Abstract:
:Contacts with health services like hospitals or general practitioners are usually the only available proxy measure of incidence of disease in studies based on secondary data and differential referrals or care-seeking behavior often bias such proxy measures. In former analyses based on the Occupational Hospitalization Register in Denmark assisting nurses had high Standardized Hospitalization Ratios for many diseases. It was, however, suspected that it fully or partly was due to a referral bias or self-selection to hospital treatment rather than exposures to occupational hazards. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the referral bias hypothesis by comparing hospitalization and mortality data for health workers for a disease category with a high mortality. Cohorts of all gainfully employed 20- to 59-year-old Danes were formed in order to compare Standardized Mortality Ratios and Standardized Hospitalization Ratios of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in occupational groups. The follow-up period was 10 years. For most of the investigated occupational groups a similar disease pattern was found whether hospitalization or death was used as the outcome measure. In "nurse assistants" a statistically significant higher risk was, however, found using hospitalization due to IHD as the end point rather than mortality. Additional analysis did not support the hypothesis that the finding could be explained by differentiated hospitalization due to social factors. The true incidence rates of the disease need not be equally well described by proxy measures such as hospitalization diagnosis or death diagnosis in all occupational groups. Differential access to medical treatment in some groups may lead to bias when hospital data are used as proxy measures for the underlying incidence rates.
journal_name
J Clin Epidemioljournal_title
Journal of clinical epidemiologyauthors
Tüchsen F,Andersen O,Olsen Jdoi
10.1016/0895-4356(95)00554-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-07-01 00:00:00pages
791-4issue
7eissn
0895-4356issn
1878-5921pii
0895-4356(95)00554-4journal_volume
49pub_type
杂志文章abstract::In middle-aged people, social class is one of the strongest predictors of mortality. However, to date, research prospectively evaluating the relationship between social class and mortality in the older persons has produced conflicting results. This may be due to the lack of clinical covariates in many analyses. The ob...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(02)00464-x
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:N-of-1 trials can be aggregated to estimate population treatment effects using hierarchical Bayesian models. It is very important to report core items in hierarchical Bayesian analysis. In this study, we assessed reporting of items in hierarchical Bayesian analysis for aggregating N-of-1 trials to estimate p...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.02.023
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Measuring the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation programs poses both conceptual and practical challenges. We compared several standardized outcome measures with goal attainment scaling (GAS) to assess their sensitivity to changes in health status in patients undergoing cognitive rehabilitation. GAS is a measure...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00014-0
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A large sample of older participants of the Maastricht Aging Study (MAAS) were compared to drop-outs at the 3-year follow-up with respect to socio-demographic, health, and cognitive characteristics. In addition, the impact of selective drop-out on measures of cognitive change was examined. To this end, hypothetical sc...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(01)00473-5
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To develop a questionnaire with which to measure quality of life (QoL) in patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Thirty-two caregivers and 96 OA patients were interviewed individually (using cognitive and face-to-face techniques) and in focus groups. A group of experts worki...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.04.011
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper reports a prospective study, carried out in elderly patients hospitalized for acute illness, designed to evaluate the effectiveness of medical treatment from the point of view of quality of life (QoL). Patient's autoperception and satisfaction with health, the most relevant subjective estimates of QoL, were...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(94)00237-k
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Individual energy expenditure (kcal/kg/day) was calculated from a detailed set of questions from the Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Supplement of the 1985 National Health Interview Survey. Responses to three single-item, self-assessment questions were compared to the energy expenditure variable to test criter...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(90)90013-f
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:To systematically investigate location bias of controlled clinical trials in complementary/alternative medicine (CAM). METHODS:Literature searches were performed to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses, which were used to retrieve controlled clinical trials. Trials were categorised by whether they ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00220-6
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Community intervention evaluations that measure changes over time may conduct repeated cross-sectional surveys, follow a cohort of residents over time, or (often) use both designs. Each survey design has implications for precision and cost. To explore these issues, we assume that two waves of surveys are conducted, an...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(95)00055-0
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary embolism (PE) causes substantial morbidity and mortality, but little information is available regarding recent secular trends for PE. This study determined trends for PE in adults ages 30 to 84 years in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area from 1980 to 1995. The age-adjusted mortality rate for PE decre...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00147-x
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::For deaths during the first 13 years of follow-up of the Minnesota Colon Cancer Control Study, an expert committee using numerous medical documents, and a nosologist using only the death certificate independently determined whether colorectal cancer caused the death and, if not, whether the disease was present at deat...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00016-5
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study was to analyze adequacy of judgments about risk of bias (RoB) for blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) in Cochrane systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We extracted judgments and supporting comments for performan...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.05.012
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The decision to make protocols of phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) publicly accessible by leading journals was a landmark event in clinical trial reporting. Here, we compared primary outcomes defined in protocols with those in publications describing the trials and in trial registration. STUDY ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.07.010
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several studies show a relationship between abdominal obesity and cardiovascular diseases, partially mediated through an altered metabolism of dyslipidemia. The present study was aimed at testing the robustness of this association across three contrasted populations and at assessing the performances of abdominal obesi...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00184-5
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper describes a multivariate analysis of a 3-year prospective study of the covariates of age at menopause among women who were randomly sampled from a general population. This approach avoids three problems that may account for the inconsistent results of prior studies: recall bias in retrospectively collected ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(89)90044-9
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We analyzed the 1986-1997 mortality in a cohort of 2065 residents of an Italian municipality which had been exposed to drinking water with a high content of inorganic selenium over a long period of time, and compared it with mortality in the remainder of the municipal population. Mortality from malignant neoplasms inc...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00233-x
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to identify characteristics of nonrespondents and late respondents in a population-based case-control study on lung cancer conducted in the city of Turin (Italy). Information about demographic and socioeconomic variables of 634 cases and 859 controls who responded to an interview, as we...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(02)00455-9
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is no population-based prospective study concerning the relation between serum albumin and mortality in a non-Western population, and few previous studies included the subgroup analysis stratified by serum cholesterol level. METHODS:A 13.7-year cohort study was conducted on 6,957 males and females age...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.02.019
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mortality rates in Denmark from ischemic heart diseases (IHD), other heart diseases and unknown causes are presented for the period 1968-92. In all age groups, mortality from IHD is higher at the beginning of the period than at the end. For other heart disease, the plot of the mortality rate is U-shaped for the age gr...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(94)00158-m
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A three-state Markov process is used to model a steady-state population. The classical P = ID equation is derived, as well as a number of identities originally reported by Miettinen (Am J Epidemiol 1976; 103: 226-235) and Freeman and Hutchison (Am J Epidemiol 1980; 112: 707-723. Ibid. 1986; 124: 134-149). Using theore...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(88)90009-1
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To identify characteristics of certifying physicians and the deceased that are associated with errors in death certificate completion in Taiwan, we retrospectively reviewed 4123 systematically sampled death certificates issued in 1994. Multivariate analyses were used to assess the associations of various characteristi...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00299-7
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00274-2
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess whether the reported trial characteristics are associated with treatment effects on all-cause mortality within critical care medicine. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We identified all eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from Cochrane Reviews on patients with sepsis, septic shock, and cardiogeni...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.05.016
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The framework consists of cohort or case-series studies with intermittent exposure and two types of events. The aim is to define and estimate an association measure between the exposure and the occurrence of one type of event rather than the other. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:The model and the estimation method...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.07.014
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Both spontaneous reports and single outcome studies may distort the overall safety evaluation of drugs. We identified epidemiologic studies, published from January 1970 to December 1995, that investigated the association of serious adverse effects with aspirin, diclofenac, acetaminophen, and dipyrone to determine and ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00076-6
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Response bias may affect the result of surveys with <100% response rate. We applied methods commonly used in meta-analysis to ascertain the extent to which response bias affects multiwave survey results. METHODS:To test hypotheses of between-wave similarity, we used the Cochran-Armitage test f...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.11.027
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:In this study, we assessed the validity of maternally self-reported history of preeclampsia. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:This study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study. Data were obtained from prenatal questionnaires and one questionnaire obtained 2 months postpar...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.10.010
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate reproductive maternal risk factors of intrapartum fetal asphyxia, we analyzed 556 women with singleton pregnancies complicated by intrapartum fetal asphyxia who gave birth at Kuopio University Hospital from January 1990 to December 1998. The general obstetric population (N=21746) was selected as the ref...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(00)00329-2
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Differential recall between compared groups is discussed most often in the context of case-control studies. Cases, compared to controls, are suspected of providing a more complete report of their true exposure to an hypothesized risk factor, thereby biasing upwards the estimate of its effect. The present paper describ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0895-4356(90)90100-4
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Understanding patterns of maternity care requires knowing which women have given birth previously, but this information is typically unavailable in administrative hospital data sets. We assessed how well parity can be derived using linked historical records. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:Using Hospital Episode S...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.10.011
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00