Abstract：
OBJECTIVE:In some publications, the terms "precision" and "accuracy" are used as if they were synonyms for "reliability" and "validity." METHODS AND RESULTS:This article shows that these terms are neither precise nor accurate when used in this way. Scales can demonstrate high test-retest or interrater reliability (i.e., they are "precise") but still be unreliable in certain circumstances; and "imprecise" scales can still show good reliability. Further, "accuracy" as a synonym for validity reflects an outdated conceptualization of validity, which has been superseded by one that emphasizes that validity tells us what conclusions can be drawn about a person based on a test result. CONCLUSION:The article ends with a call for the use of the more traditional terms as better reflecting the process of scale development and the uses to which they are put.
journal_name
J Clin Epidemioljournal_title
Journal of clinical epidemiologyauthors
Streiner DL,Norman GRdoi
10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.09.005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-04-01 00:00:00pages
327-30issue
4eissn
0895-4356issn
1878-5921pii
S0895-4356(05)00340-9journal_volume
59pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:To investigate the possible association between changes in coffee consumption and serum cholesterol levels, information was obtained from 2109 healthy nonsmokers aged 25-65 years at two clinic visits to a preventive medical center between 1987 and 1991 (mean interval between visits: 16.7 months). After adjusting for a...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(95)00023-w
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Treatments may be more effective in some patients than others, and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis of randomized trials provides perhaps the best method of investigating treatment-covariate interactions. Various methods are used; we provide a comprehensive critique and develop guidance on meth...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.11.016
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Results from pragmatic trials should reflect the comparative treatment effects encountered in patients in real-life clinical practice to guide treatment decisions. Therefore, pragmatic trials should focus on outcomes that are relevant to patients, clinical practice, and treatment choices. This sixth article in the ser...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.12.022
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Advances in laboratory techniques have led to a rapidly increasing use of biomarkers in epidemiological studies. Biomarkers of internal dose, early biological change susceptibility and clinical outcomes are used as proxies for investigating the interactions between external and/or endogenous agents and body components...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.07.010
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We assessed validity and reliability of data on four serious pregnancy complications and gestational age in two national registers, the Medical Birth Register (MBR) and the National Register of Hospital Discharges (NRHD). From a cohort of all women in Denmark who gave birth to their first and second singleton infant i...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(96)00018-2
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:To assess the influence of medical conditions on road traffic accidents among a cohort of middle-aged workers and pensioners. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:A longitudinal study of 13,548 participants from a cohort study of French workers. Follow-up data covered the 1989-2000 period. Adjusted hazard...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.09.008
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Breast cancer therapy is often followed by a decline in upper-body function. Women (303) diagnosed with stage I or II breast cancer were interviewed 5 and 21 months after surgery and their medical records were reviewed. Women with cardiopulmonary comorbidity had an odds ratio for decline at the 5-month interview of 2....
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00176-6
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Claims-based indices of comorbidity and severity, as well as other measures derived from routinely collected administrative data, are developed and tested. The extent to which risk adjustments using claims can be improved by adding information from one well-known measure based on chart review and patient examination (...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(89)90118-2
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The massive growth in the publication of meta-analyses may cause redundancy and wasted efforts. We performed a metaepidemiologic study to evaluate the extent of potential redundancy in published meta-analyses in genetic epidemiology. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Using a sample of 38 index meta-analyses of genet...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.05.035
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Coronary heart disease (CHD) is an imprecise, inappropriate monitor of atherosclerosis severity and by inapplicable extrapolation CHD risk factors are incorrectly assumed to be causes of atherosclerosis. Taking into account (1) the misuse and substantial diagnostic error of CHD, (2) errors in determining the prevalenc...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(90)90231-d
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Period prevalence is frequently measured in studies based on administrative data such as that from health maintenance organizations. For example, treated prevalence and drug utilization prevalence are important measures that are typically defined in relationship to a specified time period. Often one wishes to compare ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(95)00573-0
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders. There continues to be a need for community-based research into this condition. Unfortunately, response rates in community-based IBS surveys have typically been very low. In this study, we explore the use of incentives and multiple-res...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(02)00586-3
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies of determinants of recurrent disease often give unexpected results. In particular, well-established risk factors may seem not to have much influence on the recurrence risk. Recently, it has been argued that such paradoxical findings may be because of the bias caused by the selection of patients based on the oc...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.06.023
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study was to analyze adequacy of judgments about risk of bias (RoB) for blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) in Cochrane systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We extracted judgments and supporting comments for performan...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.05.012
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To illustrate how multiple hypotheses testing can produce associations with no clinical plausibility. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We conducted a study of all 10,674,945 residents of Ontario aged between 18 and 100 years in 2000. Residents were randomly assigned to equally sized derivation and validation cohort...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.01.012
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Model specification-what adjusting variables are analytically modeled-may influence results of observational associations. We present a standardized approach to quantify the variability of results obtained with choices of adjustments called the "vibration of effects" (VoE). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We estim...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.05.029
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To provide GRADE guidance on how to prepare Summary of Findings tables and Evidence Profiles for time-to-event outcomes with a focus on the calculation of the corresponding absolute effect estimates. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:This guidance was justified by a research project identifying frequent errors and l...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.10.015
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Intervention Modeling Experiments (IMEs) are a way of developing and testing behavior change interventions before a trial. We aimed to test this methodology in a Web-based IME that replicated the trial component of an earlier, paper-based IME. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Three-arm, Web-based randomized evaluat...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.07.008
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Whether or not to treat patients with non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation with anticoagulants to prevent embolic stroke is a dilemma for physicians. If randomized trials, currently underway, demonstrate a beneficial effect, the dilemma will not be solved because not all of the relevant factors can be addressed by trials...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(91)90219-y
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to evaluate how frequently complex interventions are shown to be superior to routine care in general practice-based cluster-randomized controlled studies (c-RCTs) and to explore whether potential differences explain results that come out in favor of a complex intervention. STUDY DE...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.10.010
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to assess the discriminative properties of the methods for diagnosing acute maxillary sinusitis (AMS) in unselected patients. The study design was a systematic review of evaluation studies identified by using Medline, by searching reference lists, by hand searches, and by contacting inv...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00213-9
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We aimed to compare the judgmental and mathematical approaches in weighting the Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI). METHODS:The PUCAI was previously weighted mathematically using multivariate regression modeling on 157 children with ulcerative colitis (UC). Independently, a Delphi group of ...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.09.008
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Efficient use of cholesterol measurements to screen for coronary heart disease in the elderly is not well defined. The purpose of this report is to examine such screening based on national guidelines in a sample of older men. Since relations between cholesterol and coronary heart disease are better established in thos...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00130-4
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Loss to follow-up threatens internal and external validity yet little research has examined ways to limit participant attrition. We conducted a systematic review of studies with a primary focus on strategies to retain participants in health care research. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGS:We completed searches of Pu...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.11.023
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Cochrane acute respiratory infections (ARIs) group conducts systematic reviews of the evidence for treatment and prevention of ARIs. We report the results of a prioritization project, aiming to identify highest priority systematic review topics. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING:The project consisted of two phases. Phase...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.05.016
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Traditionally, measures have been developed using classical test theory (CTT). This study examines the psychometrics of the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales (parent report) using a modern psychometric approach (i.e., Rasch analysis) to determine if further insight regarding the behavior of the measure can be ga...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.04.014
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Differences in the rate of metacarpal bone loss were evaluated in a 9 year population based follow-up study among 799 women initially aged 45-64 years, using initial and follow-up radiographs of the hands. Metacarpal bone loss started around the age of 50 years and was present in more than 95% of the women. The averag...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(90)90162-i
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Weight loss interventions often present small mean weight changes over time, despite the fact that a substantial proportion of the participants lost more weight. This effect is often leveled out by the substantial proportion of participants who gained weight during the trial. The aim of this study is to id...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.03.007
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The aim of the study was to describe the research environment of scientists in health services and policy research in China. STUDY DESIGN:Study was conducted during the 2016 Westlake Youth Forum with grantees of China Medical Board and key informants. Mixed methods used anonymous, survey of grantees, semist...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.05.004
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For randomized trials that do not require prompt onset of therapy, a pre-admission preparation, called the qualification period, can deal with certain customary difficulties in design, analysis, and ethics. For the patients' baseline state, the qualification period can be used to "wash out" effects of previous treatme...
journal_title：Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0895-4356(91)90208-q
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
