Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study was to analyze adequacy of judgments about risk of bias (RoB) for blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) in Cochrane systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We extracted judgments and supporting comments for performance bias from Cochrane reviews' RoB tables using automated data scraping. We parsed all intervention descriptions, judgments about risk of performance bias, and comments supporting judgments into simple categories. We assessed adequacy of RoB judgments against recommendations from the Cochrane Handbook. RESULTS:We analyzed judgments for performance bias of 10,429 RCTs included in 718 Cochrane reviews. Overall, 1,828 out of 6,918 judgments (26%) for performance bias were not in line with the Cochrane Handbook and were therefore considered inadequate. In reviews where Cochrane authors have split the performance bias domain into two subdomains, based on blinded individuals, we found lower prevalence of inadequate risk of bias judgments, with 9% of judgments for blinding of participants, and 5.8% judgments for the blinding of personnel subdomain being judged inadequately. CONCLUSION:In Cochrane reviews, risk of bias assessments for blinding of participants and personnel were frequently not in line with Cochrane Handbook recommendations. Interventions to improve these assessments should be taken into consideration.
journal_name
J Clin Epidemioljournal_title
Journal of clinical epidemiologyauthors
Barcot O,Boric M,Dosenovic S,Poklepovic Pericic T,Cavar M,Puljak Ldoi
10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.05.012subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-09-01 00:00:00pages
104-113eissn
0895-4356issn
1878-5921pii
S0895-4356(19)30275-6journal_volume
113pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the behavior of predictive performance measures that are commonly used in external validation of prognostic models for outcome at intensive care units (ICUs). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Four prognostic models (Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluati...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.08.011
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether elements signifying relative insulin sensitivity (IS) were prospectively linked to accidents and suicides in 14,976 Helsinki Heart Study (HHS) screenees. The main outcome measure was hospitalizations and deaths from accidents and suicide attempts determined from Finnis...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(02)00407-9
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine what criteria researchers use to assess whether the estimates of effect of an intervention on a dichotomous outcome are different when obtained using different study designs. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Scoping review of the literature. We included studies of dichotomous outcomes in which authors ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.02.001
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aims to estimate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Glasgow, and to provide a systematic analysis of factors associated with this prevalence. The data used are from a random population sample of 793 men and 838 women aged 25-64 years conducted in 1995. The prevalence is estimated to be 66% (95% confid...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00171-7
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To identify key principles of graph construction and to review guidance on graph construction provided by medical journals. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Review of a prevailing model of graph comprehension and survey of authors' instructions for all 120 core medical journals as indexed by PubMed. RESULTS:Graph ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.12.016
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seasonal plasma lipid and lipoprotein cycles were studied in 1446 hypercholesterolemic 35-59 year-old men followed for 7 years as the placebo group of the Lipid Research Clinics (LRC) Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (CPPT). Separate periodic time series were calculated for each study participant; mean parameter esti...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(88)90120-5
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sun sensitivity is a major risk factor for melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Several variables have been used in epidemiologic studies to measure sun sensitivity. The present study assesses their validity and combines them to form a prediction rule for an objective measure of sun...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(92)90104-u
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Two methods for measuring insulin sensitivity, fasting plasma insulin (FPI) and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) have been proposed for use in large epidemiological research and clinical practice. This project describes the range of observed values of the HOMA and FPI in a large sample of th...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.05.001
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To compare the impact of unconditional and conditional financial incentives on response rates among Australian general practitioners invited by mail to participate in an online survey about cancer care and to investigate possible differential response bias between incentive groups. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.09.013
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Meta-analyses inform clinical practice by summarizing treatment effect estimates based on results from several trials. However, the statistical significance of a meta-analysis (i.e., whether the pooled treatment effect is statistically significant or not) may rely on the outcome of only a few patients from s...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.03.012
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effectiveness of pre-notification and pleading invitations in Web surveys by embedding a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in a Web-based survey. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:E-mail addresses of 569 authors of published maternal health research were randomized in a 2×2 factorial trial of a pre-n...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.06.001
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Evidence-based guidelines recommend adjuvant chemotherapy in early stage breast cancer whenever treatment benefit is considered sufficient to outweigh the associated risks. However, many groups of patients were either excluded from or underrepresented in the clinical trials that form the evidence base for thi...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.01.006
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this project, we set out to identify ways to increase the uptake of core outcome sets in clinical research. In doing so, we uncovered a growing recognition, across many different health care sectors, of the need for common, relevant outcomes to improve the quality of decision-making. This has led to a plethora of p...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.05.016
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to relate the 1-year risk of death and development of acute myocardial infarction among diabetics with acute chest pain to whether they had a history of hypertension or not. All patients with a history of diabetes mellitus who, during 21 months, were admitted to the Emergency Room in Sahl...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(94)90174-0
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Traditionally, measures have been developed using classical test theory (CTT). This study examines the psychometrics of the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales (parent report) using a modern psychometric approach (i.e., Rasch analysis) to determine if further insight regarding the behavior of the measure can be ga...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.04.014
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Core outcome sets (COSs) are agreed-on standardized sets of outcomes that should be minimally measured in all trials of a given disease. To enhance the uptake of COSs in trials, their generalizability should be increased by a change in the number and diversity of stakeholders involved in their development. Also, their...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.01.004
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:In the course of performing systematic reviews on the prevalence of low back and neck pain, we required a tool to assess the risk of study bias. Our objectives were to (1) modify an existing checklist and (2) test the final tool for interrater agreement. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:The final tool consists of 10...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.11.014
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recently updated guidelines by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association and the European Society of Cardiology recommend at least 12 hours bed rest in patients with uncomplicated myocardial infarction. METHODS:We performed a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of randomized a...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(03)00121-5
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Interpretation of clinical research findings using the paradigm of null hypothesis significance testing has a number of limitations. These include arbitrary dichotomization of results, lack of incorporation of study power and prior probability, and the confusing use of conditional probability. This study aim...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.08.016
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:A large number of trials remain difficult to locate or unpublished for systematic reviews. The objective of this article was to determine the usefulness of making e-mail contact with authors of clinical trials and literature reviews found in MEDLINE to identify unpublished or difficult to locat...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.11.022
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Longitudinal studies estimating the association between disability and mortality in the elderly population have typically assumed disability constant through the follow-up study period. Current knowledge indicates that such assumptions may not be appropriate. Our purpose was to examine this association (disa...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(03)00201-4
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Cases and controls should be chosen from the same base population to reduce selection bias in case-control studies. For hospital cases, we examined how inferences drawn from a case-control study can differ by choice of hospital- vs. community-based controls. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGS:We used data from a case...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.11.006
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::To effectively evaluate medical literature, practicing physicians and medical researchers must understand the impact of statistical tests on research outcomes. Applying inefficient statistics not only increases the need for resources, but more importantly increases the probability of committing a Type I or Type II err...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00168-1
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A summary performance measure comprised of a hierarchical balance task, a 4-meter walk, and five repetitive chair stands is increasingly being used as a predictor of independent living for older persons. The reliability and sensitivity to change of this summary performance measure have not been investigated, however. ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(02)00436-5
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although CHF has been considered a risk factor for venous thromboembolism, this has not been directly studied. We hypothesized that congestive heart failure would increase the risk of venous thromboembolism in an outpatient population, and that this risk would increase as patients' ventricular function worsened. We co...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00373-5
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim was to assess relationships between increased aerobic fitness sustained over 4 years, and changes in blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and lipids. Measurements were made of BP, lipids, weight, and fitness in 1000 middle-aged men and women entering a fitness programme, and were repeated 2 and 4 years later. The 342 ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(93)90052-3
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess whether nominally statistically significant effects in meta-analyses of clinical trials are true and whether their magnitude is inflated. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Data from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005 (issue 4) and 2010 (issue 1) were used. We considered meta-analyses with bina...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.12.012
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of determinants of recurrent disease often give unexpected results. In particular, well-established risk factors may seem not to have much influence on the recurrence risk. Recently, it has been argued that such paradoxical findings may be because of the bias caused by the selection of patients based on the oc...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.06.023
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA, HCV genotypes and liver function tests were evaluated in a series of 189 unselected, consecutive anti-HCV positive intravenous drug users (IVDUs). Serum HCV RNA was detected in 106/189 patients. Abnormal liver function tests were associated with alcohol abuse, but not with the presen...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00305-3
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study was to consider statistical and methodological issues affecting the results of meta-analysis of genetic association studies for pertinent gene-disease associations. Although the basic statistical issues for performing meta-analysis are well described in the literature, there are remaining...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.12.011
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00