Abstract：
:Our objective was to describe distortion in outcome studies due to "frailty bias" or differential susceptibility to adverse health outcomes due to frailties but attributed to other factors. We linked an administrative database to survey data (n = 5934) containing functional, condition, and outcome measures. The disease classification scheme of an empirically derived mortality model was used to categorize 7500 ICD-9-CM codes into five risk levels. Cox and logistic regressions were used to compare outcomes. Commonly employed measures differ in their sensitivity to detect and control frailty bias across a spectrum of major chronic diseases. Survival is inversely related to increasing functional impairment after adjusting for age, race, gender, education, number of comorbid conditions, and highest disease risk occurring during follow-up. Functional status appears to be a superior and essential element for control of the frailty bias that threatens comparability of outcome measures across community-dwelling populations containing chronically-ill disabled elderly.
journal_name
J Clin Epidemioljournal_title
Journal of clinical epidemiologyauthors
Pressley JC,Patrick CHdoi
10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00056-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-08-01 00:00:00pages
753-60issue
8eissn
0895-4356issn
1878-5921pii
S0895-4356(99)00056-6journal_volume
52pub_type
杂志文章abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine which factors predict favorable results and positive conclusions in systematic reviews (SRs) and to assess the level of agreement between SR results and conclusions. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:A sample of 296 English SRs indexed in MEDLINE (November, 2004) was obtained. Two investigators independ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.08.008
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A small variability of exposure in a population, for example small variance in nutrient intake, limits the power of an epidemiologic study. McKeown-Eyssen and Thomas (J Chron Dis 1985; 38:559-568) have shown that by selecting a population with larger exposure variance vs one with smaller variance, the study sample siz...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(94)90190-2
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Risk difference (RD) is often estimated from relative association measures generated by meta-analysis and a particular group's baseline risk. We describe a problematic situation in using this approach. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We encountered a meta-analysis in which a confidence interval (CI) of relative ris...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.11.005
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:To characterize the impact of multiple Institutional Review Board (IRB) reviews on multicenter observational research studies, and identify strategies for overcoming the identified challenges. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Using PubMed, we identified empirical studies, anecdotal reports, and opinion ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.11.018
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We develop a stochastic model of screening for ovarian cancer with serum levels of the CA 125 radioimmunoassay, a tumor-specific marker. The natural history of the disease is constructed using a four stage model characterized by a multivariate distribution for duration in each stage. Preserving its important features,...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(91)90075-k
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of the study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) guidelines in identifying at-risk individuals for hypercholesterolemia, using population-based data from the Manitoba Heart Health Survey (MHHS). The MHHS surveyed a representative sample of...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(94)90301-8
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Indexes developed to measure physical functioning as an essential component of general health status are often based on sets of hierarchically-structured items intended to represent a broad underlying concept. Rasch Item Response Theory (IRT) provides a methodology to examine the hierarchical structure, unidimensional...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(94)90215-1
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cross-sectional data from the Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study were used to examine the relationships between waist to hip circumference ratio (WHR) and the presence of diabetes complications in IDDM adults ages 18-45 years (N = 586). Significantly higher WHRs were observed among both genders with prolifer...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(94)90291-7
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Complex longitudinal sampling and the observational structure of patient registers in health services research are associated with methodological challenges regarding data management and statistical evaluation. We exemplify common pitfalls and want to stimulate discussions on the design, development, and dep...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.11.001
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine the impact of changes in comorbidity--as measured by the Charlson comorbidity index--on self-rated health in a large sample of community-dwelling elderly over a 1-year period, and to examine the differential effects of changes in specific Charlson diagnostic categories. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Lo...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.05.009
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a community based, prospective study to determine risk factors for falls, 465 women and 296 men 70 years and over were followed for 1 year and 507 falls were documented. A greater proportion of women (32.7%) than men (23.0%) experienced at least one fall in which there was no or minimal external contribution. Using...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(90)90110-b
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To analyze whether differences between the interval from suspicion or clinical diagnosis to treatment onset (IClinDT) and the interval from certainty diagnosis to treatment onset (ICertDT) varied by tumor site, stage, and mode of hospital admission. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:From our hospital cancer registry...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.12.018
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:We provide a case-cohort approach and show that a full competing risk analysis is feasible even in a reduced data set. Competing events for hospital-acquired infections are death or discharge from the hospital because they preclude the observation of such infections. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Using surveilla...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.11.011
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The use of then-test (retrospective pre-test) scores has frequently been proposed as a solution to potential confounding of change scores because of response shift, as it is assumed that then-test and post-test responses are provided from the same perspective. However, this assumption has not been formally te...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.01.021
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A truly international and systematic review (SR) identifies and synthesizes relevant evidence regardless of the geographical provenance or language of publication. Despite recommendations, international SRs continue to exclude papers in languages other than English (LOE) at searching, screening, and analysis phases ei...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.03.004
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The study assesses the reliability, validity and responsiveness of the UK version of the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ-UK). The instrument was anglicised and administered by self-completed postal questionnaire to 959 patients recruited from general practices in the North East of England. A total of 655 (68.3%) pat...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00352-3
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, pulse rate and cigarette smoking on extracranial carotid artery plaque thickness evaluated by B-mode ultrasonography was investigated in a cross-sectional study of 698 white men, 730 white women, 77 black men and 76 black women as part of a clinical ultrasound registry. ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(89)90151-0
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the outcome in 308 patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) admitted to the coronary care unit of Kobe General Hospital. Short-term outcome (within 28 days after MI) and long-term outcome (more than 28 days) were examined with survival curves to find any relationship with a history of previous MI and ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(92)90186-q
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:In 1981, toxic oil syndrome (TOS) appeared in Spain, affecting more than 20,000 persons and causing over 2500 deaths to date. Previous studies have addressed mortality only by gender and age. We analyzed possible prognostic factors in the survival of the cohort. METHODS:The study period was 1 ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(03)00119-7
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To present a new method to estimate a "minimal important change" (MIC) of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) scales, based on predictive modeling, and to compare its performance with the MIC based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. To illustrate how the new method deals with variables t...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.03.015
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study developed and validated a multidimensional measure of dyspepsia. A questionnaire was administered to 126 patients with dyspepsia who presented for care at a VA outpatient clinic and a family physician's private office. Dyspepsia-specific health was measured by self-report using: (1) an existing dyspepsia sc...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00245-x
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the relationship between age at natural menopause and total mortality as well as mortality from ischemic heart disease in a cohort of 6182 California Seventh-Day Adventist women who reported a natural menopause. During follow-up from 1976 through 1988, there were 1831 deaths. A total of 308 deaths due to is...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00170-x
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:For people with dementia, the concept of quality of life (Qol) reflects the disease's impact on the whole person. Thus, Qol is an increasingly used outcome measure in dementia research. This systematic review was performed to identify available dementia-specific Qol measurements and to assess the quality of l...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.08.002
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Apgar score is widely used for several purposes: to discriminate between infants who require resuscitation at birth and those who do not; to predict outcome; and to evaluate change in the condition of the newly born over the first minutes of life. Using published evidence of its clinical reliability and validity, ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(88)90100-x
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Contacts with health services like hospitals or general practitioners are usually the only available proxy measure of incidence of disease in studies based on secondary data and differential referrals or care-seeking behavior often bias such proxy measures. In former analyses based on the Occupational Hospitalization ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(95)00554-4
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Remaining questions relative to the measurement of health-state preferences are outlined and applications discussed. We recommend more widespread use of functional measurement to better understand preference structures. Further research should be conducted on the reliability and validity of preference values produced ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(89)90011-5
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH) was a secondary atherosclerosis intervention trial employing partial ileal bypass surgery as the intervention modality. For this report, we analyzed 105 subgroups in 35 variables in POSCH, chosen predominantly for their potential relationship to the ri...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(94)00145-g
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To illustrate and discuss current and proposed new concepts of effect size (ES) quantification and significance, with a focus on statistical and clinical/subjective interpretation and supported by empirical examples. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGS:Different methods for determining minimal clinically important dif...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.11.016
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A three-state Markov process is used to model a steady-state population. The classical P = ID equation is derived, as well as a number of identities originally reported by Miettinen (Am J Epidemiol 1976; 103: 226-235) and Freeman and Hutchison (Am J Epidemiol 1980; 112: 707-723. Ibid. 1986; 124: 134-149). Using theore...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(88)90009-1
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:In some publications, the terms "precision" and "accuracy" are used as if they were synonyms for "reliability" and "validity." METHODS AND RESULTS:This article shows that these terms are neither precise nor accurate when used in this way. Scales can demonstrate high test-retest or interrater reliability (i.e...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.09.005
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
