findings in animal models of bacterial infection also suggest that mast cells may have...
journal_title:Allergy and asthma proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2500/108854101778148764
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Underlying lung disease, especially asthma, has recently been found to be associated with a higher risk of hospitalization with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the most commonly used controller medications in patients with asthma. It is unclear whether ICS use increases...
journal_title:Allergy and asthma proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2500/aap.2020.41.200044
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::To evaluate the relationship between the classification of asthma and obstruction of airways, we have studied 100 children suffering from allergic asthma: 65 males and 35 females, aged 4.2-16.3 years (mean, 7.6 +/- 2.8 years), who were evaluated at least 1 month after the last attack of airway obstruction. We analyzed...
journal_title:Allergy and asthma proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rhinitis symptom complex consists of rhinorrhea, congestion, itchy mucosa, itchy eyes, and sneezing. Available medications vary in their benefit for each of these symptoms. It was the purpose of this article to compare symptom reduction with three different classes of medications. Montelukast, azelastine, and budesoni...
journal_title:Allergy and asthma proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2500/aap.2010.31.3308
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An aerosol formulation may be preferred by some allergic rhinitis (AR) patients, to avoid the "wet feeling" and nasal runoff associated with aqueous nasal corticosteroid sprays. Beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) hydrofluoroalkane nasal aerosol is a recently developed, nonaqueous, nonchlorofluorocarbon formulation of ...
journal_title:Allergy and asthma proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2500/aap.2012.33.3593
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxidative stress occurs in many allergic and immunologic disorders as a result of the imbalance between the endogenous production of free reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or the reduction of antioxidant defense mechanisms. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), and nitros...
journal_title:Allergy and asthma proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2500/aap.2015.36.3814
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) therapies such as herbal therapy, acupuncture, yoga, homeopathy, chiropractic medicine, and massage therapy, continue to gain popularity as modalities for the treatment of asthma. In the Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Indian, and Western cultures, herbal therapies appear to be ...
journal_title:Allergy and asthma proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is abnormally expressed in serum and sputum of patients with allergic asthma. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to investigate the role of HMGB1 as guidance for treatment management of children with asthma. METHODS:Thirty children with asthma and 44 healthy children were...
journal_title:Allergy and asthma proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2500/aap.2017.38.4047
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aeroallergens may trigger symptoms in sensitized children with asthma. Documentation of sensitization is crucial to enable effective implementation of measures to prevent asthma exacerbations. To document the sensitization patterns of very young children (≤2 years) with asthma, we retrospectively analyzed the skin-pri...
journal_title:Allergy and asthma proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2500/aap.2013.34.3655
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Asthma, a disease characterized by airway inflammation and reversible bronchoconstriction, manifests a variety of phenotypes, and in some, but not all, asthma leads to a persistent and/or progressive loss of lung function. Conceptually, asthma persistence is identified by a stable decrement in lung function over time,...
journal_title:Allergy and asthma proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2500/aap.2009.30.3202
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The newborn screen for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) uses real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for T-cell receptor excision circles and is highly sensitive for SCID. However, T-cell lymphopenia from other primary and secondary causes, such as DiGeorge syndrome, prematurity, thymic involution from...
journal_title:Allergy and asthma proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2500/aap.2019.40.190015
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The epinephrine auto-injector has been widely used over a long period of time. Certain aspects of this therapy and demographic data, however, have not been well studied. This study investigates patient use and understanding of epinephrine auto-injector use. As part of an ongoing quality assurance program, we evaluated...
journal_title:Allergy and asthma proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2500/aap.2010.31.3351
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Olopatadine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution 0.2% (Pataday, Alcon) is a new formulation of olopatadine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution, the first topical ocular antiallergic agent indicated for once-daily dosing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety, efficacy, onset, and duration of action of olopatadin...
journal_title:Allergy and asthma proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2500/aap.2007.28.3014
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare inherited disorder of complement factor C1 inhibitor. HAE is frequently confused with angioedema (AE), and little is known about emergency department (ED) or hospital utilization by patients with attacks in the United States. We examined hospitalizations and ED utilization for HAE...
journal_title:Allergy and asthma proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2500/aap.2010.31.3403
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The symptoms of allergic rhinitis vary in severity over the course of the day and often are worse in the morning. This review focuses on data from clinical studies of the antihistamine desloratadine to establish whether it effectively controls the morning symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Studies of desloratadine in pati...
journal_title:Allergy and asthma proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2500/aap.2006.27.2936
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The complexity of care of some patients in an allergy-immunology practice may be increased by behavioral abnormalities of the patients. Facilitating adherence through the use of social support may be the most effective treatment strategy for some of the most difficult of these patients. We report three patients whose ...
journal_title:Allergy and asthma proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2500/108854100778248845
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peanut allergy affects approximately 1% of the population. Double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges are gold standard for diagnosis. Serum peanut-specific IgE (PN-IgE) is used in clinical practice as an additional diagnostic and monitoring tool. The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinical feature...
journal_title:Allergy and asthma proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2500/aap.2008.29.3117
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A complex interplay of genetic predisposition and environmental influences results in the clinical picture of allergic asthma. This article addresses recently identified genetic markers and environmental factors that contribute to disease development in asthma. Focus is placed on aspects of the innate immune system, i...
journal_title:Allergy and asthma proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2500/aap.2010.31.3328
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Clusterin is a sensitive cellular biosensor of oxidative stress and has been studied as a marker to assess inflammatory diseases. The clusterin levels in AD have not been evaluated thus far. OBJECTIVE:We evaluated serum clusterin levels in child...
journal_title:Allergy and asthma proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2500/aap.2016.37.3953
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The manufacturing of PrePen (benzylpenicilloyl-polylysine) was suspended from September 2000 through November 2001 because of Food and Drug Administration intervention. PrePen is penicilloyl bound to polylysine and is considered to be the major determinant of penicillin metabolism; it is used as a skin-testing reagent...
journal_title:Allergy and asthma proceedings
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:An association between childhood allergic disease and parental psychological disorders has been reported. However, little is known about the relationship between childhood allergic disease and maternal depression. This study was performed to determine if there is an association between childhood allergic diseas...
journal_title:Allergy and asthma proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2500/aap.2017.38.4059
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Defective nasal barrier function is implicated in allergic rhinitis, which results in persistent inflammation and clinical symptoms, among which congestion plays a prominent role. In searching ways to improve the efficacy of nasally applied drugs in this condition, we tested the hypothesis that hydroxypropyl...
journal_title:Allergy and asthma proceedings
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2500/aap.2015.36.3879
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The practicing allergist has the unique opportunity to see an extraordinary variety of fascinating patients. Identifying the precise cause of the patient's complaints makes for a satisfying intellectual endeavor. This is exemplified by the description of nine cases seen in a university allergy clinic. The cases includ...
journal_title:Allergy and asthma proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2500/aap.2008.29.3140
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study surveyed the prescription patterns of adrenaline auto-injectors (AAs) in Singapore to examine the frequency, triggers, and demographic pattern of anaphylaxis requiring such prescriptions. A 6-year retrospective review of 417 consecutive patients prescribed AAs in Singapore from January 1999 to December 2004...
journal_title:Allergy and asthma proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2500/aap.2008.29.3102
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dose-response of formoterol via pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) has not been determined in asthmatic pediatric patients aged 6 to <12 years. This study was designed to assess the bronchodilating dose-response of three formoterol pMDI doses in children with stable asthma aged 6 to <12 years receiving twice-dail...
journal_title:Allergy and asthma proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.2500/aap.2014.35.3746
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background: Indoor air pollution may have an impact on asthma. Objective: To evaluate the influence of indoor air pollution on the natural history of asthma. Methods: Data collection by using the European Community Respiratory Health Survey and International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood standardized ques...
journal_title:Allergy and asthma proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2500/aap.2018.39.4176
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background: Allergy immunotherapy (AIT), both subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), is an effective and safe treatment for allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma due to inhalant allergens. However, there are many variables in how it is administered. Objective: To review the evidence tha...
journal_title:Allergy and asthma proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2500/aap.2020.41.190013
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is of unknown etiology and is the most common cause of retinopathy after age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal vein occlusion. Vision loss results from fluid leakage and serous detachment in the macula. Five percent of patients develop chronic CSCR....
journal_title:Allergy and asthma proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2500/aap.2015.36.3827
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00